Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, Volume III. The Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches.

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The Westminster Confession of Faith, A.D. 1647.…

Confessio Fidei Westmonasteriensis.

The changes of the American revision, which occur chiefly in Ch. XXIII., relating to the Civil Magistrate, and in Ch. XXXI., relating to Synods and Councils, are inserted in their proper places, and marked by italics. Minor changes are indicated in footnotes.

The Latin translation of the Westminster Confession and Catechisms by G. D. (see Preface) appeared first at Cambridge, 1656 (also 1659); at Edinburgh, 1694, etc.; and at Glasgow, 1660), under the title, 'Confessio Fidei | in Conventu theologorum authoritate | Parliamenti Anglicani indicto | Elaborata; | eidem Parliamento postmodum | Exhibita; | Quin et ab eodem, deindeque ab Ecclesia Scoticana | Cognita et Approbata; | und cum | Catechismo | duplici, Majori, Minorique; | E Sermone Anglicano summa cum fide | in Litinum versa. Cantabrigiæ: excudebat Johannes Field, celeberrimæ Academiæ typographus.']

Confession of Faith.	Confessio Fidei.
Chapter I.	Cap. I.
Of the Holy Scripture.	De Scriptura Sacrosancta.
I. Although the light of nature, and the works of creation and providence, do so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men inexcusable;⁸⁴⁶⁸⁴⁶Rom. ii. 14, 15; i. 19, 20; Psa. xix. 1–3; Rom. i. 32; ii. 1. yet are they not sufficient to give that knowledge of God, and of his will, which is necessary unto salvation;⁸⁴⁷⁸⁴⁷1 Cor. i. 21; ii. 13, 14. therefore it pleased the Lord, at sundry times, and in divers manners, to reveal himself, and to declare that his will unto his Church;⁸⁴⁸⁸⁴⁸Hebrews 1:1. and afterwards, for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the Church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice	I. Quanquam naturæ lumen, operaque Dei cum Creationis tum Providentiæ, bonitatem ejus, sapientiam, potentiamque eo usque manifestant, ut homines vel inde reddantur inexcusabiles:⁸⁴⁹⁸⁴⁹Rom. ii. 14, 15; i. 19, 20; Psa. xix. 1–3; Rom. i. 32; ii. 1. eam tamen Dei, voluntatisque divinæ cognitionem, quæ porro est ad salutem necessaria, nequeunt nobis ingenerare.⁸⁵⁰⁸⁵⁰1 Cor. i. 21; ii. 13, 14. Quocirca Domino complacitum est, variis quidem modis vicibusque Ecclesiæ suæ semetipsum revelare, suamque hanc voluntatem patefacere;⁸⁵¹⁸⁵¹Hebrews 1:1. sed et eandem omnem postea literis consignare, quo et veritati suæ tam conservandæ quam propagandæ melius consuleret, nec Ecclesia sua contra carnis corruptelam, contra malitiam mundi

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of Satan and of the world, to commit the same wholly unto writing;⁸⁵²⁸⁵²Prov. xxii. 19–21; Luke i. 3, 4; Rom. xv. 4; Matt. iv. 4, 7, 10; Isa. viii. 19, 20. which maketh the holy Scripture to be most necessary;⁸⁵³⁸⁵³2 Tim. iii. 15; 2 Pet. i. 19. those former ways of God's revealing his will unto his people being now ceased.⁸⁵⁴⁸⁵⁴Heb. i. 1, 2.	Satanæque, præsidio foret ac solatio destituta.⁸⁵⁵⁸⁵⁵Prov. xxii. 19–21; Luke i. 3, 4; Rom. xv. 4; Matt. iv. 4, 7, 10; Isa. viii. 19, 20. Unde factum est, ut, postquam pristini illi modi, quibus olim populo suo Deus voluntatem suam revelabat, jam desiverint,⁸⁵⁶⁸⁵⁶2 Tim. iii. 15; 2 Pet. i. 19. Scriptura Sacra sit maxime necessaria.⁸⁵⁷⁸⁵⁷Heb. i. 1, 2.
II. Under the name of holy Scripture, or the Word of God written, are now contained all the Books of the Old and New Testament, which are these:	II. Sacræ Scripturæ, nomine, seu Verbi Dei scripti continentur hodie omnes illi libri tam Veteris quam Novi Instrumenti,⁸⁵⁸⁸⁵⁸[So the Cambridge eds. of 1656 and 1659. The Edinb. ed. reads Testamenti.] nempe quorum inferius subsequuntur nomina.

Of the Old Testament.		Veteris Testamenti.
Genesis.	Ecclesiastes.	Genesis.	Ecclesiastes.
Exodus.	The Song of Songs.	Exodus.	Canticum Canticorum.
Leviticus.	Isaiah.	Leviticus.	Isaias.
Numbers.	Jeremiah.	Numeri.	Jeremias.
Deuteronomy.	Lamentations.	Deuteronomium.	Lamentationes.
Joshua.	Ezekiel.	Josua.	Ezechiel.
Judges.	Daniel.	Judices.	Daniel.
Ruth.	Hosea.	Ruth.	Hosea.
I. Samuel.	Joel.	Samuelis 1.	Joel.
II. Samuel.	Amos.	Samuelis 2.	Amos.
I. Kings.	Obadiah.	Regum 1.	Obadias.
II. Kings.	Jonah.	Regum 2.	Jonas.
I. Chronicles.	Micah.	Chronicorum 1.	Micheas.
II. Chronicles.	Nahum.	Chronicorum 2.	Nahum.
Ezra.	Habakkuk.	Ezra.	Habucuc.
Nehemiah.	Zephaniah.	Nehemias.	Zephanias.
Esther.	Haggai.	Esther.	Haggæus.
Job.	Zechariah.	Job.	Zacharias.
Psalms.	Malachi.	Psalmi.	Malachias.
Proverbs.		Proverbia.
Of the New Testament.		Novi autem.
The Gospels according to		Evangelium secundem
Matthew,	Luke,	Matthæum,	Lucam,
Mark,	John.	Marcum,	Johannem.

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The Acts of the	To Timothy II.	Acta apostolorum.
Apostles.	To Titus.		Titum.
Paul's Epistles to the	To Philemon.	Pauli espistolæ ad	Philemonem.
Romans.	The Epistle to the	Romanos.	Epist. ad Hebræos.
Corinthians I.	Hebrews.	Corinthios I. II.
Corinthians II.	The Epistle of James.		Jacobi Epistola.
Galatians.	The First and Second	Galatas.	Petri Epist. I. II.
Ephesians.	Epistles of Peter.	Ephesios.
Philippians.	The First, Second, and	Philippenses.	Johan. Epist. I. II.
Colossians.	Third Epistles of	Collossenses.	III.
Thessalonians I.	John.	Thessalonicens I. II.
Thessalonians II.	The Epistle of Jude.		Judæ Epistola.
To Timothy I.	The Revelation.	Timotheum I. II.	Apocalypsis.

All which are given by inspiration of God, to be the rule of faith and life.⁸⁵⁹⁸⁵⁹Luke xvi. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Rev. xxii. 18, 19; 2 Tim. iii. 16.	Qui omnes divina inspiratione dati sunt in Fidei vitæque regulam.⁸⁶⁰⁸⁶⁰Luke xvi. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Rev. xxii. 18, 19; 2 Tim. iii. 16.
III. The books commonly called Apocrypha, not being of divine inspiration, are no part of the Canon of the Scripture; and therefore are of no authority in the Church of God, nor to be any otherwise approved, or made use of, than other human writings.⁸⁶¹⁸⁶¹Luke xxiv. 27, 44; Rom. iii. 2; 2 Pet. i. 21.	III. Libri Apocryphi, vulgo dicti, quum non fuerint divinitus inspirati, Canonem Scripturæ nullatenus constituunt; proindeque nullam aliam authoritatem obtinere debent in Ecclesia Dei, nec aliter quam alia humana scripta, sunt aut approbandi aut adhibendi.⁸⁶²⁸⁶²Luke xxiv. 27, 44; Rom. iii. 2; 2 Pet. i. 21.
IV. The authority of the holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed and obeyed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man or church, but wholly upon God (who is truth itself), the Author thereof; and therefore it is to be received, because it is the Word of God.⁸⁶³⁸⁶³2 Pet. i. 19, 21; 2 Tim. iii. 16; 1 John v. 9; 1 Thess. ii. 13.	IV. Authoritas Scripturæ sacræ propter quam ei debetur fides et observantia, non ab ullius aut hominis aut Ecclesiæ pendet testimonio, sed a solo ejus authore Deo, qui est ipsa veritas: eoque est a nobis recipienda, quoniam est Verbum Dei.⁸⁶⁴⁸⁶⁴2 Pet. i. 19, 21; 2 Tim. iii. 16; 1 John v. 9; 1 Thess. ii. 13.
V. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the	V. Testimonium Ecclesiæ efficere quidem potest ut de Scriptura sacra

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Church to an high and reverent esteem of⁸⁶⁵⁸⁶⁵[Am. ed. for.] the holy Scripture;⁸⁶⁶⁸⁶⁶1 Tim. iii. 15. and the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, the many other incomparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God; yet, notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth, and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.⁸⁶⁷⁸⁶⁷1 John ii. 20, 27; John xvi. 13, 14; 1 Cor. ii. 10–12; Isa. lix. 21.

quam honorifice sentiamus;⁸⁶⁸⁸⁶⁸1 Tim. iii. 15. materies insuper ejus cœlestis, doctrinæ vis et efficacia, styli majestas, partium omnium consensus, totiusque scopus (ut Deo nempe omnis gloria tribuatur), plena denique quam exhibet unicæ ad salutem viæ commonstratio, præter alias ejus virtutes incomparabiles, et perfectionem summam, argumenta sunt quibus abunde se Verbum Dei et luculenter probat; nihilominus tamen plena persuasio et certitudo de ejus tam infallibili veritate, quam authoritate divina non aliunde nascitur quam ab interna operatione Spiritus Sancti, per verbum et cum verbo ipso in cordibus nostris testificantis.⁸⁶⁹⁸⁶⁹1 John ii. 20, 27; John xvi. 13, 14; 1 Cor. ii. 10–12; Isa. lix. 21.

VI. The whole counsel of God, concerning all things necessary for his own glory, man's salvation, faith, and life, is either expressly set down in Scripture, or by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from Scripture: unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelations of the Spirit, or traditions of men.⁸⁷⁰⁸⁷⁰2 Tim. iii. 15–17; Gal. i. 8, 9; 2 Thess. ii. 2. Nevertheless we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving

VI. Consilium Dei universum de omnibus quæ ad suam ipsius gloriam, quæque ad hominum salutem, fidem, vitamque sunt necessaria, aut expresse in Scriptura continetur, aut consequentia bona et necessaria derivari potest a Scriptura; cui nihil deinceps addendum est, seu novis a spiritu revelationibus, sive traditionibus hominum.⁸⁷¹⁸⁷¹2 Tim. iii. 15–17; Gal. i. 8, 9; 2 Thess. ii. 2. Internam nihilominus illuminationem Spiritus Dei ad salutarem eorum perceptionem, quæ in Verbo Dei

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understanding of such things as are revealed in the Word;⁸⁷²⁸⁷²John vi. 45; 1 Cor. ii. 9, 10, 12. and that there are some circumstances concerning the worship of God, and government of the Church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature and Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the Word, which are always to be observed.⁸⁷³⁸⁷³1 Cor. xi. 13, 14; xiv. 26, 40.	revelantur, agnoscimus esse necessariam:⁸⁷⁴⁸⁷⁴John vi. 45; 1 Cor. ii. 9, 10, 12. quin etiam nonnullas esse circumstantias cultum Dei spectantes et Ecclesiæ regimen, iis cum humanis actionibus et societatibus communes, quæ naturali lumine ac prudentia Christiana secundum generales verbi regulas (perpetuo quidem illas observandas) sunt regulandæ.⁸⁷⁵⁸⁷⁵1 Cor. xi. 13, 14; xiv. 26, 40.
VII. All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear unto all;⁸⁷⁶⁸⁷⁶2 Pet. iii. 16. yet those things which are necessary to be known, believed, and observed, for salvation, are so clearly propounded and opened in some place of Scripture or other, that not only the learned, but the unlearned, in a due use of the ordinary means, may attain unto a sufficient understanding of them.⁸⁷⁷⁸⁷⁷Psa. cxix. 105, 130.	VII. Quæ in Scriptura continentur non sunt omnia æque aut in se perspicua, aut omnibus hominibus evidentia,⁸⁷⁸⁸⁷⁸2 Pet. iii. 16. ea tamen omnia quæ ad salutem necessaria sunt cognitu, creditu, observatu, adeo perspicue, alicubi saltem in Scriptura, proponuntur et explicantur, ut eorum non docti solum, verum indocti etiam ordinariorum debito usu mediorum, sufficientem assequi possint intelligentiam.⁸⁷⁹⁸⁷⁹Psa. cxix. 105, 130.
VIII. The Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the native language of the people of God of old), and the New Testament in Greek (which at the time of the writing of it was most generally known to the nations), being immediately inspired by God, and by his singular care and providence kept pure in all ages, are therefore authentical;⁸⁸⁰⁸⁸⁰Matt. v. 18. so as in all controversies	VIII. Instrumentum Vetus Hebræa lingua (antiqua Dei populo nempe vernacula) Novum autem Græca (ut quæ apud Gentes maxime omnium tunc temporis, quum scriberetur illud, obtinuerat), immediate a Deo inspirata, ejusque cura et Providentia singulari per omnia huc usque secula pura et intaminata custodita, ea propter sunt authentica.⁸⁸¹⁸⁸¹Matt. v. 18. Adeo sane ut ad

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of religion the Church is finally to appeal unto them.⁸⁸²⁸⁸²Isa. viii. 20; Acts xv. 15; John v. 39, 46. But because these original tongues are not known to all the people of God who have right unto, and interest in the Scriptures, and are commanded, in the fear of God, to read and search them,⁸⁸³⁸⁸³John v. 39. therefore they are to be translated into the vulgar language of every nation unto which they come,⁸⁸⁴⁸⁸⁴1 Cor. xiv. 6, 9,11, 12, 24, 27, 28. that the Word of God dwelling plentifully in all, they may worship him in an acceptable manner,⁸⁸⁵⁸⁸⁵Col. iii. 16. and, through patience and comfort of the Scriptures, may have hope.⁸⁸⁶⁸⁸⁶Rom. xv. 4.	illa ultimo in omnibus de religione controversiis Ecclesia debeat appellare.⁸⁸⁷⁸⁸⁷Isa. viii. 20; Acts xv. 15; John v. 39, 46. Quoniam autem Originales istæ linguæ non sunt toti Dei populo intellectæ (Quorum tamen et jus est ut scripturas habeant, et interest plurimum, quique eas in timore Dei legere jubentur et perscrutari)⁸⁸⁸⁸⁸⁸John v. 39. proinde sunt in vulgarem cujusque Gentis, ad quam pervenerint linguam transferendæ,⁸⁸⁹⁸⁸⁹1 Cor. xiv. 6, 9,11, 12, 24, 27, 28. ut omnes, verbo Dei opulenter in ipsis habitante, Deum grato acceptoque modo colant,⁸⁹⁰⁸⁹⁰Col. iii. 16. et per patientiam ac consolationem Scripturarum spem habeant.⁸⁹¹⁸⁹¹Rom. xv.4.
IX. The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself; and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sense of any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it must⁸⁹²⁸⁹²[Am. ed. may.] be searched and known by other places that speak more clearly.⁸⁹³⁸⁹³2 Pet. i. 20, 21; Acts xv. 15; [Am. John v. 46.]	IX. Infallibilis Scripturam interpretandi regula est Scriptura ipsa. Quoties igitur cunque oritur quæstio de. vero plenoque Scripturæ cujusvis sensu (unicus ille est non multiplex), ex aliis locis, qui apertius loquuntur, est indagandus et cognoscendus.⁸⁹⁴⁸⁹⁴2 Pet. i. 20, 21; Acts xv. 15; [Am. John v. 46.]
X. The Supreme Judge, by which all controversies of religion are to be determined, and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are to rest, can	X. Supremus judex, a quo omnes de religione controversiæ sunt determinandæ, omnia Conciliorum decreta, opiniones Scriptorum Veterum, doctrinæ denique hominum, et privati quicunque Spiritus sunt examinandi, cujusque sententia tenemur

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Chapter II.	Cap. II.
be no other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture.⁸⁹⁵⁸⁹⁵Matt. xxii. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Acts xxviii. 25.	nemur acquiescere, nullus alius esse potest, præter Spiritum Sanctum in Scriptura pronunciantem.⁸⁹⁶⁸⁹⁶Matt. xxii. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Acts xxviii. 25.
Of God, and of the Holy Trinity.	De Deo et Sacro-sancta Trinitate.
I. There is but one only⁸⁹⁷⁸⁹⁷Deut. vi. 4; 1 Cor. viii. 4, 6. living and true God,⁸⁹⁸⁸⁹⁸1 Thess. i. 9; Jer. x. 10. who is infinite in being and perfection,⁸⁹⁹⁸⁹⁹Job xi. 7, 8, 9; xxvi. 14. a most pure spirit,⁹⁰⁰⁹⁰⁰John iv. 24. invisible,⁹⁰¹⁹⁰¹1 Tim. i. 17. without body, parts,⁹⁰²⁹⁰²Deut. iv. 15, 16; John iv. 24; Luke xxiv. 39. or passions,⁹⁰³⁹⁰³Acts xiv. 11, 15. immutable,⁹⁰⁴⁹⁰⁴James i. 17; Mal. iii. 6. immense,⁹⁰⁵⁹⁰⁵1 Kings viii. 27; Jer. xxiii. 23, 24. eternal,⁹⁰⁶⁹⁰⁶Psa. xc. 2; 1 Tim. i. 17. incomprehensible,⁹⁰⁷⁹⁰⁷Psa. cxlv. 3. almighty,⁹⁰⁸⁹⁰⁸Gen. xvii. 1; Rev. iv. 8. most wise,⁹⁰⁹⁹⁰⁹Rom. xvi. 27. most holy,⁹¹⁰⁹¹⁰Isa. vi. 3; Rev. iv. 8. most free,⁹¹¹⁹¹¹Psa. cxv. 3. most absolute,⁹¹²⁹¹²Exod. iii. 14. working all things according to the counsel of his own immutable and most righteous will,⁹¹³⁹¹³Eph. i. 11. for his own glory;⁹¹⁴⁹¹⁴Prov. xvi. 4; Rom. xi. 36; [Am. ed. Rev. iv. 11] . most loving,⁹¹⁵⁹¹⁵1 John iv. 8, 16. gracious, merciful, longsuffering, abundant in goodness and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin;⁹¹⁶⁹¹⁶Exod. xxxiv. 6, 7. the rewarder of them that diligently seek him;⁹¹⁷⁹¹⁷Heb. xi. 6. and withal most just and terrible in his judgments;⁹¹⁸⁹¹⁸Neh. ix. 32, 33.	I. Unus est unicusque,⁹¹⁹⁹¹⁹Deut. vi. 4; 1 Cor. viii. 4, 6. vivens ille et verus Deus:⁹²⁰⁹²⁰1 Thess. i. 9; Jer. x. 10. qui idem est essentia et perfectione infinitus,⁹²¹⁹²¹Job xi. 7, 8, 9; xxvi. 14. Spiritus purissimus,⁹²²⁹²²John iv. 24. invisibilis,⁹²³⁹²³1 Tim. i. 17. sine corpore, sine partibus,⁹²⁴⁹²⁴Deut. iv. 15, 16; John iv. 24; Luke xxiv. 39. sine passionibus,⁹²⁵⁹²⁵Acts xiv. 11, 15. immutabilis,⁹²⁶⁹²⁶James i. 17; Mal. iii. 6. immensus,⁹²⁷⁹²⁷1 Kings viii. 27; Jer. xxiii. 23, 24. æternus,⁹²⁸⁹²⁸Psa. xc. 2; 1 Tim. i. 17. incomprehensibilis,⁹²⁹⁹²⁹Psa. cxlv. 3. omnipotens,⁹³⁰⁹³⁰Gen. xvii. 1; Rev. iv. 8. summe sapiens,⁹³¹⁹³¹Rom. xvi. 27. summe sanctus,⁹³²⁹³²Isa. vi. 3; Rev. iv. 8. liberrimus,⁹³³⁹³³Psa. cxv. 3. maxime absolutus;⁹³⁴⁹³⁴Exod. iii. 14. operans omnia secundum consilium immutabilis suæ ac justissimæ voluntatis,⁹³⁵⁹³⁵Eph. i. 11. ad suam ipsius gloriam;⁹³⁶⁹³⁶Prov. xvi. 4; Rom. xi. 36; [Am. ed. Rev. iv. 11]. idemque summa benignitate,⁹³⁷⁹³⁷1 John iv. 8, 16. gratia, misericordia, et longanimitate; bonitate abundans et veritate; condonans iniquitatem, transgressionem et peccatum;⁹³⁸⁹³⁸Exod. xxxiv. 6, 7. studiose quærentium ipsum remunerator;⁹³⁹⁹³⁹Heb. xi. 6. sed et in judiciis suis justissimus idem ac tremendus maxime;⁹⁴⁰⁹⁴⁰Neh. ix. 32, 33.

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hating all sin,⁹⁴¹⁹⁴¹Psa. v. 5, 6. and who will by no means clear the guilty. .⁹⁴²⁹⁴²Nahum i. 2, 3; Exod. xxxiv. 7.	peccatum omne perosus,⁹⁴³⁹⁴³Psa. v. 5, 6. et qui sontem nullo unquam absolvet modo.⁹⁴⁴⁹⁴⁴Nahum i. 2, 3; Exod. xxxiv. 7.
II. God hath all life,⁹⁴⁵⁹⁴⁵John v. 26. glory,⁹⁴⁶⁹⁴⁶Acts vii. 2. goodness,⁹⁴⁷⁹⁴⁷Psa. cxix. 68. blessedness,⁹⁴⁸⁹⁴⁸1 Tim. vi. 15; Rom. ix. 5. in and of himself; and is alone in and unto himself allsufficient, not standing in need of any creatures which he hath made,⁹⁴⁹⁹⁴⁹Acts xvii. 24, 25. nor deriving any glory from them,⁹⁵⁰⁹⁵⁰Job xxii. 2, 23. but only manifesting his own glory in, by, unto, and upon them: he is the alone foundation of all being, of whom, through whom, and to whom are all things;⁹⁵¹⁹⁵¹Rom. xi. 36. and hath most sovereign dominion over them, to do by them, for them, or upon them whatsoever himself pleaseth.⁹⁵²⁹⁵²Rev. iv. 11; 1 Tim. vi. 15; Dan. iv. 25, 35. In his sight all things are open and manifest;⁹⁵³⁹⁵³Heb. iv. 13. his knowledge is infinite, infallible, and independent upon the creature;⁹⁵⁴⁹⁵⁴Rom. xi. 33, 34; Psa. cxlvii. 5. so as nothing is to him contingent or uncertain.⁹⁵⁵⁹⁵⁵Acts 15:18; Ezeck. xi. 5. He is most holy in all his counsels, in all his works, and in all his commands.⁹⁵⁶⁹⁵⁶Psa. cxlv. 17; Rom. vii. 12. To him is due from angels and men, and every other creature, whatsoever worship, service, or obedience, he is pleased to require of them.⁹⁵⁷⁹⁵⁷Rev. v. 12–14.	II. Omnem vitam,⁹⁵⁸⁹⁵⁸John v. 26. omnem gloriam,⁹⁵⁹⁹⁵⁹Acts vii. 2. bonitatem,⁹⁶⁰⁹⁶⁰Psa. cxix. 68. beatitudinemque⁹⁶¹⁹⁶¹1 Tim. vi. 15; Rom. ix. 5. omnem in sese habet et a seipso Deus; qui solus in se sibique est ad omnia sufficiens; creaturarum, quas ipse condidit, nullius egens,⁹⁶²⁹⁶²Acts xvii. 24, 25. nec gloriam ab eis derivans ullam,⁹⁶³⁹⁶³Job xxii. 2, 23. verum in iis, per eas, iis ipsis, ac super eas propriam ipsius gloriam tantummodo manifestans. Is omnis entitatis fans est unicus, a quo, per quem et ad quem omnia;⁹⁶⁴⁹⁶⁴Rom. xi. 36. summumque in ea dominium habet, ac per illa, pro illis, in illa pro suo arbitrio quidlibet agendi potestatem.⁹⁶⁵⁹⁶⁵Rev. iv. 11; 1 Tim. vi. 15; Dan. iv. 25, 35. In conspectu ejus aperta sunt omnia ac manifesta;⁹⁶⁶⁹⁶⁶Heb. iv. 13. scientia ejus infinita est, infallibilis, atque a creatura independens,⁹⁶⁷⁹⁶⁷Rom. xi. 33, 34; Psa. cxlvii. 5. adeo ut illi contingens incertumve nihil sit;⁹⁶⁸⁹⁶⁸Acts 15:18; Ezeck. xi. 5. in omnibus ejus consiliis, operibus et mandatis est sanctissimus.⁹⁶⁹⁹⁶⁹Psa. cxlv. 17; Rom. vii. 12. Quicquid cultus, quicquid officii, quicquid obsequii ab Angelis illi, ab hominibus, aut a quavis creatura exigere placet, id illi omne jure optimo debetur.⁹⁷⁰⁹⁷⁰Rev. v. 12–14.
III. In the unity of the Godhead	III. In Deitatis unitate personæ

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Chapter III.	Cap. III.
head there be three persons, of one substance, power, and eternity: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost.⁹⁷¹⁹⁷¹1 John v. 7; Matt. iii. 16, 17; xxviii. 19; 2 Cor. xiii. 14. The Father is of none, neither begotten nor proceeding; the Son is eternally begotten of the Father;⁹⁷²⁹⁷²John i. 14, 18. the Holy Ghost eternally proceeding from the Father and the Son.⁹⁷³⁹⁷³John xv. 26; Gal. iv. 6.	tres sunt unius ejusdemque essentiæ, potential ac æternitatis; Deus Pater, Deus Filius, ac Deus Spiritus Sanctus.⁹⁷⁴⁹⁷⁴1 John v. 7; Matt. iii. 16, 17; xxviii. 19; 2 Cor. xiii. 14. Pater quidem a nullo est, nec genitus nempe nec procedens: Filius autem a Patre est æterne genitus:⁹⁷⁵⁹⁷⁵John i. 14, 18. Spiritus autem Sanctus æterne procedens a Patre Filioque.⁹⁷⁶⁹⁷⁶John xv. 26; Gal. iv. 6.
Of God's Eternal Decree.⁹⁷⁷⁹⁷⁷[Am. ed. decrees.]	De æterno Dei Decreto.
I. God from all eternity did, by the most wise and holy counsel of his own will, freely and unchangeably ordain whatsoever comes to pass;⁹⁷⁸⁹⁷⁸Eph. i. 11; Rom. xi. 33; Heb. vi. 17; Rom. ix. 15,18. yet so as thereby neither is God the author of sin,⁹⁷⁹⁹⁷⁹James i. 13,17; 1 John i. 5; [Am. ed. Eccl. vii. 29]. nor is violence offered to the will of the creatures, nor is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather established.⁹⁸⁰⁹⁸⁰Acts ii. 23; Matt. xvii. 12; Acts iv. 27, 28; John xix. 11; Prov. xvi. 33.	I. Deus, e sapientissimo sanctissimoque consilio voluntatis suæ, libere ac immutabiliter, quicquid unquam evenit, ab omni æterno ordinavit;⁹⁸¹⁹⁸¹Eph. i. 11; Rom. xi. 33; Heb. vi. 17; Rom. ix. 15,18. ita tamen, id inde nec author peccati evadat Deus,⁹⁸²⁹⁸²James i. 13,17; 1 John i. 5; [Am. ed. Eccl. vii. 29]. nec voluntati creaturarum sit vis illata, neque libertas aut contingentia causarum secundarum ablata sit, verum potius stabilita.⁹⁸³⁹⁸³Acts ii. 23; Matt. xvii. 12; Acts iv. 27, 28; John xix. 11; Prov. xvi. 33.
II. Although God knows whatsoever may or can come to pass upon all supposed conditions,⁹⁸⁴⁹⁸⁴Acts xv. 18; 1 Sam. xxiii. 11, 12; Matt. xi. 21, 23. yet hath he not decreed any thing because he foresaw it as future, or as that which would come to pass upon such conditions.⁹⁸⁵⁹⁸⁵Rom. ix. 11,13,16,18.	II. Quamvis omnia cognoscat Deus, quæ suppositis quibusvis conditionibus sunt eventu possibilia;⁹⁸⁶⁹⁸⁶Acts xv. 18; 1 Sam. xxiii. 11, 12; Matt. xi. 21, 23. non tamen ideo quicquam decrevit quoniam illud præviderat aut futurum, aut positis talibus conditionibus eventurum.⁹⁸⁷⁹⁸⁷Rom. ix. 11,13,16,18.
III. By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory,	III. Deus, quo gloriam suam manifestaret, nonnullos hominum

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some men and angels⁹⁸⁸⁹⁸⁸1 Tim. v. 21; Matt. xxv. 41. are predestinated unto everlasting life, and others foreordained to everlasting death.⁹⁸⁹⁹⁸⁹Rom. ix. 22, 23; Eph. i. 5, 6; Prov. xvi. 4.	ac Angelorum⁹⁹⁰⁹⁹⁰1 Tim. v. 21; Matt. xxv. 41. decreto suo ad æternam vitam prædestinavit, alios autem ad mortem æternam præordinavit.⁹⁹¹⁹⁹¹Rom. ix. 22, 23; Eph. i. 5, 6; Prov. xvi. 4.
IV. These angels and men, thus predestinated and foreordained, are particularly and unchangeably designed; and their number is so certain and definite that it can not be either increased or diminished.⁹⁹²⁹⁹²2 Tim. ii. 19; John xiii. 18.	IV. prædestinati illi et præordinati homines Angelique, particulariter sunt ac immutabiliter designati, certusque illorum est ac definitus numerus, adeo ut nec augeri possit nec imminui.⁹⁹³⁹⁹³2 Tim. ii. 19; John xiii. 18.
V. Those of mankind that are predestinated unto life, God, before the foundation of the world was laid, according to his eternal and immutable purpose, and the secret counsel and good pleasure of his will, hath chosen in Christ, unto everlasting glory,⁹⁹⁴⁹⁹⁴Eph. i. 4, 9, 11; Rom. viii. 30; 2 Tim. i. 9; 1 Thess. v. 9. out of his mere free grace and love, without any foresight of faith or good works, or perseverance in either of them, or any other thing in the creature, as conditions, or causes moving him thereunto;⁹⁹⁵⁹⁹⁵Rom. ix. 11, 13, 16; Eph. i, 4, 9. and all to the praise of his glorious grace.⁹⁹⁶⁹⁹⁶Eph. i. 6, 12.	V. Qui ex humano genere sunt ad vitam prædestinati, illos Deus ante jacta mundi fundamenta, secundum æternum suum ac immutabile propositum, secretumque voluntatis suæ consilium et beneplacitum, elegit in Christo ad æternam gloriam,⁹⁹⁷⁹⁹⁷Eph. i. 4, 9, 11; Rom. viii. 30; 2 Tim. i. 9; 1 Thess. v. 9. idque ex amore suo et gratia mere gratuita; nec fide, nec bonis operibus, nec in his illave perseverantia, sed neque ulla alia re in creatura, prævisis, ipsum tanquam causis aut conditionibus ad id moventibus;⁹⁹⁸⁹⁹⁸Rom. ix. 11, 13, 16; Eph. i, 4, 9. quo totum nempe in laudem cederet gloriosæ suæ gratiæ.⁹⁹⁹⁹⁹⁹Eph. i. 6, 12.
VI. As God hath appointed the elect unto glory, so hath he, by the eternal and most free purpose of his will, foreordained all the means thereunto.¹⁰⁰⁰¹⁰⁰⁰1 Pet. i. 2; Eph. i. 4, 5; ii. 10; 2 Thess. ii. 13. Wherefore they who are elected, being fallen in	VI. Quemadmodum autem Deus electos ad gloriam destinavit, sic omnia etiam quibus illam consequantur media præordinavit, voluntatis suæ proposito æterno simul et liberrimo.¹⁰⁰¹¹⁰⁰¹1 Pet. i. 2; Eph. i. 4, 5; ii. 10; 2 Thess. ii. 13. Quapropter electi, postquam

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Adam, are redeemed by Christ,¹⁰⁰²¹⁰⁰²1 Thess. v. 9, 10; Tit. ii. 14. are effectually called unto faith in Christ by his Spirit working in due season; are justified, adopted, sanctified,¹⁰⁰³¹⁰⁰³Rom. viii. 30; Eph. i. 5; 2 Thess. ii. 13. and kept by his power through faith unto salvation.¹⁰⁰⁴¹⁰⁰⁴1 Pet. i. 5. Neither are any other redeemed by Christ, effectually called, justified, adopted, sanctified, and saved, but the elect only.¹⁰⁰⁵¹⁰⁰⁵John xvii. 9; Rom. viii. 28 to the end; John vi. 64, 65; viii. 47; x. 26; 1 John ii. 19.	lapsi essent in Adamo, a Christo sunt redempti;¹⁰⁰⁶¹⁰⁰⁶1 Thess. v. 9, 10; Tit. ii. 14. per Spiritum ejus opportuno tempore operantem, ad fidem in Christum vocantur efficaciter; justificantur, sanctificantur,¹⁰⁰⁷¹⁰⁰⁷Rom. viii. 30; Eph. i. 5; 2 Thess. ii. 13. et potentia ipsius per fidem custodiuntur ad salutem.¹⁰⁰⁸¹⁰⁰⁸1 Pet. i. 5. Nec alii quivis a Christo redimuntur, vocantur efficaciter justificantur, adoptantur, sanctificantur et salvantur, præter electos solos.¹⁰⁰⁹¹⁰⁰⁹John xvii. 9; Rom. viii. 28 to the end; John vi. 64, 65; viii. 47; x. 26; 1 John ii. 19.
VII. The rest of mankind God was pleased, according to the unsearchable counsel of his own will, whereby he extendeth or withholdeth mercy as he pleaseth, for the glory of his sovereign power over his creatures, to pass by, and to ordain them to dishonor and wrath for their sin, to the praise of his glorious justice.¹⁰¹⁰¹⁰¹⁰Matt. xi. 25, 26; Rom. ix. 17, 18, 21, 22; 2 Tim. ii. 19, 20; Jude 4; 1 Pet. ii. 8.	VII. Reliquos humani generis Deo placuit secundum consilium voluntatis suæ inscrutabile {quo misericordiam pro libitu exhibet abstinetve) in gloriam supremæ suæ in creaturas potestatis, præterire; eosque ordinare ad ignominiam et iram pro peccatis suis, ad laudem justitiæ suæ gloriosæ.¹⁰¹¹¹⁰¹¹Matt. xi. 25, 26; Rom. ix. 17, 18, 21, 22; 2 Tim. ii. 19, 20; Jude 4; 1 Pet. ii. 8.
VIII. The doctrine of this high mystery of predestination is to be handled with special prudence and care,¹⁰¹²¹⁰¹²Rom. ix. 20; xi. 33; Deut. xxix. 29. that men attending the will of God revealed in his Word, and yielding obedience thereunto, may, from the certainty of their effectual vocation, be assured of their eternal election.¹⁰¹³¹⁰¹³2 Pet. i. 10. So shall this doctrine afford matter of praise, reverence, and admiration of God;¹⁰¹⁴¹⁰¹⁴Eph. i. 6; Rom. xi. 33. and of humility, diligence, and abundant consolation	VIII. Doctrina de sublimi hoc prædestinationis mysterio non sine summa cura et prudentia tractari debet,¹⁰¹⁵¹⁰¹⁵Rom. ix. 20; xi. 33; Deut. xxix. 29. quo nimirum homines, dum voluntati Dei in verbo ejus revelatæ advertant animos, eique debitam exhibeant obedientiam, de efficaci sua vocatione certiores facti, ad æternæ suæ electionis assurgere possint certitudinem.¹⁰¹⁶¹⁰¹⁶2 Pet. i. 10. Ita demum suppeditabit hæc doctrina laudandi, reverendi, admirandique Deum argumentum,¹⁰¹⁷¹⁰¹⁷Eph. i. 6; Rom. xi. 33. quin etiam humilitatis,

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Chapter IV.	Cap. IV.
to all that sincerely obey the gospel.¹⁰¹⁸¹⁰¹⁸Rom. xi. 5, 6, 20; 2 Pet. i. 10; Rom. viii. 33; Luke x. 20.	diligentiæ et consolationis copiosæ omnibus sincere obedientibus evangelio.¹⁰¹⁹¹⁰¹⁹Rom. xi. 5, 6, 20; 2 Pet. i. 10; Rom. viii. 33; Luke x. 20.
Of Creation.	De Creatione.
I. It pleased God the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost,¹⁰²⁰¹⁰²⁰Heb. i. 2; John i. 2, 3; Gen. i. 2; Job xxvi. 13; xxxiii. 4. for the manifestation of the glory of his eternal power, wisdom, and goodness,¹⁰²¹¹⁰²¹Rom. i. 20; Jer. x. 12; Psa. civ. 24; xxxiii. 5, 6. in the beginning, to create or make of nothing the world, and all things therein, whether visible or invisible, in the space of six days, and all very good.¹⁰²²¹⁰²²Gen. ch. i.; Heb. xi. 3; Col. i. 16; Acts xvii. 24.	I. Deo, Patri, Filio et Spiritui sancto, complacitum est,¹⁰²³¹⁰²³Heb. i. 2; John i. 2, 3; Gen. i. 2; Job xxvi. 13; xxxiii. 4. quo æternæ suæ cum potentiæ tum sapientiæ bonitatisque gloriam manifestaret,¹⁰²⁴¹⁰²⁴Rom. i. 20; Jer. x. 12; Psa. civ. 24; xxxiii. 5, 6. mundum hunc, et quæ in eo continentur universa tam visibilla quam invisibilia, in principio intra sex dierum spatium creare, seu ex nihilo condere, atque omnia quidem bona valde.¹⁰²⁵¹⁰²⁵Gen. ch. i.; Heb. xi. 3; Col. i. 16; Acts xvii. 24.
II. After God had made all other creatures, he created man, male and female,¹⁰²⁶¹⁰²⁶Gen. i. 27. with reasonable and immortal souls,¹⁰²⁷¹⁰²⁷Gen. ii. 7; Eccles. xii. 7; Luke xxiii. 43; Matt. x. 28. endued with knowledge, righteousness, and true holiness, after his own image,¹⁰²⁸¹⁰²⁸Gen. i. 26; Col. iii. 10; Eph. iv. 24. having the law of God written in their hearts,¹⁰²⁹¹⁰²⁹Rom. ii. 14, 15. and power to fulfill it;¹⁰³⁰¹⁰³⁰Eccles. vii. 29. and yet under a possibility of transgressing, being left to the liberty of their own will, which was subject unto change.¹⁰³¹¹⁰³¹Gen. iii. 6; Eccles. vii. 29. Beside this law written in their hearts, they received a command not to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good	II. Postquam omnes alias creaturas condidisset Deus, creavit hominem marem et fœminam,¹⁰³²¹⁰³²Gen. i. 27. animabus inditis rationalibus ac immortalibus,¹⁰³³¹⁰³³Gen. ii. 7; Eccles. xii. 7; Luke xxiii. 43; Matt. x. 28. imbutos cognitione, justitia, veraque sanctitate, ad suam ipsius imaginem,¹⁰³⁴¹⁰³⁴Gen. i. 26; Col. iii. 10; Eph. iv. 24. habentes in cordibus suis inscriptam Divinam legem,¹⁰³⁵¹⁰³⁵Rom. ii. 14, 15. simul et eandem implendi vires;¹⁰³⁶¹⁰³⁶Eccles. vii. 29. non tamen sine quadam violandi possibilitate; libertati siquidem permissi erant voluntatis suæ haud immutabilis.¹⁰³⁷¹⁰³⁷Gen. iii. 6; Eccles. vii. 29. Præter autem hanc in cordibus eorum inscriptam legem de non comedendo ex arbore scientiæ boni malique

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Chapter V.	Cap. V.
and evil; which while they kept they were happy in their communion with God,¹⁰³⁸¹⁰³⁸Gen. ii. 27; iii. 8–11, 23. and had dominion over the creatures.¹⁰³⁹¹⁰³⁹Gen. i. 26, 28; [Am. ed. Psa. viii. 6–8].	mandatum insuper acceperunt; quod certe quam diu observabant, communione Dei beati erant,¹⁰⁴⁰¹⁰⁴⁰Gen. ii. 27; iii. 8–11, 23. dominiumque habebant in creaturas.¹⁰⁴¹¹⁰⁴¹Gen. i. 26, 28; [Am. ed. Psa. viii. 6–8].
Of Providence.	De Providentia.
God, the great Creator of all things, doth uphold,¹⁰⁴²¹⁰⁴²Heb. i. 3. direct, dispose, and govern all creatures, actions, and things,¹⁰⁴³¹⁰⁴³Dan. iv. 34, 35; Psa. cxxxv. 6; Acts xvii. 25, 26, 28; Job, chaps. xxxviii. xxxix. xl. xli. from the greatest even to the least,¹⁰⁴⁴¹⁰⁴⁴Matt. x. 29–31; [Am. ed. Matt. vi. 26, 30]. by his most wise and holy providence,¹⁰⁴⁵¹⁰⁴⁵Prov. xv. 3; [Am. ed. 2 Chron. xvi. 9]; Psa. civ. 24; cxlv. 17. according to his infallible foreknowledge¹⁰⁴⁶¹⁰⁴⁶Acts xv. 18; Psa. xciv. 8–11. and the free and immutable counsel of his own will,¹⁰⁴⁷¹⁰⁴⁷Eph. i. 11; Psa. xxxiii. 10, 11. to the praise of the glory of his wisdom, power, justice, goodness, and mercy.¹⁰⁴⁸¹⁰⁴⁸Isa. lxiii. 14; Eph. iii. 10; Rom. ix. 17; Gen. xlv. 7; Psa. cxlv. 7.	I. Magnus ille rerum omnium creator Deus sapientissima sua et sanctissima simul providentia¹⁰⁴⁹¹⁰⁴⁹Heb. i. 3. creaturas, actiones, resque¹⁰⁵⁰¹⁰⁵⁰Dan. iv. 34, 35; Psa. cxxxv. 6; Acts xvii. 25, 26, 28; Job, chaps. xxxviii. xxxix. xl. xli. a maximis usque ad minimas¹⁰⁵¹¹⁰⁵¹Matt. x. 29–31; [Am. ed. Matt. vi. 26, 30]. universas sustentat,¹⁰⁵²¹⁰⁵²Prov. xv. 3; [Am. ed. 2 Chron. xvi. 9]; Psa. civ. 24; cxlv. 17. dirigit, ordinat, gubernatque secundum infallibilem suam præscientiam,¹⁰⁵³¹⁰⁵³Acts xv. 18; Psa. xciv. 8–11. et voluntatis suæ consilium liberum ac immutabile,¹⁰⁵⁴¹⁰⁵⁴Eph. i. 11; Psa. xxxiii. 10, 11. ad laudem gloriæ sapientiæ suæ, potentiæ, justitiæ, bonitatis, ac misericordiæ.¹⁰⁵⁵¹⁰⁵⁵Isa. lxiii. 14; Eph. iii. 10; Rom. ix. 17; Gen. xlv. 7; Psa. cxlv. 7.
II. Although in relation to the foreknowledge and decree of God, the first cause, all things come to pass immutably and infallibly,¹⁰⁵⁶¹⁰⁵⁶Acts ii. 23. yet by the same providence he ordereth them to fall out, according to the nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or contingently.¹⁰⁵⁷¹⁰⁵⁷Gen. viii. 22; Jer. xxxi. 35; Exod. xxi. 13; Deut. xix. 5; 1 Kings xxii. 28, 34; Isa. x. 6, 7.	II. Quamvis respectu præscientiæ ac decreti Dei (causæ primæ) omnia immutabiliter atque infallibiliter eveniant,¹⁰⁵⁸¹⁰⁵⁸Acts ii. 23. per eandem tamen ille providentiam eadem ordinat evenire necessario, libere, aut contingenter, pro natura causarum secundarum.¹⁰⁵⁹¹⁰⁵⁹Gen. viii. 22; Jer. xxxi. 35; Exod. xxi. 13; Deut. xix. 5; 1 Kings xxii. 28, 34; Isa. x. 6, 7.
III. God, in his ordinary providence, maketh use of means,¹⁰⁶⁰¹⁰⁶⁰Acts xxvii. 31, 44; Isa. lv. 10, 11; Hos. ii. 21, 22. yet is free to work without,¹⁰⁶¹¹⁰⁶¹Hos. i. 7; Matt. iv. 4; Job xxxiv. 10.	III. Deus in providentia sua ordinaria mediis utitur,¹⁰⁶²¹⁰⁶²Acts xxvii. 31, 44; Isa. lv. 10, 11; Hos. ii. 21, 22. iis tamen non astringitur, quo minus absque eis,¹⁰⁶³¹⁰⁶³Hos. i. 7; Matt. iv. 4; Job xxxiv. 10.

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above,¹⁰⁶⁴¹⁰⁶⁴Rom. iv. 19–21. and against them, at his pleasure.¹⁰⁶⁵¹⁰⁶⁵2 Kings vi. 6; Dan. iii. 27.	supra¹⁰⁶⁶¹⁰⁶⁶Rom. iv. 19–21. aut etiam contra ea pro arbitrio suo operetur.¹⁰⁶⁷¹⁰⁶⁷2 Kings vi. 6; Dan. iii. 27.
IV. The almighty power, unsearchable wisdom, and infinite goodness of God so far manifest themselves in his providence that it extendeth itself even to the first fall, and all other sins of angels and men,¹⁰⁶⁸¹⁰⁶⁸Rom. xi. 32–34; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1; 1 Chron. xxi. 1; 1 Kings xxii. 22, 23; 1 Chron. x. 4, 13, 14; 2 Sam. xvi. 10; Acts ii. 23; iv. 27, 28. and that not by a bare permission,¹⁰⁶⁹¹⁰⁶⁹Acts xiv. 16. but such as hath joined with it a most wise and powerful bounding,¹⁰⁷⁰¹⁰⁷⁰Psa. lxxvi. 10; 2 Kings xix. 28. and otherwise ordering and governing of them, in a manifold dispensation, to his own holy ends;¹⁰⁷¹¹⁰⁷¹Gen. l. 20; Isa. x. 6, 7, 12. yet so as the sinfulness thereof proceedeth only from the creature, and not from God; who, being most holy and righteous, neither is nor can be the author or approver of sin.¹⁰⁷²¹⁰⁷²1 James i. 13, 14, 17; 1 John. ii. 16; Psa. l. 21.	IV. Omnipotentem Dei potentiam, sapientiam inscrutabilem, bonitatemque infinitam providentia ejus eo usque manifestat, ut vel ad primum lapsum, omniaque reliqua peccata, seu hominum sint sive angelorum, se extendat;¹⁰⁷³¹⁰⁷³Rom. xi. 32–34; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1; 1 Chron. xxi. 1; 1 Kings xxii. 22, 23; 1 Chron. x. 4, 13, 14; 2 Sam. xvi. 10; Acts ii. 23; iv. 27, 28. neque id quidem permissione nuda,¹⁰⁷⁴¹⁰⁷⁴Acts xiv. 16. verum cui conjuncta est sapientissima potentissimaque eorum limitatio,¹⁰⁷⁵¹⁰⁷⁵Psa. lxxvi. 10; 2 Kings xix. 28. ac aliusmodi ad sanctos sibi propositos fines dispensatione multiplici ordinatio et gubernatio;¹⁰⁷⁶¹⁰⁷⁶Gen. l. 20; Isa. x. 6, 7, 12. ita tamen ut omnis eorum vitiositas a sola proveniat creatura, a Deo neutiquam, qui sanctissimus quum sit justissimusque neque est, nec esse quidem potest peccati autor aut approbator.¹⁰⁷⁷¹⁰⁷⁷1 James i. 13, 14, 17; 1 John. ii. 16; Psa. l. 21.
V. The most wise, righteous, and gracious God doth oftentimes leave for a season his own children to manifold temptations and the corruption of their own hearts, to chastise them for their former sins, or to discover unto them the hidden strength of corruption and deceitfulness of their hearts, that they may be humbled;¹⁰⁷⁸¹⁰⁷⁸2 Chron. xxxii. 25, 26, 31; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1. and to raise them to a more close and constant	V. Sapientissimus, justissimus, et gratiosissimus idem Deus, sæpenumero filios suos tentationibus multifariis, suorumque cordium corruptioni ad tempus permittit; quo ob admissa prius peccata castiget eos, vel corruptionis iis detegat vim occultam, cordiumque suorum fraudulentiam ut humilientur;¹⁰⁷⁹¹⁰⁷⁹2 Chron. xxxii. 25, 26, 31; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1. quoque eos excitet ad strictam magis et constantem a seipso proferendis suppetiis

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dependence for their support unto¹⁰⁸⁰¹⁰⁸⁰[Am. ed. upon.] himself, and to make them more watchful against all future occasions of sin, and for sundry other just and holy ends.¹⁰⁸¹¹⁰⁸¹2 Cor. xii. 7–9; Psa. lxxiii. throughout; lxxvii. 1–10, 12; Mark xiv. 66 to the end; John xxi. 15–17.	dependentiam; Quo denique adversus onmes occasiones peccati de futuro reddat cautiores. Sed et ob alios etiam varios fines, justos sanctosque sibi propositos.¹⁰⁸²¹⁰⁸²2 Cor. xii. 7–9; Psa. lxxiii. throughout; lxxvii. 1–10, 12; Mark xiv. 66 to the end; John xxi. 15–17.
VI. As for those wicked and ungodly men whom God, as a righteous judge, for former sins, doth blind and harden,¹⁰⁸³¹⁰⁸³Rom. i. 24, 26, 28; xi. 7, 8. from them he not only withholdeth his grace, whereby they might have been enlightened in their understandings and wrought upon in their hearts,¹⁰⁸⁴¹⁰⁸⁴Deut. xxix. 4. but sometimes also withdraweth the gifts which they had,¹⁰⁸⁵¹⁰⁸⁵Matt. xiii. 12; xxv. 29. and exposeth them to such objects as their corruption makes occasion of sin;¹⁰⁸⁶¹⁰⁸⁶Deut. ii. 30; 2 Kings viii. 12, 13. and withal, gives them over to their own lusts, the temptations of the world, and the power of Satan;¹⁰⁸⁷¹⁰⁸⁷Psa. lxxxi. 11, 12; 2 Thess. ii. 10–12. whereby it comes to pass that they harden themselves, even under those means which God useth for the softening of others.¹⁰⁸⁸¹⁰⁸⁸Exod. vii. 3; viii. 15, 32; 2 Cor. ii. 15, 16; Isa. viii. 14; 1 Pet. ii. 7, 8; Isa. vi. 9, 10; Acts xxviii. 26, 27.	VI. Quod scelestos illos spectat impiosque homines, quos Deus, ut justus judex, ob peccata præcedentia excæcat induratque;¹⁰⁸⁹¹⁰⁸⁹Rom. i. 24, 26, 28; xi. 7, 8. eis ille non solum gratiam suam non impertit, qua ipsis cum illuminari intellectus, tum affici corda potuissent;¹⁰⁹⁰¹⁰⁹⁰Deut. xxix. 4. sed interdum subtrahit eis quibus imbuti erant dona,¹⁰⁹¹¹⁰⁹¹Matt. xiii. 12; xxv. 29. et ipsos exponit illiusmodi objectis, unde corruptio eorum arripit sibi peccandi occasiones;¹⁰⁹²¹⁰⁹²Deut. ii. 30; 2 Kings viii. 12, 13. simulque tradit eos suis ipsorum concupiscentiis et tentationibus mundi, et potestati Satanæ;¹⁰⁹³¹⁰⁹³Psa. lxxxi. 11, 12; 2 Thess. ii. 10–12. ex quo fit ut seipsos ipsi indurent, et quidem sub iisdem mediis quibus utitur Deus ad alios emolliendos.¹⁰⁹⁴¹⁰⁹⁴Exod. vii. 3; viii. 15, 32; 2 Cor. ii. 15, 16; Isa. viii. 14; 1 Pet. ii. 7, 8; Isa. vi. 9, 10; Acts xxviii. 26, 27.
VII. As the providence of God doth, in general, reach to all creatures, so, after a most special manner, it taketh care of his Church, and disposeth all things to the good thereof.¹⁰⁹⁵¹⁰⁹⁵1 Tim. iv. 10; Amos ix. 8, 9; Rom. viii 28; Isa. xliii. 3–5,14.	VII. Providentia Dei sicut ad omnes creaturas universali modo se extendit; ita modo plane peculiari Ecclesiæ suæ curam gerit, ac in ejus bonum disponit universa.¹⁰⁹⁶¹⁰⁹⁶1 Tim. iv. 10; Amos ix. 8, 9; Rom. viii 28; Isa. xliii. 3–5,14.

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Chapter VI.	Cap. VI.
Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment thereof.	De hominis lapsu, de peccato ejusque pœna.
I. Our first parents, being seduced by the subtilty and temptation of Satan, sinned in eating the forbidden fruit.¹⁰⁹⁷¹⁰⁹⁷Gen. iii. 13; 2 Cor. xi. 3. This their sin God was pleased, according to his wise and holy counsel, to permit, having purposed to order it to his own glory.¹⁰⁹⁸¹⁰⁹⁸Rom. xi. 32.	I. Primi parentes, Satanæ subtilitate ac tentatione seducti, fructus vetiti esu peccaverunt.¹⁰⁹⁹¹⁰⁹⁹Gen. iii. 13; 2 Cor. xi. 3. Hoc eorum peccatum secundum sapiens suum sanctumque consilium Deo placuit permittere, non sine proposito illud ad suam ipsius gloriam ordinandi.¹¹⁰⁰¹¹⁰⁰Rom. xi. 32.
II. By this sin they fell from their original righteousness and communion with God,¹¹⁰¹¹¹⁰¹Gen. iii. 6–8; Eccles. vii. 29; Rom. iii. 23. and so became dead in sin,¹¹⁰²¹¹⁰²Gen. ii. 17; Eph. ii. 1; [Am. ed. Rom. v. 12]. and wholly defiled in all the faculties and parts of soul and body.¹¹⁰³¹¹⁰³Tit. i. 15; Gen. vi. 5; Jer. xvii. 9; Rom. iii. 10–19.	II. Hoc illi peccato, justitia sua originali et communione cum Deo exciderunt;¹¹⁰⁴¹¹⁰⁴Gen. iii. 6–8; Eccles. vii. 29; Rom. iii. 23. itaque facti sunt in peccato mortui,¹¹⁰⁵¹¹⁰⁵Gen. ii. 17; Eph. ii. 1; [Am. ed. Rom. v. 12]. atque in omnibus facultatibus ac partibus animæ corporisque penitus contaminati.¹¹⁰⁶¹¹⁰⁶Tit. i. 15; Gen. vi. 5; Jer. xvii. 9; Rom. iii. 10–19.
III. They being the root of all mankind,¹¹⁰⁷¹¹⁰⁷Gen. i. 27, 28; ii. 16, 17; Acts xvii. 26; Rom. v. 12, 15–19; 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22, 45, 49. the guilt of this sin was imputed, and the same death in sin and corrupted nature conveyed to all their posterity descending from them by ordinary generation.¹¹⁰⁸¹¹⁰⁸Psa. li. 5; Gen. v. 3; Job xiv. 4; xv. 14.	III. Quumque illi fuerint radix totius humani¹¹⁰⁹¹¹⁰⁹Gen. i. 27, 28; ii. 16, 17; Acts xvii. 26; Rom. v. 12, 15–19; 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22, 45, 49. generis, hujusce peccati reatus fuit imputatus, eademque in peccato mors ac natura corrupta propagata, omnibus illorum posteris, quotquot ab iis ordinaria quidem generatione procreantur.¹¹¹⁰¹¹¹⁰Psa. li. 5; Gen. v. 3; Job xiv. 4; xv. 14.
IV. From this original corruption, whereby we are utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite to all good,¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹Rom. v. 6; vii. 18; viii. 7; Col. i. 21; [Am. ed. John iii. 6]. and wholly inclined to all evil,¹¹¹²¹¹¹²Gen. vi. 5; viii. 21; Rom. iii. 10–12. do proceed all actual transgressions.¹¹¹³¹¹¹³James i. 14, 15; Eph. ii. 2, 3; Matt. xv. 19.	IV. Ab hac originali labe (qua ad omne bonum facti sumus inhabiles prorsus ac impotentes, eique plane oppositi,¹¹¹⁴¹¹¹⁴Rom. v. 6; vii. 18; viii. 7; Col. i. 21; [Am. ed. John iii. 6]. ad malum autem omne proclives penitus)¹¹¹⁵¹¹¹⁵Gen. vi. 5; viii. 21; Rom. iii. 10–12. proveniunt omnia peccata actualia.¹¹¹⁶¹¹¹⁶James i. 14, 15; Eph. ii. 2, 3; Matt. xv. 19.
V. This corruption of nature,	V. Hæc naturæ corruptio durante

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Chapter VII.	Cap. VII.
during this life, doth remain in those that are regenerated;¹¹¹⁷¹¹¹⁷1 John i. 8, 10; Rom. vii. 14, 17, 18, 23; James iii. 2; Prov. xx. 9; Eccles. vii. 20. and although it be through Christ pardoned and mortified, yet both itself and all the motions thereof are truly and properly sin.¹¹¹⁸¹¹¹⁸Rom. vii. 5, 7, 8, 25; Gal. v. 17.	hac vita manet etiam in regenitis;¹¹¹⁹¹¹¹⁹1 John i. 8, 10; Rom. vii. 14, 17, 18, 23; James iii. 2; Prov. xx. 9; Eccles. vii. 20. et quamvis per Christum et condonata sit et mortificata; nihilo minus tam ipsa, quam ejus motus universi vere sunt ac proprie peccata.¹¹²⁰¹¹²⁰Rom. vii. 5, 7, 8, 25; Gal. v. 17.
VI. Every sin, both original and actual, being a transgression of the righteous law of God, and contrary thereunto,¹¹²¹¹¹²¹1 John iii. 4. doth, in its own nature, bring guilt upon the sinner,¹¹²²¹¹²²Rom. ii. 15; iii. 9, 19. whereby he is bound over to the wrath of God¹¹²³¹¹²³Eph. ii. 3. and curse of the law,¹¹²⁴¹¹²⁴Gal. iii. 10. and so made subject to death,¹¹²⁵¹¹²⁵Rom. vi. 23. with all miseries spiritual,¹¹²⁶¹¹²⁶Eph. iv. 18. temporal,¹¹²⁷¹¹²⁷Rom. viii. 20; Lam. iii. 39. and eternal.¹¹²⁸¹¹²⁸Matt. xxv. 41; 2 Thess. i. 9.	VI. Peccatum omne cum originale tum actuale, quum justæ Dei legis transgressio sit eique contraria,¹¹²⁹¹¹²⁹1 John iii. 4. peccatori suapte natura reatum infert,¹¹³⁰¹¹³⁰Rom. ii. 15; iii. 9, 19. quo ad iram Dei,¹¹³¹¹¹³¹Eph. ii. 3. ac maledictionem legis¹¹³²¹¹³²Gal. iii. 10. subeundam obligatur, adeoque redditur obnoxius morti¹¹³³¹¹³³Rom. vi. 23. simul et miseriis omnibus spiritualibus,¹¹³⁴¹¹³⁴Eph. iv. 18. temporalibus,¹¹³⁵¹¹³⁵Rom. viii. 20; Lam. iii. 39. ac æternis.¹¹³⁶¹¹³⁶10 Matt. xxv. 41; 2 Thess. i. 9.
Of God's Covenant with Man.	De fœdere Dei cum nomine.
I. The distance between God and the creature is so great that although reasonable creatures do owe obedience unto him as their Creator, yet they could never have any fruition of him as their blessedness and reward but by some voluntary condescension on God's part, which he hath been pleased to express by way of covenant.¹¹³⁷¹¹³⁷Isa. xl. 13–17; Job ix. 32, 33; 1 Sam. ii. 25; Psa. c. 2, 3; cxiii. 5, 6; Job xxii. 2, 3; xxxv. 7, 8; Luke xvii. 10; Acts xvii. 24, 25.	I. Tanta est inter deum et creaturam distantia, ut licet creaturæ rationales obedientiam illi ut creatori suo debeant, nullam tamen fruitionem ejus tanquam suæ beatitudinis ac præmii habere unquam potuissent, ni voluntaria fuisset aliqua ex parte Dei condescentio; quam ipsi exprimere placuit icto fœdere.¹¹³⁸¹¹³⁸Isa. xl. 13–17; Job ix. 32, 33; 1 Sam. ii. 25; Psa. c. 2, 3; cxiii. 5, 6; Job xxii. 2, 3; xxxv. 7, 8; Luke xvii. 10; Acts xvii. 24, 25.
II. The first covenant made with	II. Primum fœdus cum hominibus

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man was a covenant of works,¹¹³⁹¹¹³⁹Gal. iii. 12; [Am. ed. Hos. vi. 7; Gen. ii. 16, 17]. wherein life was promised to Adam, and in him to his posterity,¹¹⁴⁰¹¹⁴⁰Rom. v. 12–20; x. 5. upon condition of perfect and personal obedience.¹¹⁴¹¹¹⁴¹Gen. ii. 17; Gal. iii. 10.	initum erat fœdus operum,¹¹⁴²¹¹⁴²Gal. iii. 12; [Am. ed. Hos. vi. 7; Gen. ii. 16, 17]. quo vita Adamo promissa erat, ejusque in eo posteris,¹¹⁴³¹¹⁴³Rom. v. 12–20; x. 5. sub conditione obedientiæ perfectæ ac personalis.¹¹⁴⁴¹¹⁴⁴Gen. ii. 17; Gal. iii. 10.
III. Man by his fall having made himself incapable of life by that covenant, the Lord was pleased to make a second,¹¹⁴⁵¹¹⁴⁵Gal. iii. 21; Rom. iii. 20, 21; viii. 3; Gen. iii. 15; Isa. xlii. 6. commonly called the covenant of grace: wherein he freely offered unto sinners life and salvation by Jesus Christ, requiring of them faith in him that they may be saved,¹¹⁴⁶¹¹⁴⁶5 Mark xvi. 15, 16; John iii. 16; Rom. x. 6, 9; Gal. iii. 11. and promising to give unto all those that are ordained unto life his Holy Spirit, to make them willing and able to believe.¹¹⁴⁷¹¹⁴⁷Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27; John vi. 44, 45; [Am. ed. v. 37].	III. Quum autem homo lapsu suo omnem sibi præstruxisset ad vitam aditum per illud fœdus, complacuit Domino secundum inire,¹¹⁴⁸¹¹⁴⁸Gal. iii. 21; Rom. iii. 20, 21; viii. 3; Gen. iii. 15; Isa. xlii. 6. quod vulgo dicimus Fœdus Gratiæ; in quo peccatoribus offert gratuito vitam ac salutem per Jesum Christum, fidem in illum ab iis requirens ut salventur;¹¹⁴⁹¹¹⁴⁹5 Mark xvi. 15, 16; John iii. 16; Rom. x. 6, 9; Gal. iii. 11. promittensque omnibus qui ad vitam ordinantur se spiritum suum sanctum daturum, qui in illis operetur credendi cum voluntatem tum potentiam.¹¹⁵⁰¹¹⁵⁰Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27; John vi. 44, 45; [Am. ed. v. 37].
IV. This covenant of grace is frequently set forth in the Scripture by the name of a testament, in reference to the death of Jesus Christ the testator, and to the everlasting inheritance, with all things belonging to it, therein bequeathed.¹¹⁵¹¹¹⁵¹Heb. ix. 15–17; vii. 22; Luke xxii. 20; 1 Cor. xi. 25.	IV. Hoc fœdus Gratiæ in Scriptura sæpe nomine Testamenti indigitatur, respectu nimirum mortis Testatoris Jesu Christi, æternæque illius hæreditatis, quam is una cum omnibus eam spectantibus inibi legabat.¹¹⁵²¹¹⁵²Heb. ix. 15–17; vii. 22; Luke xxii. 20; 1 Cor. xi. 25.
V. This covenant was differently administered in the time of the law and in the time of the gospel:¹¹⁵³¹¹⁵³2 Cor. iii. 6–9. under the law it was administered by promises, prophecies,	V. Hoc fœdus sub Lege atque sub Evangelio administratum est modo alio atque alio.¹¹⁵⁴¹¹⁵⁴2 Cor. iii. 6–9. Sub Lege quidem per promissiones, prophetias et sacrificia, per circumcisionem, agnum

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sacrifices, circumcision, the paschal lamb, and other types and ordinances delivered to the people of the Jews, all fore-signifying Christ to come,¹¹⁵⁵¹¹⁵⁵Heb., chaps. viii. ix. x.; Rom. iv. 11; Col. ii. 11,12; 1 Cor. v. 7; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. which were for that time sufficient and efficacious, through the operation of the Spirit, to instruct and build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah,¹¹⁵⁶¹¹⁵⁶1 Cor. x. 1–4; Heb. xi. 13; John viii. 56. by whom they had full remission of sins and eternal salvation; and is called the Old Testament.¹¹⁵⁷¹¹⁵⁷;Gal. iii. 7–9, 14.

pascalem, aliosque typos ac instituta populo Judaico tradita, quæ omnia Venturum Christum præsignificabant;¹¹⁵⁸¹¹⁵⁸Heb., chaps. viii. ix. x.; Rom. iv. 11; Col. ii. 11,12; 1 Cor. v. 7; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. erantque pro ratione illorum temporum sufficientia, et per operationem spiritus efficacia ad electos instruendum ac ædificandum in fide in promissum Messiam,¹¹⁵⁹¹¹⁵⁹1 Cor. x. 1–4; Heb. xi. 13; John viii. 56. per quem plenum peccatorum remissionem et salutem æternam sunt consecuti; diciturque Vetus Testamentum.¹¹⁶⁰¹¹⁶⁰;Gal. iii. 7–9, 14.

VI. Under the gospel, when Christ the substance¹¹⁶¹¹¹⁶¹Gal. ii. 17; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. was exhibited, the ordinances in which this covenant is dispensed are the preaching of the word and the administration of the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper;¹¹⁶²¹¹⁶²Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; 1 Cor. xi. 23–25; [Am. ed. 2 Cor. iii. 7–11]. which, though fewer in number, and administered with more simplicity aud less outward glory, yet in them it is held forth in more fullness, evidence, and spiritual efficacy,¹¹⁶³¹¹⁶³Heb. xii. 22–28; Jer. xxxi. 33, 34. to all nations, both Jews and Gentiles;¹¹⁶⁴¹¹⁶⁴Matt. xxviii. 19; Eph. ii. 15–19. and is called the New Testament.¹¹⁶⁵¹¹⁶⁵Luke xxii. 20; [Am. ed. Heb. viii. 7–9]. There are not, therefore, two covenants of grace differing in substance, but one and the same under various dispensations.¹¹⁶⁶¹¹⁶⁶Gal. iii. 14, 16; Acts xv. 11; Rom. iii. 21–23, 30; Psa. xxxii. 1; Rom. iv. 3, 6, 16, 17, 23, 24; Heb. xiii. 8.

VI. Sub evangelio autem, exhibito jam Christo, substantia¹¹⁶⁷¹¹⁶⁷Gal. ii. 17; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. scilicet ac antitypo, præscriptæ rationes in quibus hoc fœdus dispensatur, sunt prædicatio verbi, et administratio sacramentorum, baptismi nempe ac cœnæ Dominicæ;¹¹⁶⁸¹¹⁶⁸Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; 1 Cor. xi. 23–25; [Am. ed. 2 Cor. iii. 7–11]. in quibus quidem utut numero paucioribus, iisque simplicius ac minore cum externa gloria administratis, cum majore tamen plenitudine, evidentia, et efficacia spirituali¹¹⁶⁹¹¹⁶⁹Heb. xii. 22–28; Jer. xxxi. 33, 34. populis cunctis tam Judæis quam Gentibus¹¹⁷⁰¹¹⁷⁰Matt. xxviii. 19; Eph. ii. 15–19. exhibetur; Diciturque Novum Testamentum.¹¹⁷¹¹¹⁷¹Luke xxii. 20; [Am. ed. Heb. viii. 7–9]. Non sunt ergo duo fœdera gratiæ, re atque natura discrepantia; sed unum idemque, licet non uno modo dispensatum.¹¹⁷²¹¹⁷²Gal. iii. 14, 16; Acts xv. 11; Rom. iii. 21–23, 30; Psa. xxxii. 1; Rom. iv. 3, 6, 16, 17, 23, 24; Heb. xiii. 8..

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Chapter VIII.	Cap. VIII.
Of Christ the Mediator.	De Christo Mediatore.
I. It pleased God, in his eternal purpose, to choose and ordain the Lord Jesus, his only-begotten Son, to be the Mediator between God and man,¹¹⁷³¹¹⁷³Isa. xlii. 1; 1 Pet. i. 19, 20; John iii. 16; 2 Tim. ii. 5. the Prophet,¹¹⁷⁴¹¹⁷⁴Acts iii. 22; [Am. ed. Deut. xviii. 15]. Priest,¹¹⁷⁵¹¹⁷⁵Heb. v. 5, 6. and King;¹¹⁷⁶¹¹⁷⁶Psa. ii. 6; Luke i. 33. the Head and Saviour of his Church,¹¹⁷⁷¹¹⁷⁷Eph. v. 23. the Heir of all things,¹¹⁷⁸¹¹⁷⁸Heb. i. 2. and Judge of the world;¹¹⁷⁹¹¹⁷⁹Acts xvii. 31. whom he did, from all eternity, give a people to be his seed,¹¹⁸⁰¹¹⁸⁰John xvii. 6; Psa. xxii. 30; Isa. liii. 10. and to be by him in time redeemed, called, justified, sanctified, and glorified.¹¹⁸¹¹¹⁸¹1 Tim. ii. 6; Isa. lv. 4, 5; 1 Cor. i. 30.	I. Complacitum est Deo Filium ejus unigenitum Dominum Jesum in æterno suo proposito eligere atque ordinare ut Mediator esset inter Deum et hominem,¹¹⁸²¹¹⁸²Isa. xlii. 1; 1 Pet. i. 19, 20; John iii. 16; 2 Tim. ii. 5. Propheta,¹¹⁸³¹¹⁸³Acts iii. 22; [Am. ed. Deut. xviii. 15]. Sacerdos,¹¹⁸⁴¹¹⁸⁴Heb. v. 5, 6. et Rex,¹¹⁸⁵¹¹⁸⁵Psa. ii. 6; Luke i. 33. caput idem et salvator Ecclesiæ suæ;¹¹⁸⁶¹¹⁸⁶Eph. v. 23. rerum omnium hæres,¹¹⁸⁷¹¹⁸⁷Heb. i. 2. Mundique Judex;¹¹⁸⁸¹¹⁸⁸Acts xvii. 31. cui ab æterno populum dedit futurum illi in semen,¹¹⁸⁹¹¹⁸⁹John xvii. 6; Psa. xxii. 30; Isa. liii. 10. ac per illum stato tempore redimendum, vocandum, justificandum, sanctificandum ac glorificandum.¹¹⁹⁰¹¹⁹⁰1 Tim. ii. 6; Isa. lv. 4, 5; 1 Cor. i. 30.
II. The Son of God, the second person in the Trinity, being very and eternal God, of one substance, and equal with the Father did, when the fullness of time was come, fake upon him man's nature,¹¹⁹¹¹¹⁹¹John i. 1, 14; 1 John v. 20; Phil. ii. 6; Gal. iv. 4. with all the essential properties and common infirmities thereof, yet without sin:¹¹⁹²¹¹⁹²Heb. ii. 14, 16, 17; iv. 15. being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the Virgin Mary, of her substance.¹¹⁹³¹¹⁹³Luke i. 27, 31, 35; Gal. iv. 4. So that two whole, perfect, and distinct natures, the Godhead and the manhood, were inseparably joined together	II. Filius Dei persona secunda in Trinitate, verus nempe idem æternusque Deus, substantiæ cum Patre unius ejusdemque, eique coæqualis, cum advenerat temporis plenitudo, assumpsit naturam humanam,¹¹⁹⁴¹¹⁹⁴John i. 1, 14; 1 John v. 20; Phil. ii. 6; Gal. iv. 4. una cum omnibus ejus proprietatibus essentialibus, communibusque infirmitatibus, immunem tamen a peccato,¹¹⁹⁵¹¹⁹⁵Heb. ii. 14, 16, 17; iv. 15. conceptus scilicet in utero eque substantia Mariæ Virginis,¹¹⁹⁶¹¹⁹⁶Luke i. 27, 31, 35; Gal. iv. 4. virtute Spiritus Sancti. Adeo sane ut naturæ duæ, integræ, perfectæ, distinctæque Deitas ac humanitas in una eademque

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in one person, without conversion, composition, or confusion.¹¹⁹⁷¹¹⁹⁷Luke i. 35; Col. ii. 9; Rom. ix. 5; 1 Pet. iii. 18; 1 Tim. iii. 16. Which person is very God and very man, yet one Christ, the only mediator between God and man.¹¹⁹⁸¹¹⁹⁸Rom. i. 3, 4; 1 Tim. ii. 5.	persona indissolubili nexu conjunctæ fuerint, sine conversione, compositione, aut confusione.¹¹⁹⁹¹¹⁹⁹Luke i. 35; Col. ii. 9; Rom. ix. 5; 1 Pet. iii. 18; 1 Tim. iii. 16. Quæ quidem persona vere Deus est ac vere homo, unus tamen Christus, unicus inter Deum et hominem Mediator.¹²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰Rom. i. 3, 4; 1 Tim. ii. 5.
III. The Lord Jesus, in his human nature thus united to the divine, was sanctified and anointed with the Holy Spirit above measure;¹²⁰¹¹²⁰¹Psa. xlv. 7; John iii. 34. having in him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge,¹²⁰²¹²⁰²Col. ii. 3. in whom it pleased the Father that all fullness should dwell;¹²⁰³¹²⁰³Col. i. 19. to the end that, being holy, harmless, undefiled, and full of grace and truth,¹²⁰⁴¹²⁰⁴Heb. vii. 26; John i. 14. he might be thoroughly furnished to execute the office of a mediator and surety.¹²⁰⁵¹²⁰⁵Acts x. 38; Heb. xii. 24; vii. 22. Which office he took not unto himself, but was thereunto called by his Father,¹²⁰⁶¹²⁰⁶Heb. v. 4, 5. who put all power and judgment into his hand, and gave him commandment to execute the same.¹²⁰⁷¹²⁰⁷John v. 22, 27; Matt. xxviii. 18; Acts ii. 36.	III. Dominus Jesus in humana sua natura divinæ hunc modum conjuncta sanctificatus est, ac Spiritu sancto supra mensuram unctus,¹²⁰⁸¹²⁰⁸Psa. xlv. 7; John iii. 34. in se habens omnes sapientiæ notitiæqum thesauros;¹²⁰⁹¹²⁰⁹Col. ii. 3. in quo Patri visum est ut omnis plenitudo inhabitaret,¹²¹⁰¹²¹⁰Col. i. 19. atque eo quidem fine ut sanctus, innocuus, intaminatus, plenusque gratiæ ac veritatis existens,¹²¹¹¹²¹¹Heb. vii. 26; John i. 14. ad Mediatoris Vadisque munus exequendum perfecte esset instructus.¹²¹²¹²¹²Acts x. 38; Heb. xii. 24; vii. 22. Quod ille officium non arripuit sibi, verum a Patre erat ad id vocatus,¹²¹³¹²¹³Heb. v. 4, 5. qui omnem ei potestatem ac judicium in manus dedit, und cum mandato exercendi.¹²¹⁴¹²¹⁴John v. 22, 27; Matt. xxviii. 18; Acts ii. 36.
IV. This office the Lord Jesus did most willingly undertake,¹²¹⁵¹²¹⁵Psa. xl. 7, 8; Heb. x. 5–10; John x. 18; Phil. ii. 8. which, that he might discharge, he was made under the law,¹²¹⁶¹²¹⁶Gal. iv. 4. and did perfectly fulfill it;¹²¹⁷¹²¹⁷Matt. iii. 15; v. 17. endured most grievous torments immediately in his soul,¹²¹⁸¹²¹⁸Matt. xxvi. 37, 38; Luke xxii. 44; Matt. xxvii. 46.	IV. Hoc munus promtissima voluntate in se suscepit Dominus Jesus,¹²¹⁹¹²¹⁹Psa. xl. 7, 8; Heb. x. 5–10; John x. 18; Phil. ii. 8. quod ut expleret factus est sub Lege,¹²²⁰¹²²⁰Gal. iv. 4. eam perfecte implevit,¹²²¹¹²²¹Matt. iii. 15; v. 17. immediate in anima,¹²²²¹²²²Matt. xxvi. 37, 38; Luke xxii. 44; Matt. xxvii. 46. sua gravissimos subiit cruciatus, in corpore¹²²³¹²²³Matt., chaps. xxvi. xxvii.

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and most painful sufferings in his body;¹²²⁴¹²²⁴Matt., chaps. xxvi. xxvii. was crucified, and died;¹²²⁶¹²²⁶Phil. ii. 8. was buried, and remained under the power of death, yet saw no corruption.¹²²⁷¹²²⁷Acts ii. 23, 24, 27; xiii. 37; Rom. vi. 9. On the third day he arose from the dead,¹²²⁸¹²²⁸1 Cor. xv. 3, 4. with the same body in which he suffered;¹²²⁹¹²²⁹John xx. 25, 27. with which also he ascended into heaven, and there sitteth at the right hand of his Father,¹²³⁰¹²³⁰Mark xvi. 19. making intercession;¹²³¹¹²³¹Rom. viii. 34; Heb. ix. 24; vii. 25. and shall return to judge men and angels at the end of the world.¹²³²¹²³²Rom. xiv. 9, 10; Acts i. 11; x. 42; Matt. xiii. 40–42; Jude 6; 2 Pet. ii. 4.	vero perpessiones quam maxime dolorificas; crucifixus est, ac mortuus;¹²³³¹²³³Phil. ii. 8. sepultus est, mansitque sub mortis potestate; nec tamen ullam vidit corruptionem.¹²³⁴¹²³⁴Acts ii. 23, 24, 27; xiii. 37; Rom. vi. 9. Tertio die surrexit a mortuis,¹²³⁵¹²³⁵1 Cor. xv. 3, 4. cum eodem in quo passus fuerat corpore,¹²³⁶¹²³⁶John xx. 25, 27. cum quo etiam ascendit in cœlum, ibique sedens ad dextram Patris¹²³⁷¹²³⁷Mark xvi. 19. intercedit,¹²³⁸¹²³⁸Rom. viii. 34; Heb. ix. 24; vii. 25. rediturus inde in consummatione mundi, ad homines angelosque judicandum.¹²³⁹¹²³⁹Rom. xiv. 9, 10; Acts i. 11; x. 42; Matt. xiii. 40–42; Jude 6; 2 Pet. ii. 4.
V. The Lord Jesus, by his perfect obedience and sacrifice of himself, which he through the eternal Spirit once offered up unto God, hath fully satisfied the justice of his Father,¹²⁴⁰¹²⁴⁰Rom. v. 19; Heb. ix. 14, 16; x. 14; Eph. v. 2; Rom. iii. 25, 26. and purchased not only reconciliation, but an everlasting inheritance in the kingdom of heaven, for all those whom the Father hath given unto him.¹²⁴¹¹²⁴¹Dan. ix. 24, 26; Col. i. 19, 20; Eph. i. 11, 14; John xvii. 2; Heb. ix. 12, 15.	V. Dominus Jesus obedientia sua perfecta, suique ipsius sacrificio; quod per æternum Spiritum Deo semel obtulit, justitiæ Patris plene satisfecit,¹²⁴²¹²⁴²Rom. v. 19; Heb. ix. 14, 16; x. 14; Eph. v. 2; Rom. iii. 25, 26. ac omnibus ei a Patre datis non modo reconciliationem; verum etiam æternam hæreditatem in regno cœlorum acquisivit.¹²⁴³¹²⁴³Dan. ix. 24, 26; Col. i. 19, 20; Eph. i. 11, 14; John xvii. 2; Heb. ix. 12, 15.
VI. Although the work of redemption was not actually wrought by Christ till after his incarnation, yet the virtue, efficacy, and benefits thereof were communicated unto the elect, in all ages successively from the beginning of the world, in and by those promises, types,	VI. Quamvis redemptionis opus non nisi post incarnationem ejus, a Christo quidem actu effectum fuerit, vis tamen ejus, efficacia, et beneficia per omnia iam inde a mundi primordiis elapsa secula electis sunt communicata, in et per promissiones illas, typos, et sacrifica,

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and sacrifices, wherein he was revealed, and signified to be the seed of the woman which should bruise the serpent's head, and the lamb slain from the beginning of the world, being yesterday and today the same and forever.¹²⁴⁴¹²⁴⁴Gal. iv. 4, 5; Gen. iii. 15; Rev. xiii. 8; Heb. xiii. 8.	quibus revelatum erat et significatum hunc esse semen illud mulieris, quod contriturum erat serpentis caput, agnumque illum mactatum ab initio mundi; ut qui heri ac hodie idem est et in sempiternum.¹²⁴⁵¹²⁴⁵Gal. iv. 4, 5; Gen. iii. 15; Rev. xiii. 8; Heb. xiii. 8.
VII. Christ, in the work of mediation, acteth according to both natures; by each nature doing that which is proper to itself;¹²⁴⁶¹²⁴⁶Heb. ix. 14; 1 Pet. iii. 18. yet, by reason of the unity of the person, that which is proper to one nature is sometimes, in Scripture, attributed to the person denominated by the other nature.¹²⁴⁷¹²⁴⁷Acts xx. 28; John iii. 13; 1 John iii. 16.	VII. Christus in opere Mediatorio agit secundum utramque naturam, id agens per utramvis, quod eidem proprium est,¹²⁴⁸¹²⁴⁸Heb. ix. 14; 1 Pet. iii. 18. nonnunquam tamen fit propter personæ unitatem ut quod uni naturæ proprium est, personæ ab altera natura denominatæ in Scriptura tribuatur.¹²⁴⁹¹²⁴⁹Acts xx. 28; John iii. 13; 1 John iii. 16.
VIII. To all those for whom Christ hath purchased redemption he doth certainly and effectually apply and communicate the same;¹²⁵⁰¹²⁵⁰John vi. 37, 39; x. 15, 16. making intercession for them,¹²⁵¹¹²⁵¹1 John ii. 1, 2; Rom. viii. 34. and revealing unto them, in and by the Word, the mysteries of salvation;¹²⁵²¹²⁵²John xv. 13, 15; Eph. i. 7–9; John xvii. 6. effectually persuading them by his Spirit to believe and obey; and governing their hearts by his Word and Spirit;¹²⁵³¹²⁵³John xiv. 16; Heb. xii. 2; 2 Cor. iv. 13; Rom. viii. 9, 14; xv. 18, 19; John xvii. 17. overcoming all their enemies by his almighty power and wisdom, in such manner and ways as are most consonant to his wonderful and unsearchable dispensation.¹²⁵⁴¹²⁵⁴Psa. cx. 1; 1 Cor. xv. 25, 26; Mal. iv. 2, 3; Col. ii. 15.	VIII. Pro quibus Christus redemptionem acquisivit, iis omnibus certo quidem ac efficaciter eam applicat impertitque,¹²⁵⁵¹²⁵⁵John vi. 37, 39; x. 15, 16. pro eis intercedens,¹²⁵⁶¹²⁵⁶1 John ii. 1, 2; Rom. viii. 34. eisque in verbo et per verbum revelans mysterium salutis,¹²⁵⁷¹²⁵⁷John xv. 13, 15; Eph. i. 7–9; John xvii. 6. per Spiritum suum eis ut credere velint ac obedire persuadens efficaciter,¹²⁵⁸¹²⁵⁸John xiv. 16; Heb. xii. 2; 2 Cor. iv. 13; Rom. viii. 9, 14; xv. 18, 19; John xvii. 17. eorumque gubernans corda verbo suo spirituque; sed et vi sua omnipotenti, ac sapientia debellans omnes eorum hostes, iis autem modis mediisque quæ admirabili et inscrutabili ejus dispensationi sunt maxime consentanea.¹²⁵⁹¹²⁵⁹Psa. cx. 1; 1 Cor. xv. 25, 26; Mal. iv. 2, 3; Col. ii. 15.

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Chapter IX.	Cap. IX.
Of Free-will.	De libero arbitrio.
I. God hath endued the will of man with that natural liberty, that ¹²⁶⁰¹²⁶⁰[Am. ed. inserts it.]is neither forced nor by any absolute necessity of nature determined to good or evil.¹²⁶¹¹²⁶¹Matt. xvii. 12; James i. 14; Deut. xxx. 19; [Am. ed. John v. 40].	I. Eam humanæ voluntati naturalem Deus indidit libertatem, ut nec cogatur unquam, neque absoluta ulla naturæ necessitate ad bonum aut malum determinetur.¹²⁶²¹²⁶²Matt. xvii. 12; James i. 14; Deut. xxx. 19; [Am. ed. John v. 40].
II. Man, in his state of innocency, had freedom and power to will and to do that which is good and well-pleasing to God, but yet mutably, so that he might fall from it.¹²⁶³¹²⁶³Gen. ii. 16, 17; iii. 6.	II. Homo in statu innocentiæ libertatem habuit ac potentiam, quod bonum erat Deoque gratum volendi agendique;¹²⁶⁴¹²⁶⁴Eccles. vii. 29; Gen. i. 26. mutabiliter tamen, ita ut illa potuerit excidere.¹²⁶⁵¹²⁶⁵Gen. ii. 16, 17; iii. 6.
III. Man, by his fall into a state of sin, hath wholly lost all ability of will to any spiritual good accompanying salvation;¹²⁶⁶¹²⁶⁶Rom. v. 6; viii. 7; John xv. 5. so as a natural man, being altogether averse from that good,¹²⁶⁷¹²⁶⁷Rom. iii. 10, 12. and dead in sin,¹²⁶⁸¹²⁶⁸Eph. ii. 1, 5; Col. ii. 13. is not able, by his own strength, to convert himself, or to prepare himself thereunto.¹²⁶⁹¹²⁶⁹John vi. 44, 65; 1 Cor. ii. 14; Eph. ii. 2–5; Titus iii. 3–5.	III. Homo per lapsum suum in statum peccati, potentiam omnem quam habuerat voluntas ejus ad bonum aliquod spirituals et saluti contiguum amisit penitus;¹²⁷⁰¹²⁷⁰Rom. v. 6; viii. 7; John xv. 5. adeo sane ut naturalis homo, utpote ab ejusmodi bono abhorrens prorsus,¹²⁷¹¹²⁷¹Rom. iii. 10, 12. ac in peccato mortuus,¹²⁷²¹²⁷²Eph. ii. 1, 5; Col. ii. 13. non possit unquam suis ipsius viribus convertere semet, sed ne quidem ad conversionem se vel præparare.¹²⁷³¹²⁷³John vi. 44, 65; 1 Cor. ii. 14; Eph. ii. 2–5; Titus iii. 3–5.
IV. When God converts a sinner, and translates him into the state of grace, he freeth him from his natural bondage under sin,¹²⁷⁴¹²⁷⁴Col. i. 13; John viii. 34, 36. and by his grace alone enables him freely to will and to do that which is spiritually good;¹²⁷⁵¹²⁷⁵Phil. ii. 13; Rom. vi. 18, 22. yet so	IV. Quandocunque Deus convertit ac in statum gratiæ transfert peccatorem, eundem eximit naturali sua sub peccato servitute,¹²⁷⁶¹²⁷⁶Col. i. 13; John viii. 34, 36. solaque gratia sua potentem reddit ad spirituale bonum volendum præstandumque;¹²⁷⁷¹²⁷⁷Phil. ii. 13; Rom. vi. 18, 22. ita tamen ut propter

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Chapter X.	Cap. X.
as that, by reason of his remaining corruption, he doth not perfectly, nor only, will that which is good, but doth also will that which is evil.¹²⁷⁸¹²⁷⁸Gal. v. 17; Rom. vii. 15, 18, 19, 21, 23.	manentem adhuc in eo corruptionem, bonum nec perfecte velit; neque id tantummodo, verum etiam quandoque malum.¹²⁷⁹¹²⁷⁹Gal. v. 17; Rom. vii. 15, 18, 19, 21, 23.
V. The will of man is made perfectly and immutably free to good alone, in the state of glory only.¹²⁸⁰¹²⁸⁰Eph. iv. 13; Heb. xii. 23; 1 John iii. 2; Jude 24.	V. Voluntas humana perfecte ac immutabiliter libera ad bonum solum redditur non nisi in statu gloriæ.¹²⁸¹¹²⁸¹Eph. iv. 13; Heb. xii. 23; 1 John iii. 2; Jude 24.
Of Effectual Calling.	De vocatione efficaci.
I. All those whom God hath predestinated unto life, and those only, he is pleased, in his appointed and accepted time, effectually to call,¹²⁸²¹²⁸²Rom. viii. 30; xi. 7; Eph. i. 10, 11. by his Word and Spirit,¹²⁸³¹²⁸³2 Thess. ii. 13, 14; 2 Cor. iii. 3, 6. out of that state of sin and death, in which they are by nature, to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ;¹²⁸⁴¹²⁸⁴Rom. viii. 2; Eph. ii. 1–5; 2 Tim. i. 9, 10. enlightening their minds, spiritually and savingly, to understand the things of God;¹²⁸⁵¹²⁸⁵Acts xxvi. 18; 1 Cor. ii. 10, 12; Eph. i. 17, 18. taking away their heart of stone, and giving unto them an heart of flesh;¹²⁸⁶¹²⁸⁶Ezek. xxxvi. 26. renewing their wills, and by his almighty power determining them to that which is good,¹²⁸⁷¹²⁸⁷Ezek. xi. 19; Phil. ii. 13; Deut. xxx. 6; Ezek. xxxvi. 27. and effectually drawing them to Jesus Christ;¹²⁸⁸¹²⁸⁸Eph. i. 19; John vi. 44, 45. yet so as they come most freely, being made willing by his grace.¹²⁸⁹¹²⁸⁹Cant. i. 4; Psa. cx. 3; John vi. 37; Rom. vi. 16–18.	I. Deus quos ad vitam prædestinavit omnes, eosque solos dignatur per verbum suum et spiritum¹²⁹⁰¹²⁹⁰Rom. viii. 30; xi. 7; Eph. i. 10, 11. constituto suo acceptoque tempore vocare efficaciter¹²⁹¹¹²⁹¹2 Thess. ii. 13, 14; 2 Cor. iii. 3, 6. e statu illo peccati et mortis in quo sunt natura constituti, ad gratiam ac salutem per Jesum Christum;¹²⁹²¹²⁹²Rom. viii. 2; Eph. ii. 1–5; 2 Tim. i. 9, 10. idque mentes eorum illuminando, ut modo spirituali et salutari quæ Dei sunt intelligant;¹²⁹³¹²⁹³Acts xxvi. 18; 1 Cor. ii. 10, 12; Eph. i. 17, 18. tollendo eorum cor lapideum, donandoque eis cor carneum;¹²⁹⁴¹²⁹⁴Ezek. xxxvi. 26. voluntates eorum renovando ac pro potentia sua omnipotente ad bonum determinando,¹²⁹⁵¹²⁹⁵Ezek. xi. 19; Phil. ii. 13; Deut. xxx. 6; Ezek. xxxvi. 27. et ad Jesum Christum trahendo efficaciter;¹²⁹⁶¹²⁹⁶Eph. i. 19; John vi. 44, 45. ita tamen ut illi nihilominus liberrime veniant, volentes nempe facti per illius gratiam.¹²⁹⁷¹²⁹⁷Cant. i. 4; Psa. cx. 3; John vi. 37; Rom. vi. 16–18.
II. This effectual call is of God's	II. Efficax hæc vocatio est a sola

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free and special grace alone, not from any thing at all foreseen in man;¹²⁹⁸¹²⁹⁸2 Tim. i. 9; Titus iii. 4, 5; Eph. ii. 4, 5, 8, 9; Rom. ix. 11. who is altogether passive therein, until, being quickened and renewed by the Holy Spirit,¹²⁹⁹¹²⁹⁹1 Cor. ii. 14; Rom. viii. 7; Eph. ii. 5. he is thereby enabled to answer this call, and to embrace the grace offered and conveyed in it.¹³⁰⁰¹³⁰⁰John vi. 37; Ezek. xxxvi. 27; John v. 25.	Dei gratia:, gratuita illa et speciali; a nulla autem re in homine prævisa;¹³⁰¹¹³⁰¹2 Tim. i. 9; Titus iii. 4, 5; Eph. ii. 4, 5, 8, 9; Rom. ix. 11. qui in hoc negotio se habet omnino passive, donec per spiritum sanctum vivificatus ac renovatus,¹³⁰²¹³⁰²1 Cor. ii. 14; Rom. viii. 7; Eph. ii. 5. potis inde factus sit vocationi huic respondere, gratiamque inibi oblatam et exhibitam amplexari.¹³⁰³¹³⁰³John vi. 37; Ezek. xxxvi. 27; John v. 25.
III. Elect infants, dying in infancy, are regenerated and saved by Christ through the Spirit,¹³⁰⁴¹³⁰⁴Luke xviii. 15, 16 and Acts ii. 38, 39, and John iii. 3, 5, and 1 John v. 12, and Rom. viii. 9, compared. who worketh when, and where, and how he pleaseth.¹³⁰⁵¹³⁰⁵John iii. 8. So also are all other elect persons, who are incapable of being outwardly called by the ministry of the Word.¹³⁰⁶¹³⁰⁶1 John v. 12; Acts iv. 12.	III. Electi infantes in infantia sua morientes regenerantur salvanturque a Christo per spiritum¹³⁰⁷¹³⁰⁷Luke xviii. 15, 16 and Acts ii. 38, 39, and John iii. 3, 5, and 1 John v. 12, and Rom. viii. 9, compared. {qui quando et ubi, et quo sibi placuerit modo operator);¹³⁰⁸¹³⁰⁸John iii. 8. sicut et reliqui electi omnes, quotquot externæ vocationis per ministerium verbi sunt incapaces.¹³⁰⁹¹³⁰⁹1 John v. 12; Acts iv. 12.
IV. Others, not elected, although they may be called by the ministry of the Word,¹³¹⁰¹³¹⁰Matt. xxii. 14. and may have some common operations of the Spirit,¹³¹¹¹³¹¹Matt. vii. 22; xiii. 20, 21; Heb. vi. 4, 5. yet they never truly come unto¹³¹²¹³¹²[Am. ed. to.] Christ, and therefore can not be saved:¹³¹³¹³¹³John vi. 64–66; viii. 24. much less can men, not professing the Christian religion, be saved in any other way whatsoever, be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature and the law of that religion they do profess;¹³¹⁴¹³¹⁴Acts iv. 12; John xiv. 6; Eph. ii. 12; John iv. 22; xvii. 3. and to assert and maintain that they may is	IV. Alii autem, qui non electi sunt, ut ut verbi ministerio vocari possint,¹³¹⁵¹³¹⁵Matt. xxii. 14. communesque nonnullas operationes Spiritus experiri,¹³¹⁶¹³¹⁶Matt. vii. 22; xiii. 20, 21; Heb. vi. 4, 5. nunquam tamen vere ad Christum accedunt, proindeque nec salvari possunt.¹³¹⁷¹³¹⁷John vi. 64–66; viii. 24. Multo quidem minus poterunt illi, quotquot religionem Christianam non profitentur (summam licet operam navaverint moribus suis ad naturæ lumen, istiusque quam profitentur religionis legem componendis), extra hanc unicam viam salutem unquam obtinere.¹³¹⁸¹³¹⁸Acts iv. 12; John xiv. 6; Eph. ii. 12; John iv. 22; xvii. 3. Atque huic quidem contrarium

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Chapter XI.	Cap. XI.
very pernicious, and to be detested.¹³¹⁹¹³¹⁹2 John 9–11; 1 Cor. xvi. 22; Gal. i. 6–8.	statuere ac defendere, perniciosum admodum est ac detestandum.¹³²⁰¹³²⁰2 John 9–11; 1 Cor. xvi. 22; Gal. i. 6–8.
Of Justification.	De Justificatione.
I. Those whom God effectually calleth he also freely justifieth;¹³²¹¹³²¹Rom. viii. 30; iii. 24. not by infusing righteousness into them, but by pardoning their sins, and by accounting and accepting their persons as righteous: not for any thing wrought in them, or done by them, but for Christ's sake alone; nor¹³²²¹³²²[Am. ed. not.] by imputing faith itself, the act of believing, or any other evangelical obedience to them, as their righteousness; but by imputing the obedience and satisfaction of Christ unto them,¹³²³¹³²³Rom. iv. 5–8; 2 Cor. v. 19, 21; Rom. iii. 22, 24, 25, 27, 28; Titus iii. 5, 7; Eph. i. 7; Jer. xxiii. 6; 1 Cor. i. 30, 31; Rom. v. 17–19. they receiving and resting on him and his righteousness by faith; which faith they have not of themselves, it is the gift of God.¹³²⁴¹³²⁴Acts x. 44; Gal. ii. 16; Phil. iii. 9; Acts xiii. 38, 39; Eph. ii. 7, 8.	I. Quos Deus vocat efficaciter, eosdem etiam gratis justificat,¹³²⁵¹³²⁵Rom. viii. 30; iii. 24. non quidem justitiam iis infundendo, sed eorum peccata condonando, personasque pro justis reputando atque acceptando; neque id certe propter quicquam aut in iis productum, aut ab iis præstitum, verum Christi solius ergo; eisque ad justitiam non fidem ipsam, non credendi actum, aut aliam quamcunque obedientiam evangelicam, verum obedientiam ac satisfactionem Christi imputando,¹³²⁶¹³²⁶Rom. iv. 5–8; 2 Cor. v. 19, 21; Rom. iii. 22, 24, 25, 27, 28; Titus iii. 5, 7; Eph. i. 7; Jer. xxiii. 6; 1 Cor. i. 30, 31; Rom. v. 17–19. eum nempe recipientibus, eique ac justitiæ ejus per fidem innitentibus; quam illi fidem ex dono Dei, non a seipsis, habent.¹³²⁷¹³²⁷Acts x. 44; Gal. ii. 16; Phil. iii. 9; Acts xiii. 38, 39; Eph. ii. 7, 8.
II. Faith, thus receiving and resting on Christ and his righteousness, is the alone instrument of justification;¹³²⁸¹³²⁸John i. 12; Rom. iii. 28; v. 1. yet is it not alone in the person justified, but is ever accompanied with all other saving graces, and is no dead faith, but worketh by love.¹³²⁹¹³²⁹James ii. 17, 22, 26; Gal. v. 6.	II. Fides hoc modo Christum recipiens, eique innitens ac justitiæ ejus, est justificationis unicum instrumentum;¹³³⁰¹³³⁰John i. 12; Rom. iii. 28; v. 1. in homine tamen justificato hæc non est solitaria, verum gratiis aliis omnibus salutaribus semper comitata; neque est hæc fides mortua, sed quæ per charitatem operatur.¹³³¹¹³³¹James ii. 17, 22, 26; Gal. v. 6.
III. Christ, by his obedience and	III. Qui hunc in modum justificantur,

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death, did fully discharge the debt of all those that are thus justified, and did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to his Father's justice in their behalf.¹³³²¹³³²Rom. v. 8–10, 19; 1 Tim. ii. 5, 6; Heb. x. 10, 14; Dan. ix. 24, 26; Isa. liii. 4–6, 10–12. Yet inasmuch as he was given by the Father for them,¹³³³¹³³³Rom. viii. 32. and his obedience and satisfaction accepted in their stead,¹³³⁴¹³³⁴2 Cor. v. 21; Matt. iii. 17; Eph. v. 2. and both freely, not for any thing in them, their justification is only of free grace;¹³³⁵¹³³⁵Rom. iii. 24; Eph. i. 7. that both the exact justice and rich grace of God might be glorified in the justification of sinners.¹³³⁶¹³³⁶Rom. iii. 26; Eph. ii. 7.	eorum omnium debita Christus per obedientiam suam mortemque prorsus dissolvit; eorumque vice justitiæ Patris sui realem, plenum, et proprie dictam satisfactionem præstitit.¹³³⁷¹³³⁷Rom. v. 8–10, 19; 1 Tim. ii. 5, 6; Heb. x. 10, 14; Dan. ix. 24, 26; Isa. liii. 4–6, 10–12. Quum tamen non propter in iis quicquam, verum gratuito Pater cum Christum ipsum pro eis dederit,¹³³⁸¹³³⁸Rom. viii. 32. tum obedientiam ejus ac satisfactionem tanquam eorum loco constituti¹³³⁹¹³³⁹2 Cor. v. 21; Matt. iii. 17; Eph. v. 2. acceptaverit; omnino a gratia gratuita est eorum justificatio;¹³⁴⁰¹³⁴⁰Rom. iii. 24; Eph. i. 7. Quo nimirum Dei tum accurata justitia tum locuples gratia glorificata foret in justificatione peccatorum.¹³⁴¹¹³⁴¹Rom. iii. 26; Eph. ii. 7.
IV. God did, from all eternity, decree to justify all the elect,¹³⁴²¹³⁴²Gal. iii. 8; 1 Pet. i. 2, 19, 20; Rom. viii. 30. and Christ did, in the fullness of time, die for their sins, and rise again for their justification:¹³⁴³¹³⁴³Gal. iv. 4; 1 Tim. ii. 6; Rom. iv. 25. nevertheless, they are not justified until the Holy Spirit doth, in due time, actually apply Christ unto them.¹³⁴⁴¹³⁴⁴Col. i. 21, 22; Gal. ii. 16; Titus iii. 4–7.	IV. Ab æterno decrevit Deus electos omnes justificare,¹³⁴⁵¹³⁴⁵Gal. iii. 8; 1 Pet. i. 2, 19, 20; Rom. viii. 30. Christusque in temporis plenitudine mortuus est pro eorum peccatis, et in justificationem eorum resurrexit:¹³⁴⁶¹³⁴⁶Gal. iv. 4; 1 Tim. ii. 6; Rom. iv. 25. nihilo minus tamen justificati prius non sunt, quam Christum eis in tempore suo opportuno Spiritus Sanctus actu applicuerit.¹³⁴⁷¹³⁴⁷Col. i. 21, 22; Gal. ii. 16; Titus iii. 4–7.
V. God doth continue to forgive the sins of those that are justified;¹³⁴⁸¹³⁴⁸Matt. vi. 12; 1 John i. 7, 9; ii. 1, 2. and although they can never fall from the state of justification,¹³⁴⁹¹³⁴⁹Luke xxii. 32; John x. 28; Heb. x. 14. yet they may by their sins fall under God's fatherly displeasure, and not have the light of his countenance restored unto them, until they humble themselves,	V. Perseverat Deus eorum peccata condonare quos semel justificavit,¹³⁵⁰¹³⁵⁰Matt. vi. 12; 1 John i. 7, 9; ii. 1, 2. quin et etiamsi excidere statu justificationis nunquam possint;¹³⁵¹¹³⁵¹Luke xxii. 32; John x. 28; Heb. x. 14. fieri tamen potest ut iræ Dei, paternæ quidem illi, per peccata sua se exponant, nec lumen paterni vultus prius sibi habeant restitutum, quam semet ipsos humiliaverint,

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Chapter XII.	Cap. XII.
confess their sins, beg pardon, and renew their faith and repentance.¹³⁵²¹³⁵²Psa. lxxxix. 31–33; li. 7–12; xxxii. 5; Matt. xxvi. 75; 1 Cor. xi. 30, 32; Luke i. 20.	peccata agnoverint, imploraverint veniam, fidem denique et pœnitentiam suam renovaverint.¹³⁵³¹³⁵³Psa. lxxxix. 31–33; li. 7–12; xxxii. 5; Matt. xxvi. 75; 1 Cor. xi. 30, 32; Luke i. 20.
VI. The justification of believers under the Old Testament was, in all these respects, one and the same with the justification of believers under the New Testament.¹³⁵⁴¹³⁵⁴Gal. iii. 9, 13, 14; Rom. iv. 22–24; Heb.xiii. 8.	VI. Justificatio fidelium sub Vetere ac Novo¹³⁵⁵¹³⁵⁵Gal. iii. 9, 13, 14; Rom. iv. 22–24; Heb.xiii. 8. Testamento quoad isthæc omnia est una eademque.¹³⁵⁶¹³⁵⁶Gal. iii. 9, 13, 14; Rom. iv. 22–24; Heb.xiii. 8.
Of Adoption.	De Adoptione.
All those that are justified God vouchsafeth, in and for his only Son Jesus Christ, to make partakers of the grace of adoption;¹³⁵⁷¹³⁵⁷Eph. i. 5; Gal. iv. 4, 5. by which they are taken into the number, and enjoy the liberties and privileges of the children of God;¹³⁵⁸¹³⁵⁸Rom. viii. 17; John i. 12. have his name put upon them;¹³⁵⁹¹³⁵⁹Jer. xiv. 9; 2 Cor. vi. 18; Rev. iii. 12. receive the Spirit of adoption;¹³⁶⁰¹³⁶⁰Rom. viii. 15. have access to the throne of grace with boldness;¹³⁶¹¹³⁶¹Eph. iii. 12; Rom. v. 2. are enabled to cry, Abba, Father;¹³⁶²¹³⁶²Gal. iv. 6. are pitied,¹³⁶³¹³⁶³Psa. ciii. 13. protected,¹³⁶⁴¹³⁶⁴Prov. xiv. 26. provided for,¹³⁶⁵¹³⁶⁵Matt. vi. 30, 32; 1 Pet. v. 7. and chastened by him as by a father;¹³⁶⁶¹³⁶⁶Heb. xii. 6. yet never cast off,¹³⁶⁷¹³⁶⁷Lam. iii. 31. but sealed to the day of redemption,¹³⁶⁸¹³⁶⁸Eph. iv. 30. and inherit the promises,¹³⁶⁹¹³⁶⁹Heb. vi. 12. as heirs of everlasting salvation.¹³⁷⁰¹³⁷⁰l Pet. i. 3, 4; Heb. i. 14.	Deus justificatos omnes dignatur in filio suo unigenito Jesu Christo, et propter eundem participes facere gratiæ Adoptionis;¹³⁷¹¹³⁷¹Eph. i. 5; Gal. iv. 4, 5. per quam in numerum filiorum Dei assumuntur, taliumque immunitatibus ac privilegiis potiuntur,¹³⁷²¹³⁷²Rom. viii. 17; John i. 12. impositum sibi habent nomen Dei,¹³⁷³¹³⁷³Jer. xiv. 9; 2 Cor. vi. 18; Rev. iii. 12. Spiritum adoptionis accipiunt,¹³⁷⁴¹³⁷⁴Rom. viii. 15. aditum habent ad thronum gratiæ cum confidentia,¹³⁷⁵¹³⁷⁵Eph. iii. 12; Rom. v. 2. potestatem consequuntur clamandi Abba Pater,¹³⁷⁶¹³⁷⁶Gal. iv. 6. commiserationem,¹³⁷⁷¹³⁷⁷Psa. ciii. 13. tutelam,¹³⁷⁸¹³⁷⁸Prov. xiv. 26. et providentiam¹³⁷⁹¹³⁷⁹Matt. vi. 30, 32; 1 Pet. v. 7. sortiuntur; quin et castigationem Dei paternam experiuntur;¹³⁸⁰¹³⁸⁰Heb. xii. 6. nunquam tamen abdicantur,¹³⁸¹¹³⁸¹Lam. iii. 31. verum in diem redemptionis consignati¹³⁸²¹³⁸²Eph. iv. 30. promissiones obtinent hæreditario jure,¹³⁸³¹³⁸³Heb. vi. 12. ut qui hæredes sunt æternæ salutis.¹³⁸⁴¹³⁸⁴l Pet. i. 3, 4; Heb. i. 14.

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Chapter XIII.	Cap. XIII.
Of Sanctification.	De Sanctificatione.
I. They who are effectually called and regenerated, having a new heart and a new spirit created in them, are further sanctified, really and personally, through the virtue of Christ's death and resurrection,¹³⁸⁵¹³⁸⁵1 Cor. vi. 11; Acts xx. 32; Phil. iii. 10; Rom. vi. 5, 6. by his Word and Spirit dwelling in them;¹³⁸⁶¹³⁸⁶John xvii. 17; Eph. v. 26; 2 Thess. ii. 13. the dominion of the whole body of sin is destroyed,¹³⁸⁷¹³⁸⁷Rom. vi. 6, 14. and the several lusts thereof are more and more weakened and mortified,¹³⁸⁸¹³⁸⁸Gal. v. 24; Rom. viii. 13.and they more and more quickened and strengthened, in all saving graces,¹³⁸⁹¹³⁸⁹Col. i. 11; Eph. iii. 16–19. to the practice of true holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord.¹³⁹⁰¹³⁹⁰2 Cor. vii. 1; Heb. xii. 14.	I. Quotquot efficaciter vocantur, ac regenerantur, cor novum habentes novumque spiritum in se creatum, sunt virtute mortis et resurrectionis Christi¹³⁹¹¹³⁹¹1 Cor. vi. 11; Acts xx. 32; Phil. iii. 10; Rom. vi. 5, 6. per verbum ejus spiritumque in eis inhabitantem¹³⁹²¹³⁹²John xvii. 17; Eph. v. 26; 2 Thess. ii. 13. ulterius sandificati, realiter quidem ac personaliter: totius corporis peccati dominium in eos destruitur,¹³⁹³¹³⁹³Rom. vi. 6, 14. ejusque variæ libidines debilitantur indies magis magisque ac mortificantur;¹³⁹⁴¹³⁹⁴Gal. v. 24; Rom. viii. 13. illi interim magis magisque in omni gratia salutari vivificantur et corroborantur indies,¹³⁹⁵¹³⁹⁵Col. i. 11; Eph. iii. 16–19. ad praxim veræ sanctimoniæ, qua quidem destitutus nemo unquam videbit Dominum.¹³⁹⁶¹³⁹⁶2 Cor. vii. 1; Heb. xii. 14.
II. This sanctification is throughout in the whole man,¹³⁹⁷¹³⁹⁷1 Thess. v. 23. yet imperfect in this life; there abideth still some remnants of corruption in every part,¹³⁹⁸¹³⁹⁸1 John i. 10; Rom. vii. 18, 23; Phil. iii. 12. whence ariseth a continual and irreconcilable war, the flesh lusting against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh.¹³⁹⁹¹³⁹⁹Gal. v. 17; 1 Pet. ii. 11.	II. Universalis est hæc et per totum hominem diffusa sanctificatio,¹⁴⁰⁰¹⁴⁰⁰1 Thess. v. 23. verum in hac vita est imperfecta nonnullis corruptionis reliquiis adhuc in omni parte remanentibus,¹⁴⁰¹¹⁴⁰¹1 John i. 10; Rom. vii. 18, 23; Phil. iii. 12. unde bellum exoritur perpetuum et implacabile; hinc carne adversus spiritum, illinc spiritu adversus carnem concupiscente.¹⁴⁰²¹⁴⁰²Gal. v. 17; 1 Pet. ii. 11.
III. In which war, although the remaining corruption for a time may much prevail,¹⁴⁰³¹⁴⁰³Rom. vii. 23. yet, through the continual supply of strength from the sanctifying Spirit of	III. In quo quidem bello licet corruptio residua possit aliquandiu prævalere plurimum,¹⁴⁰⁴¹⁴⁰⁴Rom. vii. 23. pars tamen regenita, sanctificante Christi spiritu perpetuas ferente suppetias,

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Chapter XIV.	Cap. XIV.
Christ, the regenerate part doth overcome;¹⁴⁰⁵¹⁴⁰⁵Rom. vi. 14; 1 John v. 4; Eph. iv. 15, 16. and so the saints grow in grace,¹⁴⁰⁶¹⁴⁰⁶2 Pet. iii. 18; 2 Cor. iii. 18. perfecting holiness in the fear of God.¹⁴⁰⁷¹⁴⁰⁷2 Cor. vii. 1.	evadit victrix);¹⁴⁰⁸¹⁴⁰⁸Rom. vi. 14; 1 John v. 4; Eph. iv. 15, 16. adeoque sancti in gratia crescunt,¹⁴⁰⁹¹⁴⁰⁹2 Pet. iii. 18; 2 Cor. iii. 18. sanctitatem in timore Domini perficientes.¹⁴¹⁰¹⁴¹⁰2 Cor. vii. 1.
Of Saving Faith.	De Fide salvifica.
I. The grace of faith, whereby the elect are enabled to believe to the saving of their souls,¹⁴¹¹¹⁴¹¹Heb. x. 39. is the work of the Spirit of Christ in their hearts,¹⁴¹²¹⁴¹²2 Cor. iv. 13; Eph. i. 17–19; ii. 8. and is ordinarily wrought by the ministry of the Word;¹⁴¹³¹⁴¹³Rom. x. 14, 17. by which also, and by the administration of the sacraments and prayer, it is increased and strengthened.¹⁴¹⁴¹⁴¹⁴1 Pet. ii. 2; Acts xx. 32; Rom. iv. 11; Luke xvii. 5; Rom. i. 16, 17.	I. Gratia Fidei, qua electi credere valent ad animarum suarum salutem,¹⁴¹⁵¹⁴¹⁵Heb. x. 39. Spiritus Christi opus est in eorum cordibus operantis,¹⁴¹⁶¹⁴¹⁶2 Cor. iv. 13; Eph. i. 17–19; ii. 8. effectum plerumque verbi Dei ministerio,¹⁴¹⁷¹⁴¹⁷Rom. x. 14, 17. quo eodem etiam, ut et administratione Sacramentorum atque oratione robur ei accedit ac incrementum.¹⁴¹⁸¹⁴¹⁸1 Pet. ii. 2; Acts xx. 32; Rom. iv. 11; Luke xvii. 5; Rom. i. 16, 17.
II. By this faith a Christian believeth to be true whatsoever is revealed in the Word, for the authority of God himself speaking therein;¹⁴¹⁹¹⁴¹⁹John iv. 42; 1 Thess. ii. 13; 1 John v. 10; Acts xxiv. 14. and acteth differently upon that which each particular passage thereof containeth; yielding obedience to the commands,¹⁴²⁰¹⁴²⁰Rom. xvi. 26. trembling at the threatenings,¹⁴²¹¹⁴²¹Isa. lxvi. 2. and embracing the promises of God for this life and that which is to come.¹⁴²²¹⁴²²Heb. xi. 13; 1 Tim. iv. 8. But the principal acts of saving faith are accepting, receiving, and resting upon Christ alone	II. Hac Fide credit Christianus verum esse quicquid in verbo revelatur, propter authoritatem ipsius inibi loquentis Dei;¹⁴²³¹⁴²³John iv. 42; 1 Thess. ii. 13; 1 John v. 10; Acts xxiv. 14. et varie quidem in illud agit tum obsequendo mandatis,¹⁴²⁴¹⁴²⁴Rom. xvi. 26. tum ad minas contremiscens,¹⁴²⁵¹⁴²⁵Isa. lxvi. 2. tum etiam promissa Dei, seu præsentem hanc vitam seu futuram spectent, amplexando,¹⁴²⁶¹⁴²⁶Heb. xi. 13; 1 Tim. iv. 8. pro varia nempe ratione illarum rerum, quæ in singulis verbi partibus continentur. Verum fidei salvificæ actus illi sunt præcipui, Christi acceptatio et receptio, in eumque solum

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Chapter XV.	Cap. XV.
for justification, sanctification, and eternal life, by virtue of the covenant of grace.¹⁴²⁷¹⁴²⁷John i. 12; Acts xvi. 31; Gal. ii. 20; Acts xv. 11.	recumbentia pro justificatione, sanctificatione, ipsaque adeo vita æterna, virtute fœderis gratiæ consequendis.¹⁴²⁸¹⁴²⁸John i. 12; Acts xvi. 31; Gal. ii. 20; Acts xv. 11.
III. This faith is different in degrees, weak or strong;¹⁴²⁹¹⁴²⁹Heb. v. 13, 14; Rom. iv. 19, 20; Matt. vi. 30; viii. 10. may be often and many ways assailed and weakened, but gets the victory;¹⁴³⁰¹⁴³⁰Luke xxii. 31, 32; Eph. vi. 16; 1 John v. 4, 5. growing up in many to the attainment of a full assurance through Christ,¹⁴³¹¹⁴³¹Heb. vi. 11, 12; x. 22; Col. ii. 2. who is both the author and finisher of our faith.¹⁴³²¹⁴³²Heb. xii. 2.	III. Fides hæc pro diversis ejus gradibus debilior est aut fortior;¹⁴³³¹⁴³³Heb. v. 13, 14; Rom. iv. 19, 20; Matt. vi. 30; viii. 10. impugnari quidem sæpenumero multisque modis ac debilitari potest, non ita tamen quin victrix evadat;¹⁴³⁴¹⁴³⁴Luke xxii. 31, 32; Eph. vi. 16; 1 John v. 4, 5. et quidem in multis ad plenum usque certitudinem per Christum adolescit,¹⁴³⁵¹⁴³⁵Heb. vi. 11, 12; x. 22; Col. ii. 2. qui fidei nostræ idem author est et consummator.¹⁴³⁶¹⁴³⁶Heb. xii. 2.
Of Repentance unto Life.	De resipiscentia ad vitam.
I. Repentance unto life is an evangelical grace,¹⁴³⁷¹⁴³⁷Zech. xii. 10; Acts xi. 18. the doctrine whereof is to be preached by every minister of the gospel, as well as that of faith in Christ.¹⁴³⁸¹⁴³⁸Luke xxiv. 47; Mark i. 15; Acts xx. 21.	I. Resipiscentia ad vitam est gratia Evangelica,¹⁴³⁹¹⁴³⁹Zech. xii. 10; Acts xi. 18. cuius quidem doctrina pariter ac illa de fide in Christum est a singulis ministris Evangelii prædicanda.
II. By it a sinner, out of the sight and sense, not only of the danger, but also of the filthiness and odiousness of his sins, as contrary to the holy nature and righteous law of God, and upon the apprehension of his mercy in Christ to such as are penitent, so grieves for and hates his sins as to turn from them all unto God,¹⁴⁴⁰¹⁴⁴⁰Ezek. xviii. 30, 31; xxxvi. 31; Isa. xxx. 22; Psa. li. 4; Jer. xxxi. 18, 19; Joel ii. 12, 13; Amos v. 15; Psa. cxix. 128; 2 Cor. vii. 11. purposing and endeavoring	II. Per eam peccator ex inspectu sensuque non solum periculi verum etiam turpitudinis, ac naturæ peccatorum suorum prorsus abominandæ.¹⁴⁴¹¹⁴⁴¹Luke xxiv. 47; Mark i. 15; Acts xx. 21. utpote sanctæ Dei naturæ, justæque legi adversantium, atque e perspecta ejus erga pœnitentes in Christo misericordia, ita peccata sua deflet ac detestatur, ut ab eis omnibus ad Deum convertatur¹⁴⁴²¹⁴⁴²Ezek. xviii. 30, 31; xxxvi. 31; Isa. xxx. 22; Psa. li. 4; Jer. xxxi. 18, 19; Joel ii. 12, 13; Amos v. 15; Psa. cxix. 128; 2 Cor. vii. 11. cum proposito conatuque in cunctis mandatorum

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to walk with him in all the ways of his commandments.¹⁴⁴³¹⁴⁴³Psa. cxix. 6, 59, 106; Luke i. 6; 2 Kings xxiii. 25.	ejus viis cum eodem ambulandi.¹⁴⁴⁴¹⁴⁴⁴Psa. cxix. 6, 59, 106; Luke i. 6; 2 Kings xxiii. 25.
III. Although repentance be not to be rested in as any satisfaction for sin, or any cause of the pardon thereof,¹⁴⁴⁵¹⁴⁴⁵Ezek. xxxvi. 31, 32; xvi. 61–63. which is the act of God's free grace in Christ;¹⁴⁴⁶¹⁴⁴⁶Hos. xiv. 2, 4; Rom. iii. 24; Eph. i. 7. yet is it of such necessity to all sinners that none may expect pardon without it.¹⁴⁴⁷¹⁴⁴⁷Luke xiii. 3, 5; Acts xvii. 30, 31.	III. Etsi resipiscentiæ nobis fidendum non sit, ac si ea esset ulla aut pro peccatis satisfactio, aut causa remissionis peccatorum¹⁴⁴⁸¹⁴⁴⁸Ezek. xxxvi. 31, 32; xvi. 61–63. (qui gratiæ Dei in Christo gratuitæ actus est),¹⁴⁴⁹¹⁴⁴⁹Hos. xiv. 2, 4; Rom. iii. 24; Eph. i. 7. est nihilominus cunctis peccatoribus usque adeo necessaria, ut sine ea nulla cuivis unquam remissio sit expectanda.¹⁴⁵⁰¹⁴⁵⁰Luke xiii. 3, 5; Acts xvii. 30, 31.
IV. As there is no sin so small but it deserves damnation,¹⁴⁵¹¹⁴⁵¹Rom. vi. 23; v. 12; Matt. xii. 36. so there is no sin so great that it can bring damnation upon those who truly repent.¹⁴⁵²¹⁴⁵²Isa. lv. 7; Rom. viii. 1; Isa. i. 16, 18.	IV. Quemadmodum nullum est peccatum adeo exiguum ut damnationem non mereatur,¹⁴⁵³¹⁴⁵³Rom. vi. 23; v. 12; Matt. xii. 36. ita neque magnum adeo peccatum ullum est, ut damnationem inferre possit vere pœnitentibus.¹⁴⁵⁴¹⁴⁵⁴Isa. lv. 7; Rom. viii. 1; Isa. i. 16, 18.
V. Men ought not to content themselves with a general repentance, but it is every man's duty to endeavor to repent of his particular sins particularly.¹⁴⁵⁵¹⁴⁵⁵Psa. xix. 13; Luke xix. 8; 1 Tim. i. 13, 15.	V. In resipiscentia generali acquiescendum non est, verum ad id contendere tenetur quisque, ut singulorum suorum peccatorum quam particularem agat pœnitentiam.¹⁴⁵⁶¹⁴⁵⁶Psa. xix. 13; Luke xix. 8; 1 Tim. i. 13, 15.
VI. As every man is bound to make private confession of his sins to God, praying for the pardon thereof,¹⁴⁵⁷¹⁴⁵⁷Psa. li. 4, 5, 7, 9, 14; xxxii. 5, 6. upon which, and the forsaking of them, he shall find mercy;¹⁴⁵⁸¹⁴⁵⁸Prov. xxviii. 13; 1 John i. 9. so he that scandalizeth his brother, or the Church of Christ, ought to be willing, by a private or public confession and sorrow for his sin, to declare his repentance	VI. Quemadmodum autem tenetur quivis peccata sua Deo privatim confiteri, et pro remissione illorum precibus contendere:¹⁴⁵⁹¹⁴⁵⁹Psa. li. 4, 5, 7, 9, 14; xxxii. 5, 6. (quod si præstiterit et peccata simul dereliquerit, misericordiam consequetur)¹⁴⁶⁰¹⁴⁶⁰Prov. xxviii. 13; 1 John i. 9. ita qui fratri suo, aut Ecclesiæ Christi, scandalo fuerit, promptus et paratus esse debet qua confessione sive privata, sive etiam publica, qua de peccatis

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Chapter XVI.	Cap. XVI.
to those that are offended,¹⁴⁶¹¹⁴⁶¹James v. 16; Luke xvii. 3, 4; Josh. vii. 19; Psa. li. throughout. who are thereupon to be reconciled to him, and in love to receive him.¹⁴⁶²¹⁴⁶²2 Cor. ii. 8; [Amer. ed. Gal. vi. 1, 2].	suis dolore, resipiscentiam suam eis quibus offendiculo fuerit declarare,¹⁴⁶³¹⁴⁶³James v. 16; Luke xvii. 3, 4; Josh. vii. 19; Psa. li. throughout. quo præstito illi redire cum eo in gratiam debent, eumque denuo cum charitate recipere.¹⁴⁶⁴¹⁴⁶⁴2 Cor. ii. 8; [Amer. ed. Gal. vi. 1, 2].
Of Good Works.	De bonis operibus.
I. Good works are only such as God hath commanded in his holy Word,¹⁴⁶⁵¹⁴⁶⁵Micah vi. 8; Rom. xii. 2; Heb. xiii. 21. and not such as, without the warrant thereof, are devised by men out of blind zeal, or upon any pretense of good intention.¹⁴⁶⁶¹⁴⁶⁶Matt. xv. 9; Isa. xxix. 13; 1 Pet. i. 18; Rom. x. 2; John xvi. 2; 1 Sam. xv. 21–23.	I. Bona opera ea tantum sunt quæ in verbo suo sancto præcepit Deus;¹⁴⁶⁷¹⁴⁶⁷Micah vi. 8; Rom. xii. 2; Heb. xiii. 21. minime autem ea quæ absque ulla illius authoritate, sunt ab hominibus excogitata, sive e cæco zelo id factum fuerit, seu bonæ intentionis prætextu quoviscunque.¹⁴⁶⁸¹⁴⁶⁸Matt. xv. 9; Isa. xxix. 13; 1 Pet. i. 18; Rom. x. 2; John xvi. 2; 1 Sam. xv. 21–23.
II. These good works, done in obedience to God's commandments, are the fruits and evidences of a true and lively faith;¹⁴⁶⁹¹⁴⁶⁹James ii. 18, 22. and by them believers manifest their thankfulness,¹⁴⁷⁰¹⁴⁷⁰Psa. cxvi. 12, 13; 1 Pet. ii. 9. strengthen their assurance,¹⁴⁷¹¹⁴⁷¹1 John ii. 3, 5; 2 Pet i. 5–10. edify their brethren,¹⁴⁷²¹⁴⁷²2 Cor. ix. 2; Matt. v. 16. adorn the profession of the gospel,¹⁴⁷³¹⁴⁷³Tit. ii. 5, 9–12; 1 Tim. vi. 1. stop the mouths of the adversaries,¹⁴⁷⁴¹⁴⁷⁴1 Pet. ii. 15. and glorify God,¹⁴⁷⁵¹⁴⁷⁵1 Pet. ii. 12; Phil. i. 11; John xv. 8. whose workmanship they are, created in Christ Jesus thereunto,¹⁴⁷⁶¹⁴⁷⁶Eph. ii. 10. that, having their fruit unto holiness, they may have the end, eternal life.¹⁴⁷⁷¹⁴⁷⁷Rom. vi. 22.	II. Bona hæc opera e conscientia mandatorum Dei præstita vivæ veræque fidei fructus sunt ac evidentiæ;¹⁴⁷⁸¹⁴⁷⁸James ii. 18, 22. per hæc fideles gratitudinem suam manifestant,¹⁴⁷⁹¹⁴⁷⁹Psa. cxvi. 12, 13; 1 Pet. ii. 9. de salute certitudinem suam augent,¹⁴⁸⁰¹⁴⁸⁰1 John ii. 3, 5; 2 Pet i. 5–10. fratres suos ædificant,¹⁴⁸¹¹⁴⁸¹2 Cor. ix. 2; Matt. v. 16. Evangelii professionem ornant,¹⁴⁸²¹⁴⁸²Tit. ii. 5, 9–12; 1 Tim. vi. 1. obturant ora adversantibus,¹⁴⁸³¹⁴⁸³1 Pet. ii. 15. ac Deum denique glorificant,¹⁴⁸⁴¹⁴⁸⁴1 Pet. ii. 12; Phil. i. 11; John xv. 8. cuius opificium sunt in Jesu Christo ad hæc creati,¹⁴⁸⁵¹⁴⁸⁵Eph. ii. 10. quo fructum habentes ad sanctimoniam, finem consequantur æternam vitam.¹⁴⁸⁶¹⁴⁸⁶Rom. vi. 22.
III. Their ability to do good	III. Quod bonis operibus idonei

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works is not at all of themselves, but wholly from the Spirit of Christ.¹⁴⁸⁷¹⁴⁸⁷John xv. 4–6; Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27. And that they may be enabled thereunto, besides the graces they have already received, there is required an actual influence of the same Holy Spirit to work in them to will and to do of his good pleasure;¹⁴⁸⁸¹⁴⁸⁸Phil. ii. 13; iv. 13; 2 Cor. iii. 5. yet are they not hereupon to grow negligent, as if they were not bound to perform any duty unless upon a special motion of the Spirit; but they ought to be diligent in stirring up the grace of God that is in them.¹⁴⁸⁹¹⁴⁸⁹Phil. ii. 12; Heb. vi. 11, 12; 2 Pet. i. 3, 5, 10, 11; Isa. lxiv. 7; 2 Tim. i. 6; Acts xxvi. 6, 7; Jude 20, 21.	sint præstandis omnino id a spiritu Christi est, nullatenus autem e seipsis.¹⁴⁹⁰¹⁴⁹⁰John xv. 4–6; Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27. Et quo eis præstandis pares fiant, prater habitus gratiæ iam infusos, ejusdem Spiritus sancti actualis porro requiritur influentia, qua nempe in iis operetur tum velle tum etiam efficere pro suo ipsius beneplacito:¹⁴⁹¹¹⁴⁹¹Phil. ii. 13; iv. 13; 2 Cor. iii. 5. sed neque tamen iis proinde socordiæ sese licet permittere; ac si nisi specialiter eos excitante Spiritu ad nulla pietatis officia præstanda tenerentur; verum sedulam debent navare operam sustitandæ illi quæ in iis est divinæ gratiæ.¹⁴⁹²¹⁴⁹²Phil. ii. 12; Heb. vi. 11, 12; 2 Pet. i. 3, 5, 10, 11; Isa. lxiv. 7; 2 Tim. i. 6; Acts xxvi. 6, 7; Jude 20, 21.
IV. They who in their obedience attain to the greatest height which is possible in this life, are so far from being able to supererogate and to do more than God requires, as¹⁴⁹³¹⁴⁹³[Amer. ed. omits as.] that they fall short of much which in duty they are bound to do.¹⁴⁹⁴¹⁴⁹⁴Luke xvii. 10; Neh. xiii. 22; Job ix. 2, 3; Gal. v. 17.	IV. Qui gradum obedientiæ summum quidem in hac vita possibilem assequuntur, tantum abest ut supererogare quicquam possint ac plus præstare quam quod Deus requisiverit, ut multum sane subsidant infra illud, quod ex officio præstare obligantur.¹⁴⁹⁵¹⁴⁹⁵Luke xvii. 10; Neh. xiii. 22; Job ix. 2, 3; Gal. v. 17.
V. We can not, by our best works, merit pardon of sin, or eternal life at the hand of God, by reason of the great disproportion that is between them and the glory to come, and the infinite distance that is between us and God, whom by them we can neither profit nor satisfy	V. Peccatorum veniam, aut vitam æternam de Deo mereri non valemus, ne optimis quidem operibus nostris; cum propter summam illam inter ea et futuram gloriam disparitatem; tum etiam propter infinitam distantiam quæ inter nos ac Deum intercedit; cui nos per illa nec prodesse

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for the debt of our former sins;¹⁴⁹⁶¹⁴⁹⁶Rom. iii. 20; iv. 2, 4, 6; Eph. ii. 8, 9; Titus iii. 5–7; Rom. viii. 18; Psa. xvi. 2; Job xxii. 2, 3; xxxv. 7, 8. but when we have done all we can, we have done but our duty, and are unprofitable servants;¹⁴⁹⁷¹⁴⁹⁷Luke xvii. 10. and because, as they are good, they proceed from his Spirit;¹⁴⁹⁸¹⁴⁹⁸Gal. v. 22, 23. and as they are wrought by us, they are defiled and mixed with so much weakness and imperfection that they can not endure the severity of God's judgment.¹⁴⁹⁹¹⁴⁹⁹Isa. lxiv. 6; Gal. v. 17; Rom. vii. 15, 18; Psa. cxliii. 2; cxxx. 3.	quicquam possumus, neque pro antecedentium peccatorum nostrorum debito satisfacere;¹⁵⁰⁰¹⁵⁰⁰Rom. iii. 20; iv. 2, 4, 6; Eph. ii. 8, 9; Titus iii. 5–7; Rom. viii. 18; Psa. xvi. 2; Job xxii. 2, 3; xxxv. 7, 8. verum cum quantum possumus fecerimus, non nisi quod debemus præstiterimus, ac servi inutiles futuri sumus;¹⁵⁰¹¹⁵⁰¹Luke xvii. 10. tum denique quoniam a spiritu Dei in quantum bona sunt proficiscuntur,¹⁵⁰²¹⁵⁰²Gal. v. 22, 23. ita vero sunt coinquinata, tantumque imperfectionis ac infirmitas admistum habent, prout a nobis efficiuntur, ut strictum Dei judicium non sint ferendo.¹⁵⁰³¹⁵⁰³Isa. lxiv. 6; Gal. v. 17; Rom. vii. 15, 18; Psa. cxliii. 2; cxxx. 3.
VI. Yet notwithstanding, the persons of believers being accepted through Christ, their good works also are accepted in him,¹⁵⁰⁴¹⁵⁰⁴Eph. i. 6; 1 Pet. ii. 5; Exod. xxviii. 38; Gen. iv. 4 with Heb. xi. 4. not as though they were in this life wholly unblamable and unreprovable in God's sight;¹⁵⁰⁵¹⁵⁰⁵Job ix. 20; Psa. cxliii. 2. but that he, looking upon them in his Son, is pleased to accept and reward that which is sincere, although accompanied with many weaknesses and imperfections.¹⁵⁰⁶¹⁵⁰⁶Heb. xiii. 20, 21; 2 Cor. viii. 12; Heb. vi. 10; Matt. xxv. 21, 23.	VI. Nihilominus tamen acceptis in gratiam per Christum fidelium personis, eorum etiam opera bona per eundem accepta sunt;¹⁵⁰⁷¹⁵⁰⁷Eph. i. 6; 1 Pet. ii. 5; Exod. xxviii. 38; Gen. iv. 4 with Heb. xi. 4. non quod in hac vita sint omnis culpæ prorsus immunia, quæque in conspectu Dei nullam reprehensionem mereantur;¹⁵⁰⁸¹⁵⁰⁸Job ix. 20; Psa. cxliii. 2. verum quod illa respiciens in filio suo Deus, quod sincerum est, utcunque multis infirmitatibus ac imperfectionibus involutum, acceptare dignetur ac remunerari.¹⁵⁰⁹¹⁵⁰⁹Heb. xiii. 20, 21; 2 Cor. viii. 12; Heb. vi. 10; Matt. xxv. 21, 23.
VII. Works done by unregenerate men, although for the matter of them they may be things which God commands, and of good use both to themselves and others;¹⁵¹⁰¹⁵¹⁰2 Kings x. 30, 31; 1 Kings xxi. 27, 29; Phil. i. 15, 16, 18.	VII. Opera nondum regenitorum, licet, quoad materiam præcepto divino conformia esse possint, sibique ipsis et aliis item utilia;¹⁵¹¹¹⁵¹¹2 Kings x. 30, 31; 1 Kings xxi. 27, 29; Phil. i. 15, 16, 18. cum tamen neque a corde profluant per fidem

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Chapter XVII.	Cap. XVII.
yet because they proceed not from a heart purified by faith,¹⁵¹²¹⁵¹²Gen. iv. 3–5 with Heb. xi. 4, 6. nor are done in a right manner, according to the Word,¹⁵¹³¹⁵¹³1 Cor. xiii. 3; Isa. i. 12. nor to a right end, the glory of God;¹⁵¹⁴¹⁵¹⁴Matt. vi. 2, 5, 16. they are therefore sinful, and can not please God, or make a man meet to receive grace from God.¹⁵¹⁵¹⁵¹⁵Hag. ii. 14; Titus i. 15; Amos v. 21, 22; Hos. i. 4; Rom. ix. 16; Titus iii. 5. And yet their neglect of them is more sinful and displeasing unto God.¹⁵¹⁶¹⁵¹⁶Psa. xiv. 4; xxxvi. 3; Job xxi. 14, 15; Matt. xxv. 41–45; xxiii. 23.	depurato,¹⁵¹⁷¹⁵¹⁷Gen. iv. 3–5 with Heb. xi. 4, 6. nec secundum verbum eo quo par est præstentur modo,¹⁵¹⁸¹⁵¹⁸1 Cor. xiii. 3; Isa. i. 12. sed neque ad finem debitum, Dei nempe gloriam, destinentur;¹⁵¹⁹¹⁵¹⁹Matt. vi. 2, 5, 16. sunt proinde peccata, nec Deo grata esse possunt, nec reddere quenquam valent idoneum ad gratiam a Deo recipiendum.¹⁵²⁰¹⁵²⁰Hag. ii. 14; Titus i. 15; Amos v. 21, 22; Hos. i. 4; Rom. ix. 16; Titus iii. 5. Ejusmodi tamen operum neglectu, gravius quidem illi peccant Deumque offendunt vehementius.¹⁵²¹¹⁵²¹Psa. xiv. 4; xxxvi. 3; Job xxi. 14, 15; Matt. xxv. 41–45; xxiii. 23.
Of the Perseverance of the Saints.	De perseverantia Sanctorum.
I. They whom God hath accepted in his Beloved, effectually called and sanctified by his Spirit, can neither totally nor finally fall away from the state of grace; but shall certainly persevere therein to the end, and be eternally saved.¹⁵²²¹⁵²²Phil. i. 6; 2 Pet. i. 10; John x. 28, 29; 1 John iii. 9; 1 Pet. i. 5, 9; [Am. ed. Job xvii. 9].	I. Quotquot Deus in dilecto suo acceptavit, vocavit efficaciter ac per Spiritum suum sanctificavit, non possunt illi statu gratiæ aut finaliter excidere aut totaliter; verum in eo ad finem usque certo perseverabunt, ac salutem æternam consequentur.¹⁵²³¹⁵²³Phil. i. 6; 2 Pet. i. 10; John x. 28, 29; 1 John iii. 9; 1 Pet. i. 5, 9; [Am. ed. Job xvii. 9].
II. This perseverance of the saints depends, not upon their own freewill, but upon the immutability of the decree of election, flowing from the free and unchangeable love of God the Father;¹⁵²⁴¹⁵²⁴2 Tim. ii. 18, 19; Jer. xxxi. 3. upon the efficacy of the merit and intercession of Jesus Christ;¹⁵²⁵¹⁵²⁵Heb. x. 10, 14; xiii. 20, 21; ix. 12–15; Rom. viii. 33, to the end; John xvii. 11, 24; Luke xxii. 32; Heb. vii. 25. the abiding	II. hæc autem sanctorum perseverantia, non pendet a libero ipsorum arbitrio, verum a decreti electionis immutabilitate (quod ex amore Dei Patris fluxit, gratuito illo ac immutabili),¹⁵²⁶¹⁵²⁶2 Tim. ii. 18, 19; Jer. xxxi. 3. a meriti Jesu Christi ac intercessionis efficacia,¹⁵²⁷¹⁵²⁷Heb. x. 10, 14; xiii. 20, 21; ix. 12–15; Rom. viii. 33, to the end; John xvii. 11, 24; Luke xxii. 32; Heb. vii. 25. a Spiritus et seminis Dei in iis permansione;¹⁵²⁸¹⁵²⁸John xiv. 16, 17; 1 John ii. 27; iii. 9

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Chapter XVIII.	Cap. XVIII.
of the Spirit and of the seed of God within them;¹⁵²⁹¹⁵²⁹John xiv. 16, 17; 1 John ii. 27; iii. 9. and the nature of the covenant of grace:¹⁵³⁰¹⁵³⁰Jer. xxxii. 40; [Am. ed. Heb. viii. 10–12]. from all which ariseth also the certainty and infallibility thereof.¹⁵³¹¹⁵³¹John x. 28; 2 Thess. iii. 3; 1 John ii. 19; [Am. ed. 1 Thess. v. 23, 24].	a natura denique fœderis gratiæ;¹⁵³²¹⁵³²Jer. xxxii. 40; [Am. ed. Heb. viii. 10–12]. e quibus omnibus etiam emergit certitudo ejusdem et infallibilitas.¹⁵³³¹⁵³³John x. 28; 2 Thess. iii. 3; 1 John ii. 19; [Am. ed. 1 Thess. v. 23, 24].
III. Nevertheless they may, through the temptations of Satan and of the world, the prevalency of corruption remaining in them, and the neglect of the means of their preservation, fall into grievous sins;¹⁵³⁴¹⁵³⁴Matt. xxvi. 70, 72, 74. and for a time continue therein:¹⁵³⁵¹⁵³⁵Psa. li. title and verse 14; [Am. ed. 2 Sam. xii. 9, 13]. whereby they incur God's displeasure,¹⁵³⁶¹⁵³⁶Isa. lxiv. 5, 7, 9; 2 Sam. xi. 27. and grieve his Holy Spirit;¹⁵³⁷¹⁵³⁷Eph. iv. 30. come to be deprived of some measure of their graces and comforts;¹⁵³⁸¹⁵³⁸Psa. li. 8, 10, 12; Rev. ii. 4; Cant. v. 2, 3, 4, 6. have their hearts hardened,¹⁵³⁹¹⁵³⁹Isa. xxxvi. 17; Mark vi. 52; xvi. 14; [Am. ed. Psa. xcv. 8]. and their consciences wounded;¹⁵⁴⁰¹⁵⁴⁰Psa. xxxii. 3, 4; li. 8. hurt and scandalize others,¹⁵⁴¹¹⁵⁴¹2 Sam. xii. 14. and bring temporal judgments upon themselves.¹⁵⁴²¹⁵⁴²Psa. lxxxix. 31, 32; 1 Cor. xi. 32.	III. Nihilo tamen minus fieri potest ut iidem illi, qua Satanæ mundique tentatione, qua manentis adhuc in iis corruptionis prævalentia, et neglectu mediorum conservationis suæ, in peccata gravia incidant,¹⁵⁴³¹⁵⁴³Matt. xxvi. 70, 72, 74. in eisque ad tempus commorentur;¹⁵⁴⁴¹⁵⁴⁴Psa. li. title and verse 14; [Am. ed. 2 Sam. xii. 9, 13]. unde iram Dei sibi ipsis contrahunt,¹⁵⁴⁵¹⁵⁴⁵Isa. lxiv. 5, 7, 9; 2 Sam. xi. 27.; ejusque Spiritum Sanctum contristant,¹⁵⁴⁶¹⁵⁴⁶Eph. iv. 30. gratias suas et consolationes quadantenus et quoad gradus nonnullos amittunt,¹⁵⁴⁷¹⁵⁴⁷Psa. li. 8, 10, 12; Rev. ii. 4; Cant. v. 2, 3, 4, 6. corda sibi habent indurata,¹⁵⁴⁸¹⁵⁴⁸Isa. xxxvi. 17; Mark vi. 52; xvi. 14; [Am. ed. Psa. xcv. 8]. et vulneratas conscientias;¹⁵⁴⁹¹⁵⁴⁹Psa. xxxii. 3, 4; li. 8. aliis nocumento sunt et offendiculo,¹⁵⁵⁰¹⁵⁵⁰2 Sam. xii. 14. sibimet ipsis denique accersunt judicia Dei temporalia.¹⁵⁵¹¹⁵⁵¹Psa. lxxxix. 31, 32; 1 Cor. xi. 32.
Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation.	De certitudine gratiæ et salutis.
I. Although hypocrites and other unregenerate men may vainly deceive themselves with false hopes and carnal presumptions of being in the favor of God and estate of salvation,¹⁵⁵²¹⁵⁵²Job viii. 13, 14; Micah iii. 11; Deut. xxix. 19; John viii. 41. which hope of theirs	I. Quamvis fieri potest ut hypocritæ aliique homines non regeniti spe vana falsisque (pro corruptæ naturæ more) opinionibus præsumptis, se decipiant, favorem Dei, statumque salutis sibi falso arrogantes;¹⁵⁵³¹⁵⁵³Job viii. 13, 14; Micah iii. 11; Deut. xxix. 19; John viii. 41. quæ illorum

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shall perish:¹⁵⁵⁴¹⁵⁵⁴Matt. vii. 22, 23; [Am. ed. Job viii. 13]. yet such as truly believe in the Lord Jesus, and love him in sincerity, endeavoring to walk in all good conscience before him, may in this life be certainly assured that they are in a state of grace,¹⁵⁵⁵¹⁵⁵⁵1 John ii. 3; iii. 14, 18, 19, 21, 24; v. 13. and may rejoice in the hope of the glory of God, which hope shall never make them ashamed.¹⁵⁵⁶¹⁵⁵⁶Rom. v. 2, 5.	spes peribit:¹⁵⁵⁷¹⁵⁵⁷Matt. vii. 22, 23; [Am. ed. Job viii. 13]. qui tamen in Dominum Jesum vere credunt, eumque sincere diligunt, studentes coram ipso in omni bona conscientia ambulare; evadere possunt in hac vita certi se in statu gratiæ esse constitutos;¹⁵⁵⁸¹⁵⁵⁸1 John ii. 3; iii. 14, 18, 19, 21, 24; v. 13. quin etiam lætari possunt spe gloriæ Dei, quæ quidem spes nunquam eos pudefaciet.¹⁵⁵⁹¹⁵⁵⁹Rom. v. 2, 5.
II. This certainty is not a bare conjectural and probable persuasion, grounded upon a fallible hope;¹⁵⁶⁰¹⁵⁶⁰Heb. vi. 11, 19. but an infallible assurance of faith, founded upon the divine truth of the promises of salvation,¹⁵⁶¹¹⁵⁶¹Heb. vi. 17, 18. the inward evidence of those graces unto which these promises are made,¹⁵⁶²¹⁵⁶²2 Pet. i. 4, 5, 10, 11; 1 John ii. 3; iii. 14; 2 Cor. i. 12. the testimony of the Spirit of adoption witnessing with our spirits that we are the children of God:¹⁵⁶³¹⁵⁶³Rom. viii. 15, 16. which Spirit is the earnest of our inheritance, whereby we are sealed to the day of redemption.¹⁵⁶⁴¹⁵⁶⁴Eph. i. 13, 14; iv. 30; 2 Cor. i. 21, 22.	II. Hæc certitudo non est persuasio mere conjecturalis et probabilis, innixa spe fallaci;¹⁵⁶⁵¹⁵⁶⁵Heb. vi. 11, 19. verum infallibilis quædam fidei certitudo, fundamentum habens divinam promissionum salutis veritatem;¹⁵⁶⁶¹⁵⁶⁶Heb. vi. 17, 18. gratiarum, quibus promissiones illæ fiunt internam evidentiam;¹⁵⁶⁷¹⁵⁶⁷2 Pet. i. 4, 5, 10, 11; 1 John ii. 3; iii. 14; 2 Cor. i. 12. testimonium denique spiritus adoptionis una cum spiritibus nostris testificantis nos esse filios Dei;¹⁵⁶⁸¹⁵⁶⁸Rom. viii. 15, 16. qui quidem spiritus arrhabo est hæreditatis nostræ, quo in diem redemtionis sigillamur.¹⁵⁶⁹¹⁵⁶⁹Eph. i. 13, 14; iv. 30; 2 Cor. i. 21, 22.
III. This infallible assurance doth not so belong to the essence of faith, but that a true believer may wait long, and conflict with many difficulties before he be partaker of it:¹⁵⁷⁰¹⁵⁷⁰1 John v. 13; Isa. l. 10; Mark ix. 24; Psa. lxxxviii. throughout; lxxvii. to ver. 12. yet, being enabled by the Spirit to know the things which are freely given him of God, he	III. Hæc certitudo infallibilis, non ita spectat essentiam fidei, quin vere fidelis expectare quandoque diutius, et cum variis difficultatibus confligere prius possit, quam illius compos fiat,¹⁵⁷¹¹⁵⁷¹1 John v. 13; Isa. l. 10; Mark ix. 24; Psa. lxxxviii. throughout; lxxvii. to ver. 12. verum poterit idem ordinariorum usu debito mediorum, absque revelatione ulla extraordinaria

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may, without extraordinary revelation, in the right use of ordinary means, attain thereunto.¹⁵⁷²¹⁵⁷²1 Cor. ii. 12; 1 John iv. 13; Heb. vi. 11, 12; Eph. iii. 17–19. And therefore it is the duty of every one to give all diligence to make his calling and election sure;¹⁵⁷³¹⁵⁷³2 Pet. i. 10. that thereby his heart may be enlarged in peace and joy in the Holy Ghost, in love and thankfulness to God, and in strength and cheerfulness in the duties of obedience, the proper fruits of this assurance:¹⁵⁷⁴¹⁵⁷⁴Rom. v. 1, 2, 5; Rom. xiv. 17; xv. 13; Eph. i. 3, 4; Psa. iv. 6, 7; cxix. 32. so far is it from inclining men to looseness.¹⁵⁷⁵¹⁵⁷⁵1 John ii. 1, 2; Rom. vi. 1, 2; Titus ii. 11, 12, 14; 2 Cor. vii. 1; Rom. viii. 1, 12; 1 John iii. 2, 3; Psa. cxxx. 4; 1 John i. 6, 7.

eam adipisci,¹⁵⁷⁶¹⁵⁷⁶1 Cor. ii. 12; 1 John iv. 13; Heb. vi. 11, 12; Eph. iii. 17–19. spiritu nempe quæ Deus illi gratuito donaverit cognoscendi facultatem subministrante. Proindeque tenetur quisque, quo vocationem suam sibi et electionem certmn faciat, omnem adhibere diligentiam,¹⁵⁷⁷¹⁵⁷⁷2 Pet. i. 10. unde cor suum habeat pace et gaudio in spiritu sancto, in Deum amore et gratitudine, in actibus observantiæ robore et alacritate dilatatum; qui certitudinus huius fructus proprii sunt ac genuini.¹⁵⁷⁸¹⁵⁷⁸Rom. v. 1, 2, 5; Rom. xiv. 17; xv. 13; Eph. i. 3, 4; Psa. iv. 6, 7; cxix. 32. Tantum abest ut homines inde ad omnem nequitiam discingantur.¹⁵⁷⁹¹⁵⁷⁹1 John ii. 1, 2; Rom. vi. 1, 2; Titus ii. 11, 12, 14; 2 Cor. vii. 1; Rom. viii. 1, 12; 1 John iii. 2, 3; Psa. cxxx. 4; 1 John i. 6, 7.

IV. True believers may have the assurance of their salvation divers ways shaken, diminished, and intermitted; as, by negligence in preserving of it; by falling into some special sin, which woundeth, the conscience, and grieveth the Spirit; by some sudden or vehement temptation; by God's withdrawing the light of his countenance, and suffering even such as fear him to walk in darkness and to have no light:¹⁵⁸⁰¹⁵⁸⁰Cant. v. 2, 3, 6; Psa. li. 8, 12, 14; Eph. iv. 30, 31; Psa. lxxvii. 1–10; Matt. xxvi. 69–72; Psa. xxxi. 22; lxxxviii. throughout; Isa. l. 10. yet are they never utterly destitute of that seed of God, and life of faith, that love of Christ and the brethren, that sincerity of heart and conscience of duty, out

IV. Certitudo salutis vere fidelibus multifariam concuti potest et imminui imo et quandoque interrumpi; conservandi scilicet eam incuria; lapsu in peccatum aliquod insigne, quod conscientiam vulnerat, spiritumque contristat; tentatione aliqua vehementi ac subitanea; uti etiam Deo vultus sui lumen subducente, ac permittente ut vel illi qui ipsum timent in tenebris ambulent omni prorsus lumine viduati:¹⁵⁸¹¹⁵⁸¹Cant. v. 2, 3, 6; Psa. li. 8, 12, 14; Eph. iv. 30, 31; Psa. lxxvii. 1–10; Matt. xxvi. 69–72; Psa. xxxi. 22; lxxxviii. throughout; Isa. l. 10. nunquam tamen destituuntur penitus illo Dei semine vitaque fidei. Christi illa fratrumque dilectione, ea sinceritate cordis et pietatis officia præstandi conscientia; unde per

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Chapter XIX.	Cap. XIX.
of which, by the operation of the Spirit, this assurance may in due time be revived,¹⁵⁸²¹⁵⁸²1 John iii. 9; Luke xxii. 32; Job xiii. 15; Psa. lxxiii. 15; li. 8, 12; Isa. 1. 10. and by the which, in the mean time, they are supported from utter despair.¹⁵⁸³¹⁵⁸³Micah vii. 7–9; Jer. lii. 40; Isa. liv. 7–10; Psa. xxii. 1; lxxxviii. throughout.	operationem spiritus eadem illa certitudo tempestive possit reviviscere:¹⁵⁸⁴¹⁵⁸⁴1 John iii. 9; Luke xxii. 32; Job xiii. 15; Psa. lxxiii. 15; li. 8, 12; Isa. 1. 10. quibusque interim ne prorsus in desperationem ruant suffulciuntur.¹⁵⁸⁵¹⁵⁸⁵Micah vii. 7–9; Jer. lii. 40; Isa. liv. 7–10; Psa. xxii. 1; lxxxviii. throughout.
Of the Law of God.	De Lege Dei.
I. God gave to Adam a law, as a covenant of works, by which he bound him and all his posterity to personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience; promised life upon the fulfilling, and threatened death upon the breach of it; and endued him with power and ability to keep it.¹⁵⁸⁶¹⁵⁸⁶Gen. i. 26, 27, with Gen. ii. 17; Rom. ii. 14, 15; x. 5; v. 12, 19; Gal. iii. 10, 12; Eccles. vii. 29; Job xxviii. 28.	I. Deus Adamo legem dedit ut fœdus operum, quo cum illum ipsum tum posteros ejus omnes, ad obedientiam personalem, integram, exquisitam simul et perpetuam obligavit, pollicitus vitam si observarent, violatoribus autem mortem interminatus; eundemque potentia et viribus imbuit, quibus par esset illam observando.¹⁵⁸⁷¹⁵⁸⁷Gen. i. 26, 27, with Gen. ii. 17; Rom. ii. 14, 15; x. 5; v. 12, 19; Gal. iii. 10, 12; Eccles. vii. 29; Job xxviii. 28.
II. This law, after his fall, continued to be a perfect rule of righteousness; and, as such, was delivered by God upon mount Sinai in ten commandments, and written in two tables;¹⁵⁸⁸¹⁵⁸⁸James i. 25; ii. 8, 10–12; Rom. xiii. 8, 9; Deut. v. 32; x. 4; Exod. xxxiv. 1; [Am. ed. Rom. iii. 19]. the first four commandments containing our duty towards God, and the other six our duty to man.¹⁵⁸⁹¹⁵⁸⁹Matt. xxii. 37–40; [Am. ed. Exod. xx. 3–18].	II. Lex ista post lapsum non desiit esse justitiæ regula perfectissima; quo etiam nomine a Deo est in monte Sinai tradita, tabulis duabus descripta, decem præceptis comprehensa;¹⁵⁹⁰¹⁵⁹⁰James i. 25; ii. 8, 10–12; Rom. xiii. 8, 9; Deut. v. 32; x. 4; Exod. xxxiv. 1; [Am. ed. Rom. iii. 19]. quorum quatuor prima officium nostrum erga Deum, sex autem reliqua nostrum erga homines officium complectuntur.¹⁵⁹¹¹⁵⁹¹Matt. xxii. 37–40; [Am. ed. Exod. xx. 3–18].
III. Beside this law, commonly called moral, God was pleased to give to the people of Israel, as a Church under age, ceremonial laws, containing several typical ordinances,	III. Præter autem hanc legem, quæ moralis vulgo audit, visum est Deo ut populo Israelitico tanquam Ecclesiæ minorenni leges daret ceremoniales instituta typica multifaria

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partly of worship, prefiguring Christ, his graces, actions, sufferings, and benefits;¹⁵⁹²¹⁵⁹²Heb. ix.; x. 1; Gal. iv. 1–3; Col. ii. 17. and partly holding forth divers instructions of moral duties.¹⁵⁹³¹⁵⁹³1 Cor. v. 7; 2 Cor. vi. 17; Jude 23. All which ceremonial laws are now abrogated under the New Testament.¹⁵⁹⁴¹⁵⁹⁴Col. ii. 14, 16, 17; Dan. ix. 27; Eph. ii. 15, 16.	continentes; partim de cultu, Christi gratias, actiones, perpessiones ac beneficia præfigurantia;¹⁵⁹⁵¹⁵⁹⁵Heb. ix.; x. 1; Gal. iv. 1–3; Col. ii. 17. partim autem de moralibus officiis institutiones varias exhibentia.¹⁵⁹⁶¹⁵⁹⁶1 Cor. v. 7; 2 Cor. vi. 17; Jude 23. Quæ leges ceremoniales omnes hodie sub novo instrumento sunt abrogatæ.¹⁵⁹⁷¹⁵⁹⁷Col. ii. 14, 16, 17; Dan. ix. 27; Eph. ii. 15, 16.
IV. To them also, as a body politic, he gave sundry judicial laws, which expired together with the state of that people, not obliging any other, now, further than the general equity thereof may require.¹⁵⁹⁸¹⁵⁹⁸Exod. xxi.; xxii. 1–29; Gen. xlix. 10, with 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14; Matt. v. 17, with vers. 38, 39; 1 Cor. ix. 8–10.	IV. Iisdem etiam tanquam corpori politico leges multas dedit judiciales, quæ una cum istius populi politeia expirarunt, nullos hodie alios obligantes supra quod generalis et communis earum æquitas postularit.¹⁵⁹⁹¹⁵⁹⁹Exod. xxi.; xxii. 1–29; Gen. xlix. 10, with 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14; Matt. v. 17, with vers. 38, 39; 1 Cor. ix. 8–10.
V. The moral law doth forever bind all, as well justified persons as others, to the obedience thereof;¹⁶⁰⁰¹⁶⁰⁰Rom. xiii. 8–10; Eph. vi. 2; 1 John ii. 3, 4, 7, 8; [Am. ed. Rom. iii. 31, and vi. 15]. and that not only in regard of the matter contained in it, but also in respect of the authority of God the Creator who gave it.¹⁶⁰¹¹⁶⁰¹James ii. 10, 11. Neither doth Christ in the gospel any way dissolve, but much strengthen, this obligation.¹⁶⁰²¹⁶⁰²Matt. v. 17–19; James ii. 8; Rom. iii. 31.	V. Lex moralis omnes tam justificatos quam alios quosvis perpetuo ligat ad obedientiam illi exhibendam;¹⁶⁰³¹⁶⁰³Rom. xiii. 8–10; Eph. vi. 2; 1 John ii. 3, 4, 7, 8; [Am. ed. Rom. iii. 31, and vi. 15]. neque id quidem solummodo vi materiæ quæ in illa continetur, verum etiam virtute authoritatis eandem constituentis creatoris Dei;¹⁶⁰⁴¹⁶⁰⁴James ii. 10, 11. neque sane hoc ejus vinculum in evangelio ulla ratione dissolvit Christus, verum idem plurimum confirmavit.¹⁶⁰⁵¹⁶⁰⁵Matt. v. 17–19; James ii. 8; Rom. iii. 31.
VI. Although true believers be not under the law as a covenant of works, to be thereby justified or condemned;¹⁶⁰⁶¹⁶⁰⁶Rom. vi. 14; Gal. ii. 16; iii. 13; iv. 4, 5; Acts xiii. 39; Rom. viii. 1. yet is it of great use to them, as well as to others; in that, as a rule of life, informing them of the will of God and their	VI. Quamvis vere fideles non sint sub lege tanquam sub operum fœdere, unde aut justificari possint aut condemnari:¹⁶⁰⁷¹⁶⁰⁷Rom. vi. 14; Gal. ii. 16; iii. 13; iv. 4, 5; Acts xiii. 39; Rom. viii. 1. est tamen ea illis non minus quam aliis vehementer utilis, ut quæ quum sit vitæ norma, illos voluntatem divinam suumque officium

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duty, it directs and binds them to walk accordingly;¹⁶⁰⁸¹⁶⁰⁸Rom. vii. 12, 22, 25; Psa. cxix. 4–6; 1 Cor. vii. 19; Gal. v. 14, 16, 18–23. discovering also the sinful pollutions of their nature, hearts, and lives;¹⁶⁰⁹¹⁶⁰⁹Rom. vii. 7; iii. 20. so as, examining themselves thereby, they may come to further conviction of, humiliation for, and hatred against sin;¹⁶¹⁰¹⁶¹⁰James i. 23–25; Rom. vii. 9, 14, 24. together with a clearer sight of the need they have of Christ, and the perfection of his obedience.¹⁶¹¹¹⁶¹¹Gal. iii. 24; Rom. vii. 24, 25; viii. 3, 4. It is likewise of use to the regenerate, to restrain their corruptions, in that it forbids sin;¹⁶¹²¹⁶¹²James ii. 11; Psa. cxix. 101, 104, 128. and the threatenings of it serve to show what even their sins deserve, and what afflictions in this life they may expect for them, although freed from the curse thereof threatened in the law.¹⁶¹³¹⁶¹³Ezra ix. 13, 14; Psa. lxxxix. 30–34. The promises of it, in like manner, show them God's approbation of obedience, and what blessings they may expect upon the performance thereof;¹⁶¹⁴¹⁶¹⁴Lev. xxvi. 1, 10, 14, with 2 Cor. vi. 16, Eph. vi. 2, 3; Psa. xxxvii. 11 with Matt. v. 5; Psa. xix. 11. although not as due to them by the law as a covenant of words:¹⁶¹⁵¹⁶¹⁵Gal. ii. 16; Luke xvii. 10. so as a man's doing good, and refraining from evil, because the law encourageth to the one, and deterreth from the other, is no evidence of his being under the law, and not under grace.¹⁶¹⁶¹⁶¹⁶Rom. vi. 12, 14; 1 Pet. iii. 8–12 with Psa.xxxiv. 12–16; Heb. xii. 28, 29.

edocendo dirigit simul et obligat ad consentanee ambulandum;¹⁶¹⁷¹⁶¹⁷Rom. vii. 12, 22, 25; Psa. cxix. 4–6; 1 Cor. vii. 19; Gal. v. 14, 16, 18–23. ipsisque patere facit naturæ, cordis, vitæque suæ nefaria inquinamenta:¹⁶¹⁸¹⁶¹⁸Rom. vii. 7; iii. 20. adeo ut ad illam semet exigentes, cum peccati ulterius convinci, pro eodem humiliari, ac ejusdem odio inflammari possint;¹⁶¹⁹¹⁶¹⁹James i. 23–25; Rom. vii. 9, 14, 24. tum vero etiam ut perspicere possint evidentius quam plane necessarius eis Christus, quamque perfecta sit ejusdem obedientia.¹⁶²⁰¹⁶²⁰Gal. iii. 24; Rom. vii. 24, 25; viii. 3, 4. Verum ulterius etiam regenitis ea utilis esse possit, in quantum nempe corruptiones eorum peccata prohibendo coërcet,¹⁶²¹¹⁶²¹James ii. 11; Psa. cxix. 101, 104, 128. graviter autem interminando indicat tum quid vel eorum peccata commeruerint, tum etiam quas ea propter in hac vita afflictiones expectare possint, utcunque ab earum maledictione, quam lex minatur, liberentur.¹⁶²²¹⁶²²Ezra ix. 13, 14; Psa. lxxxix. 30–34. Quinetiam promissiones ejus demonstrant iis obedientia Deo quam accepta sit et approbata; quasque illa præstita benedictiones¹⁶²³¹⁶²³Lev. xxvi. 1, 10, 14, with 2 Cor. vi. 16, Eph. vi. 2, 3; Psa. xxxvii. 11 with Matt. v. 5; Psa. xix. 11. (licet non tanquam lege debitas ex operum fœdere)¹⁶²⁴¹⁶²⁴Gal. ii. 16; Luke xvii. 10. possint illi expectare. Adeo ut quod quis bonum præstet invitante lege, a malo autem abhorreat lege deterritus, nullo prorsus argumento sit, eum sub lege esse, non vero sub gratia constitutum.¹⁶²⁵¹⁶²⁵Rom. vi. 12, 14; 1 Pet. iii. 8–12 with Psa.xxxiv. 12–16; Heb. xii. 28, 29.

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Chapter XX.	Cap. XX.
VII. Neither are the forementioned uses of the law contrary to the grace of the gospel, but do sweetly comply with it:¹⁶²⁶¹⁶²⁶Gal. iii. 21; [Am. ed. Titus ii. 11–14]. the Spirit of Christ subduing and enabling the will of man to do that freely and cheerfully which the will of God, revealed in the law, requireth to be done.¹⁶²⁷¹⁶²⁷Ezek. xxxvi. 27; Heb. viii. 10 with Jer. xxxi. 33.	VII. Neque interim Legis usus isti iam memorati, Evangelii gratiæ adversantur, sed cum eadem conspirant suaviter,¹⁶²⁸¹⁶²⁸Gal. iii. 21; [Am. ed. Titus ii. 11–14]. voluntatem humanam ita subjugante ac imbuente Christi Spiritu, ut idem illud præstare valeat spontanee ac alacriter, quod ab illa exigit voluntas Dei in lege sua revelata.¹⁶²⁹¹⁶²⁹Ezek. xxxvi. 27; Heb. viii. 10 with Jer. xxxi. 33.
Of Christian Liberty, and Liberty of Conscience.	De Libertate Christiana deque Libertate Conscientiæ.
I. The liberty which Christ hath purchased for believers under the gospel consists in their freedom from the guilt of sin, the condemning wrath of God, the curse of the moral law;¹⁶³⁰¹⁶³⁰Titus ii. 14; 1 Thess. i. 10; Gal. iii. 13. and in their being delivered from this present evil world, bondage to Satan, and dominion of sin,¹⁶³¹¹⁶³¹Gal. i. 4; Col. i. 13; Acts xxvi. 18; Rom. vi. 14. from the evil of afflictions, the sting of death, the victory of the grave, and everlasting damnation;¹⁶³²¹⁶³²Rom. viii. 28; Psa. cxix. 71; 1 Cor. xv. 54–57; Rom. viii. 1. as also in their free access to God,¹⁶³³¹⁶³³Rom. v. 1, 2. and their yielding obedience unto him, not out of slavish fear, but a childlike love and¹⁶³⁴¹⁶³⁴[Am. ed. inserts a after and.] willing mind.¹⁶³⁵¹⁶³⁵Rom. viii. 14, 15; 1 John iv. 18. All which were common also to believers under the law;¹⁶³⁶¹⁶³⁶Gal. iii. 9, 14. but under the New Testament the liberty of Christians is further enlarged in	I. Libertas quam Christus acquisivit fidelibus sub Evangelio in eo sita est, quod a reatu peccati, ab ira Dei condemnante, a legis Moralis maledictione immunes fiant,¹⁶³⁷¹⁶³⁷Titus ii. 14; 1 Thess. i. 10; Gal. iii. 13. quod a præsenti malo seculo, a dura Satanæ servitute, dominioque peccati:¹⁶³⁸¹⁶³⁸Gal. i. 4; Col. i. 13; Acts xxvi. 18; Rom. vi. 14. ab afflictionum malo, ab aculeo mortis, a sepulchri victoria ab æterna denique damnation¹⁶³⁹¹⁶³⁹Rom. viii. 28; Psa. cxix. 71; 1 Cor. xv. 54–57; Rom. viii. 1. liberentur; Quodque libere eis liceat ad Deum accedere:¹⁶⁴⁰¹⁶⁴⁰Rom. v. 1, 2. eique non e metu servile, verum e filiali dilectione, promtoque animo præbere valeant obedientiam.¹⁶⁴¹¹⁶⁴¹Rom. viii. 14, 15; 1 John iv. 18. Atque hæc quidem omnia cum fidelibus sub lege habent communia.¹⁶⁴²¹⁶⁴²Gal. iii. 9, 14. Verum sub Novo Testamento ulterius adhuc se extendit libertas Christiana; in quantum

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their freedom from the yoke of the ceremonial law, to which the Jewish Church was subjected;¹⁶⁴³¹⁶⁴³Gal. iv. 1–3, 6, 7; v. 1; Acts xv. 10, 11. and in greater boldness of access to the throne of grace,¹⁶⁴⁴¹⁶⁴⁴Heb. iv. 14, 16; x. 19–22. and in fuller communications of the free Spirit of God, than believers under the law did ordinarily partake of.¹⁶⁴⁵¹⁶⁴⁵John vii. 38, 39; 2 Cor. iii. 13, 17, 18.	nempe Legis ceremonialis jugo, cui subjecta erat Ecclesia Judaica, eximuntur;¹⁶⁴⁶¹⁶⁴⁶Gal. iv. 1–3, 6, 7; v. 1; Acts xv. 10, 11. majoremque confidentiam ad thronum gratiæ accedendi,¹⁶⁴⁷¹⁶⁴⁷Heb. iv. 14, 16; x. 19–22. sed et effusiorem gratuiti Spiritus Dei communicationem sunt consecuti, quam ordinarie sub Lege fideles participarunt.¹⁶⁴⁸¹⁶⁴⁸John vii. 38, 39; 2 Cor. iii. 13, 17, 18.
II. God alone is Lord of the conscience,¹⁶⁴⁹¹⁶⁴⁹James iv. 12; Rom. xiv. 4. and hath left it free from the doctrines and commandments of men which are in any thing contrary to his Word, or beside it in matters of faith or worship.¹⁶⁵⁰¹⁶⁵⁰Acts iv. 19; v. 29; 1 Cor. vii. 23; Matt. xxiii. 8–10; 2 Cor. i. 24; Matt. xv. 9. So that to believe such doctrines, or to obey such commands¹⁶⁵¹¹⁶⁵¹[Am. ed. commandments.] out of conscience, is to betray true liberty of conscience;¹⁶⁵²¹⁶⁵²Col. ii. 20–23; Gal. i. 10; v. 1; ii. 4, 5; Psa. v. l. and the requiring of¹⁶⁵³¹⁶⁵³[Am. ed. omits of.] an implicit faith, and an absolute and blind obedience, is to destroy liberty of conscience, and reason also.¹⁶⁵⁴¹⁶⁵⁴Rom. x. 17; xiv. 23; Isa. viii. 20; Acts xvii. 11; John iv. 22; Hos. v. 11; Rev. xiii. 12, 16, 17; Jer. viii. 9.	II. Deus solus Dominus est conscientiæ,¹⁶⁵⁵¹⁶⁵⁵James iv. 12; Rom. xiv. 4. quam certe exemit doctrinis et mandatis hominum, ubi aut verbo ejus adversantur, aut in rebus fidei et cultus quicquam ei superaddunt.¹⁶⁵⁶¹⁶⁵⁶Acts iv. 19; v. 29; 1 Cor. vii. 23; Matt. xxiii. 8–10; 2 Cor. i. 24; Matt. xv. 9. Unde qui ejusmodi aut doctrinas credunt, aut mandatis obtemperant, quasi ad id ex conscientia teneantur, veram ii conscientiæ libertatem produnt.¹⁶⁵⁷¹⁶⁵⁷Col. ii. 20–23; Gal. i. 10; v. 1; ii. 4, 5; Psa. v. l. Qui autem vel fidem implicitam, vel obedientiam absolutam cæcamque exigunt, næ illi id agunt, ut cum conscientiæ, tum rationis etiam destruant libertatem.¹⁶⁵⁸¹⁶⁵⁸Rom. x. 17; xiv. 23; Isa. viii. 20; Acts xvii. 11; John iv. 22; Hos. v. 11; Rev. xiii. 12, 16, 17; Jer. viii. 9.
III. They who, upon pretense of Christian liberty, do practice any sin, or cherish any lust, do thereby destroy the end of Christian liberty; which is, that, being delivered out of the hands of our enemies, we might serve the Lord without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life.¹⁶⁵⁹¹⁶⁵⁹Gal. v. 13; 1 Pet. ii. 16; 2 Pet. ii. 19; John viii. 34; Luke i. 74, 75.	III. Qui sub prætextu Christianæ libertatis, cuivis aut cupiditati indulgent aut peccato assuescunt, eo ipso libertatis Christianæ finem corrumpunt; nempe ut e manibus inimicorum nostrorum liberati, Domino in sanctimonia et justitia coram ipso omnibus diebus vitæ nostræ absque metu serviamus.¹⁶⁶⁰¹⁶⁶⁰Gal. v. 13; 1 Pet. ii. 16; 2 Pet. ii. 19; John viii. 34; Luke i. 74, 75.

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IV. And because the power¹⁶⁶¹¹⁶⁶¹[Am. ed. powers.] which God hath ordained, and the liberty which Christ hath purchased, are not intended by God to destroy, but mutually to uphold and preserve one another; they who, upon pretense of Christian liberty, shall oppose any lawful power, or the lawful exercise of it, whether it be civil or ecclesiastical, resist the ordinance of God.¹⁶⁶²¹⁶⁶²Matt. xii. 25; 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14, 16; Rom. xiii. 1–8; Heb. xiii. 17. And for their publishing of such opinions, or maintaining of such practices, as are contrary to the light of nature, or to the known principles of Christianity, whether concerning faith, worship, or conversation; or to the power of godliness; or such erroneous opinions or practices, as, either in their own nature, or in the manner of publishing or maintaining them, are destructive to the external peace and order which Christ hath established in the Church; they may lawfully be called to account, and proceeded against by the censures of the Church,¹⁶⁶³¹⁶⁶³Rom. i. 32 with 1 Cor. v. 1, 5, 11, 13; 2 John v. 10, 11; and 2 Thess. iii. 14, and 1 Tim. vi. 3–5, and Titus i. 10, 11, 13 and iii. 10, with Matt. xviii. 15–17; 1 Tim. i. 19, 20; Rev. ii. 2, 14, 15, 20; iii. 9. and by the power of the Civil Magistrate.¹⁶⁶⁴¹⁶⁶⁴Deut. xiii. 6–12; Rom. xiii. 3, 4, with 2 John v. 10, 11; Ezra vii. 23–28; Rev. xvii. 12, 16, 17; Neh. xiii. 15, 17, 21, 22, 25, 30; 2 Kings xxiii. 5, 6, 9, 20, 21; 2 Chron. xxxiv. 33; xv. 12, 13, 16; Dan. iii. 29; 1 Tim. ii. 2; Isa. xlix. 23; Zech. xiii. 2, 3.¹⁶⁶⁵¹⁶⁶⁵[Am. ed. omits and by the power of the Civil Magistrate, also the prooftexts.]

IV. Quoniam vero potestates quas Deus ordinavit, et libertas quam acquisivit Christus non in eum finem a Deo destinatæ sunt ut se mutuo perimant, verum ut se sustentent ac conservent invicem; Qui itaque sub libertatis Christianæ prætextu potestati cuivis legitimæ (civilis sit sive Ecclesiastica) aut legitimo ejusdem exercitio contraiverint, ordinationi divinæ resistere censendi sunt,¹⁶⁶⁶¹⁶⁶⁶Matt. xii. 25; 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14, 16; Rom. xiii. 1–8; Heb. xiii. 17. Quique vel ejusmodi opiniones publicaverint, praxesve defenderint, quæ lumini naturæ, aut religionis Christianæ de fide, de cultu, aut moribus principiis notis, aut pietatis denique vi ac efficaciæ adversantur; vel ejusmodi opiniones praxesve erroneas, quæ aut sua natura aut publicationis defensionisve modo, externæ paci ac eutaxiæ, quas in Ecclesia sua stabilivit Christus, perniciem minitantur; omnino licitum est tum ab iis facti rationem reposcere, tum in eos qua censuris Ecclesiasticis,¹⁶⁶⁷¹⁶⁶⁷Rom. i. 32 with 1 Cor. v. 1, 5, 11, 13; 2 John v. 10, 11; and 2 Thess. iii. 14, and 1 Tim. vi. 3–5, and Titus i. 10, 11, 13 and iii. 10, with Matt. xviii. 15–17; 1 Tim. i. 19, 20; Rev. ii. 2, 14, 15, 20; iii. 9. qua civilis magistratus potestate animadvertere.¹⁶⁶⁸¹⁶⁶⁸Deut. xiii. 6–12; Rom. xiii. 3, 4, with 2 John v. 10, 11; Ezra vii. 23–28; Rev. xvii. 12, 16, 17; Neh. xiii. 15, 17, 21, 22, 25, 30; 2 Kings xxiii. 5, 6, 9, 20, 21; 2 Chron. xxxiv. 33; xv. 12, 13, 16; Dan. iii. 29; 1 Tim. ii. 2; Isa. xlix. 23; Zech. xiii. 2, 3.

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Chapter XXI.	Cap. XXI.
Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath-day.	De cultu religioso et de Sabbato.
I. The light of nature showeth that there is a God, who hath lordship and sovereignty over all; is good, and doeth good unto all; and is therefore to be feared, loved, praised, called upon, trusted in, and served with all the heart, and with all the soul, and with all the might.¹⁶⁶⁹¹⁶⁶⁹Rom. i. 20; Acts xvii. 24; Psa. cxix. 68; Jer. x. 7; Psa. xxxi. 23; xviii. 3; Rom. x. 12; Psa. lxii. 8; Josh. xxiv. 14; Mark xii. 33. But the acceptable way of worshiping the true God is instituted by himself, and so limited to¹⁶⁷⁰¹⁶⁷⁰[Am. ed. by.] his own revealed will, that he may not be worshiped according to the imaginations and devices of men, or the suggestions of Satan, under any visible representations¹⁶⁷¹¹⁶⁷¹[Am. ed. representation.] or any other way not prescribed in the Holy Scripture.¹⁶⁷²¹⁶⁷²Deut. xii. 32; Matt. xv. 9; Acts xvii. 25; Matt. iv. 9, 10; Deut. iv. 15–20; Exod. xx. 4–6; Col. ii. 23.	I. Constat quidem naturæ lumine esse Deum qui in universa Primatum obtinet ac absolutum Dominium, eundemque bonum esse ac omnibus beneficum, proindeque toto corde, tota anima, totisque viribus timendum esse et diligendum, laudandum ac invocandum, eique fidendum esse ac serviendum.¹⁶⁷³¹⁶⁷³Rom. i. 20; Acts xvii. 24; Psa. cxix. 68; Jer. x. 7; Psa. xxxi. 23; xviii. 3; Rom. x. 12; Psa. lxii. 8; Josh. xxiv. 14; Mark xii. 33. At rationem verum Deum colendi acceptabilem ipse instituit, itaque voluntate sua revelata definivit, ut coli non debeat secundum imaginationes ac inventa hominum, aut suggestiones Satanæ, sub specie quavis visibili, aut alia via quaviscunque quam scriptura sacra non præscripsit.¹⁶⁷⁴¹⁶⁷⁴Deut. xii. 32; Matt. xv. 9; Acts xvii. 25; Matt. iv. 9, 10; Deut. iv. 15–20; Exod. xx. 4–6; Col. ii. 23.
II. Religious worship is to be given to God, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; and to him alone:¹⁶⁷⁵¹⁶⁷⁵Matt. iv. 10 with John v. 23 and 2 Cor. xiii. 14; [Am. ed. Rev. v. 11–13]. not to angels, saints, or any other creature:¹⁶⁷⁶¹⁶⁷⁶Col. ii. 18; Rev. xix. 10; Rom. i. 25. and since the fall, not without a Mediator; nor in the mediation of any other but of Christ alone.¹⁶⁷⁷¹⁶⁷⁷John xiv. 6; 1 Tim. ii. 5; Eph. ii. 18; Col. iii. 17.	II. Cultus religiosus Deo Patri Filio et Spiritui sancto, eique soli est exhibendus,¹⁶⁷⁸¹⁶⁷⁸Matt. iv. 10 with John v. 23 and 2 Cor. xiii. 14; [Am. ed. Rev. v. 11–13]. non angelis, non sanctis, neque alii cuivis creaturæ,¹⁶⁷⁹¹⁶⁷⁹Col. ii. 18; Rev. xix. 10; Rom. i. 25. nec ipsi Deo quidem post lapsum citra Mediatorem, aut quidem per Mediatorem alium quam Jesum Christum.¹⁶⁸⁰¹⁶⁸⁰John xiv. 6; 1 Tim. ii. 5; Eph. ii. 18; Col. iii. 17.
III. Prayer with thanksgiving, being one special part of religious worship,¹⁶⁸¹¹⁶⁸¹Phil. iv. 6. is by God required of all	III. Supplicationem cum gratiarum actione, quæ est inter partes præcipuas divini cultus,¹⁶⁸²¹⁶⁸²Phil. iv. 6. Deus fieri

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men;¹⁶⁸³¹⁶⁸³Psa. lxv. 2. and that it may be accepted, it is to be made in the name of the Son,¹⁶⁸⁴¹⁶⁸⁴John xiv. 13, 14; 1 Pet. ii. 5. by the help of his Spirit,¹⁶⁸⁵¹⁶⁸⁵Rom. viii. 26. according to his will,¹⁶⁸⁶¹⁶⁸⁶1 John v. 14. with understanding, reverence, humility, fervency, faith, love, and perseverance;¹⁶⁸⁷¹⁶⁸⁷Psa. xlvii. 7; Eccles. v. 1, 2; Heb. xii. 28; Gen. xviii. 27; James v. 16; i. 6, 7; Mark xi. 24; Matt. vi. 12, 14, 15; Col. iv. 2; Eph. vi. 18. and, if vocal, in a known tongue.¹⁶⁸⁸¹⁶⁸⁸1 Cor. xiv. 14.	iubet ab hominibus universis;¹⁶⁸⁹¹⁶⁸⁹Psa. lxv. 2. quæ, quo Deo grata sit et accepta, est in nomine Filii,¹⁶⁹⁰¹⁶⁹⁰John xiv. 13, 14; 1 Pet. ii. 5. subsidio spiritus ejus,¹⁶⁹¹¹⁶⁹¹Rom. viii. 26. et secundum ipsius voluntatem,¹⁶⁹²¹⁶⁹²1 John v. 14. cum intellectu, reverentia, humilitate, fervore, fide, amore, ac perseverantia offerenda;¹⁶⁹³¹⁶⁹³Psa. xlvii. 7; Eccles. v. 1, 2; Heb. xii. 28; Gen. xviii. 27; James v. 16; i. 6, 7; Mark xi. 24; Matt. vi. 12, 14, 15; Col. iv. 2; Eph. vi. 18. et quidem, si vocalis sit, in lingua nota est efferenda.¹⁶⁹⁴¹⁶⁹⁴1 Cor. xiv. 14.
IV. Prayer is to be made for things lawful,¹⁶⁹⁵¹⁶⁹⁵1 John v. 14. and for all sorts of men living, or that shall live hereafter;¹⁶⁹⁶¹⁶⁹⁶1 Tim. ii. 1, 2; John xvii. 20; 2 Sam. vii. 29; Ruth iv. 12. but not for the dead,¹⁶⁹⁷¹⁶⁹⁷2 Sam. xii. 21–23 with Luke xvi. 25, 26; Rev. xiv. 13. nor for those of whom it may be known that they have sinned the sin unto death.¹⁶⁹⁸¹⁶⁹⁸1 John v. 16.	IV. Preces pro rebus non nisi licitis sunt faciendæ,¹⁶⁹⁹¹⁶⁹⁹1 John v. 14. pro hominibus autem cuiuscunque generis, vivis scilicet, aut etiam victuris aliquando;¹⁷⁰⁰¹⁷⁰⁰1 Tim. ii. 1, 2; John xvii. 20; 2 Sam. vii. 29; Ruth iv. 12. pro mortuis autem neutiquam;¹⁷⁰¹¹⁷⁰¹2 Sam. xii. 21–23 with Luke xvi. 25, 26; Rev. xiv. 13. sed neque pro iis, de quibus constare possit eos peccatum ad mortem perpetrasse.¹⁷⁰²¹⁷⁰²1 John v. 16.
V. The reading of the Scriptures with godly fear;¹⁷⁰³¹⁷⁰³Acts xv. 21; Rev. i. 3. the sound preaching;¹⁷⁰⁴¹⁷⁰⁴2 Tim. iv. 2. and conscionable hearing of the Word, in obedience unto God with understanding, faith, and reverence;¹⁷⁰⁵¹⁷⁰⁵James i. 22; Acts x. 33; Matt. xiii. 19; Heb. iv. 2; Isa. lxvi. 2. singing of psalms with grace in the heart;¹⁷⁰⁶¹⁷⁰⁶Col. iii. 16; Eph. v. 19; James v. 13. as, also, the dne administration and worthy receiving of the sacraments instituted by Christ; are all parts of the ordinary religious worship of God:¹⁷⁰⁷¹⁷⁰⁷Matt. xxviii. 19; 1 Cor. xi. 23–29; Acts ii. 42. besides religious oaths,¹⁷⁰⁸¹⁷⁰⁸Deut. vi. 13 with Neh. x. 29. vows,¹⁷⁰⁹¹⁷⁰⁹Isa. xix. 21 with Eccles. v. 4, 5; [Am. ed. Acts xviii. 18.—Am. ed. reads and vows]. solemn	V. Scripturarum lectio cum timore pio;¹⁷¹⁰¹⁷¹⁰Acts xv. 21; Rev. i. 3. verbi prædicatio solida,¹⁷¹¹¹⁷¹¹2 Tim. iv. 2. ejusdemque auditio religiosa ex obedientia erga Deum, cum intellectu, fide et reverentia;¹⁷¹²¹⁷¹²James i. 22; Acts x. 33; Matt. xiii. 19; Heb. iv. 2; Isa. lxvi. 2. Psalmorum cum gratia in corde cantatio,¹⁷¹³¹⁷¹³Col. iii. 16; Eph. v. 19; James v. 13. prout etiam Sacramentorum, quæ Christus instituit, debita administratio, et participatio digna, sunt divini cultus reiigiosi partes, et quidem ordinarii.¹⁷¹⁴¹⁷¹⁴Matt. xxviii. 19; 1 Cor. xi. 23–29; Acts ii. 42. Religiosa insuper juramenta,¹⁷¹⁵¹⁷¹⁵Deut. vi. 13 with Neh. x. 29. votaque;¹⁷¹⁶¹⁷¹⁶Isa. xix. 21 with Eccles. v. 4, 5; [Am. ed. Acts xviii. 18.—Am. ed. reads and vows]. solennia jejunia,¹⁷¹⁷¹⁷¹⁷Joel ii. 12; Esth. iv. 16; Matt. ix. 15; 1 Cor. vii. 5.

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fastings,¹⁷¹⁸¹⁷¹⁸Joel ii. 12; Esth. iv. 16; Matt. ix. 15; 1 Cor. vii. 5. and thanksgivings upon several¹⁷¹⁹¹⁷¹⁹[Amer. ed. has special] occasions;¹⁷²⁰¹⁷²⁰Psalm cvii. throughout; Esth. ix. 22. which are, in their several times and seasons, to be used in an holy and religious manner.¹⁷²¹¹⁷²¹Heb. xii. 28.	solennesque gratiarum actiones, pro varietate eventuum¹⁷²²¹⁷²²Psalm cvii. throughout; Esth. ix. 22.; suo quæque tempore ac opportunitate sancte quidem ac religiose sunt adhibenda.¹⁷²³¹⁷²³Heb. xii. 28.
VI. Neither prayer, nor any other part of religious worship, is now, under the gospel, either tied unto, or made more acceptable by any place in which it is performed, or towards which it is directed:¹⁷²⁴¹⁷²⁴John iv. 21. but God is to be worshiped every where¹⁷²⁵¹⁷²⁵Mal. i. 11; 1 Tim. ii. 8. in spirit and¹⁷²⁶¹⁷²⁶[Am. ed. inserts in.] truth;¹⁷²⁷¹⁷²⁷John iv. 23, 24. as in private families¹⁷²⁸¹⁷²⁸Jer. x. 25; Deut. vi. 6, 7; Job i. 5; 2 Sam. vi. 18, 20; 1 Pet. iii. 7; Acts x. 2. daily,¹⁷²⁹¹⁷²⁹Matt. vi. 11; [Am. ed. Josh. xxiv. 15]. and in secret each one by himself,¹⁷³⁰¹⁷³⁰Matt. vi. 6; Eph. vi. 18. so more solemnly in the public assemblies, which are not carelessly or willfully to be neglected or forsaken, when God, by his Word or providence, calleth thereunto.¹⁷³¹¹⁷³¹Isa. lvi. 7; Heb. x. 25; Prov. i. 20, 21, 24; viii. 34; Acts xiii. 42; Luke iv. 16; Acts ii. 42.	VI. Hodie sub evangelio neque preces, nec ulla pars alia religiosi cultus ita cuivis alligatur loco in quo præstetur aut versus quem dirigatur,¹⁷³²¹⁷³²John iv. 21. ut inde gratior evadat et acceptior; verum ubique Deus colendus est¹⁷³³¹⁷³³Mal. i. 11; 1 Tim. ii. 8. in spiritu ac veritate;¹⁷³⁴¹⁷³⁴John iv. 23, 24. quotidie¹⁷³⁵¹⁷³⁵Jer. x. 25; Deut. vi. 6, 7; Job i. 5; 2 Sam. vi. 18, 20; 1 Pet. iii. 7; Acts x. 2. quidem inter privatos parietes a quavis familia,¹⁷³⁶¹⁷³⁶Matt. vi. 11; [Am. ed. Josh. xxiv. 15]. ut etiam a quolibet seorsim in secreto;¹⁷³⁷¹⁷³⁷Matt. vi. 6; Eph. vi. 18. at solenniter magis in conventibus publicis, qui certe quoties eo nos Deus vocat, seu verbo suo seu providentia, non sunt vel ex incuria vel obstinatione animi aut negligendi aut deserendi.¹⁷³⁸¹⁷³⁸Isa. lvi. 7; Heb. x. 25; Prov. i. 20, 21, 24; viii. 34; Acts xiii. 42; Luke iv. 16; Acts ii. 42.
VII. As it is of the law of nature, that, in general, a due proportion of time be set apart for the worship of God; so, in his Word, by a positive, moral, and perpetual commandment, binding all men in all ages, he hath particularly appointed one day in seven for a Sabbath, to be kept holy unto him:¹⁷³⁹¹⁷³⁹Exod. xx. 8, 10, 11; Isa. lvi. 2, 4, 6, 7; [Am. ed. Isa. lvi. 6]. which, from the	VII. Quemadmodum est de lege naturæ ut indefinite portio quædam temporis idonea divino cultui celebrando sejuncta sit ac assignata; ita in verbo suo Deus (præcepto morali, positivo ac perpetuo, homines omnes cujuscunque fuerint seculi obligante) speciatim e septenis quibusque diebus diem unum in Sabbatum designavit, sancte sibi observandum.¹⁷⁴⁰¹⁷⁴⁰Exod. xx. 8, 10, 11; Isa. lvi. 2, 4, 6, 7; [Am. ed. Isa. lvi. 6]. Quod

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Chapter XXII.	Cap. XXII.
beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, was the last day of the week; and, from the resurrection of Christ, was changed into the first day of the week,¹⁷⁴¹¹⁷⁴¹Gen. ii. 2, 3; 1 Cor. xvi. 1, 2; Acts xx. 7. which in Scripture is called the Lord's day,¹⁷⁴²¹⁷⁴²Rev. i. 10. and is to be continued to the end of the world, as the Christian Sabbath.¹⁷⁴³¹⁷⁴³Exod. xx. 8, 10, with Matt. v. 17, 18.	quidem ab orbe condito ad resurrectionem usque Christi dies ultimus erat in septimana; deinde autem a Christi resurrectione in septimanæ diem primum transferebatur;¹⁷⁴⁴¹⁷⁴⁴Gen. ii. 2, 3; 1 Cor. xvi. 1, 2; Acts xx. 7. qui quidem in Scriptura Dies Dominicus¹⁷⁴⁵¹⁷⁴⁵Rev. i. 10. nuncupatur, estque perpetuo ad finem mundi tanquam Sabbatum Christianum celebrandus.¹⁷⁴⁶¹⁷⁴⁶Exod. xx. 8, 10, with Matt. v. 17, 18.
VIII. This Sabbath is then kept holy unto the Lord, when men, after a due preparing of their hearts, and ordering of their common affairs beforehand, do not only observe an holy rest all the day from their own works, words, and thoughts, about their worldly employments and recreations;¹⁷⁴⁷¹⁷⁴⁷Exod. xx. 8; xvi. 23, 25, 26, 29, 30; xxxi. 15–17; Isa. lviii. 13; Neh. xiii. 15–22. but also are taken up the whole time in the public and private exercises of his worship, and in the duties of necessity and mercy.¹⁷⁴⁸¹⁷⁴⁸Isa. lviii. 13; Matt. xii. 1–13.	VIII. Tunc autem hoc Sabbatum Deo sancte celebratur, quum post corda rite præparata, et compositas suas res mundanas, homines non solum a suis ipsorum operibus, dictis, cogitatis; (quæ circa illas exerceri solent) a recreationibus etiam ludicris quietem sanctam toto observant die;¹⁷⁴⁹¹⁷⁴⁹Exod. xx. 8; xvi. 23, 25, 26, 29, 30; xxxi. 15–17; Isa. lviii. 13; Neh. xiii. 15–22. verum etiam in exercitiis divini cultus publicis privatisque, ac in officiis necessitatis et misericordiæ toto illo tempore occupantur.¹⁷⁵⁰¹⁷⁵⁰Isa. lviii. 13; Matt. xii. 1–13.
Of Lawful Oaths and Vows.	De Juramentis, votisque licitis.
I. A lawful oath is a part of religious worship,¹⁷⁵¹¹⁷⁵¹Deut. x. 20. wherein, upon just occasion, the person swearing solemnly calleth God to witness what he asserteth or promiseth; and to judge him according to the truth or falsehood of what he sweareth.¹⁷⁵²¹⁷⁵²Exod. xx. 7; Lev. xix. 12; 2 Cor. i. 23;

Contents

THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH. A.D. 1647.

Confessio Fidei Westmonasteriensis.