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4. Zion's Past and Present

¹ This chapter is an acrostic poem, the verses of which begin with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet.How the gold has lost its luster,
the fine gold become dull!
The sacred gems are scattered
at every street corner.

    ² How the precious children of Zion,
   once worth their weight in gold,
are now considered as pots of clay,
   the work of a potter’s hands!

    ³ Even jackals offer their breasts
   to nurse their young,
but my people have become heartless
   like ostriches in the desert.

    ⁴ Because of thirst the infant’s tongue
   sticks to the roof of its mouth;
the children beg for bread,
   but no one gives it to them.

    ⁵ Those who once ate delicacies
   are destitute in the streets.
Those brought up in royal purple
   now lie on ash heaps.

    ⁶ The punishment of my people
   is greater than that of Sodom,
which was overthrown in a moment
   without a hand turned to help her.

    ⁷ Their princes were brighter than snow
   and whiter than milk,
their bodies more ruddy than rubies,
   their appearance like lapis lazuli.

    ⁸ But now they are blacker than soot;
   they are not recognized in the streets.
Their skin has shriveled on their bones;
   it has become as dry as a stick.

    ⁹ Those killed by the sword are better off
   than those who die of famine;
racked with hunger, they waste away
   for lack of food from the field.

    ¹⁰ With their own hands compassionate women
   have cooked their own children,
who became their food
   when my people were destroyed.

    ¹¹ The LORD has given full vent to his wrath;
   he has poured out his fierce anger.
He kindled a fire in Zion
   that consumed her foundations.

    ¹² The kings of the earth did not believe,
   nor did any of the peoples of the world,
that enemies and foes could enter
   the gates of Jerusalem.

    ¹³ But it happened because of the sins of her prophets
   and the iniquities of her priests,
who shed within her
   the blood of the righteous.

    ¹⁴ Now they grope through the streets
   as if they were blind.
They are so defiled with blood
   that no one dares to touch their garments.

    ¹⁵ “Go away! You are unclean!” people cry to them.
   “Away! Away! Don’t touch us!”
When they flee and wander about,
   people among the nations say,
   “They can stay here no longer.”

    ¹⁶ The LORD himself has scattered them;
   he no longer watches over them.
The priests are shown no honor,
   the elders no favor.

    ¹⁷ Moreover, our eyes failed,
   looking in vain for help;
from our towers we watched
   for a nation that could not save us.

    ¹⁸ People stalked us at every step,
   so we could not walk in our streets.
Our end was near, our days were numbered,
   for our end had come.

    ¹⁹ Our pursuers were swifter
   than eagles in the sky;
they chased us over the mountains
   and lay in wait for us in the desert.

    ²⁰ The LORD’s anointed, our very life breath,
   was caught in their traps.
We thought that under his shadow
   we would live among the nations.

    ²¹ Rejoice and be glad, Daughter Edom,
   you who live in the land of Uz.
But to you also the cup will be passed;
   you will be drunk and stripped naked.

    ²² Your punishment will end, Daughter Zion;
   he will not prolong your exile.
But he will punish your sin, Daughter Edom,
   and expose your wickedness.

Here he goes on farther, and says, that they had perished with famine who had been accustomed to the most delicate food. He had said generally that infants found nothing in their mothers’ breasts, but pined away with thirst, and also that children died through want of bread. But he now amplifies this calamity by saying, that this not only happened to the children of the common people, but also to those who had been brought up delicately, and had been clothed in scarlet and purple.

Then he says that they perished in the streets, and also that they embraced the dunghills, because they had no place to lie down, or because they sought food, as famished men do, on dunghills. ²¹¹²¹¹     The dunghills were collections of cow-dung and other things heaped together for fuel instead of wood. They had been brought up “on scarlet,” i.e., on scarlet couches, they were now glad to lie down anywhere, even on dunghills, and hence they are said to have embraced them, as though they had a love for them, —
   They who had fed on delicacies
Perished in the streets;
They who had been brought up on scarlet
Embraced the dunghills.
    — Ed It seems to be a hyperbolical expression; but if we consider what the Prophet has already narrated and will again repeat, it ought not to appear incredible, that those who had been accustomed to delicacies embraced dunghills; for mothers cooked their own children and devoured them as beef or mutton. There is no doubt but that the siege, of which we have before read, drove the people to acts too degrading to be spoken of, especially when they had become blinded through so great a pertinacity, and had altogether hardened themselves in their madness against God. It follows, —