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12. Israel's Sin

1 In Hebrew texts 12:1-14 is numbered 12:2-15. Ephraim feeds on the wind;
   he pursues the east wind all day
   and multiplies lies and violence.
He makes a treaty with Assyria
   and sends olive oil to Egypt.

2 The LORD has a charge to bring against Judah;
   he will punish Jacob Jacob means he grasps the heel, a Hebrew idiom for he takes advantage of or he deceives. according to his ways
   and repay him according to his deeds.

3 In the womb he grasped his brother’s heel;
   as a man he struggled with God.

4 He struggled with the angel and overcame him;
   he wept and begged for his favor.
He found him at Bethel
   and talked with him there—

5 the LORD God Almighty,
   the LORD is his name!

6 But you must return to your God;
   maintain love and justice,
   and wait for your God always.

    7 The merchant uses dishonest scales
   and loves to defraud.

8 Ephraim boasts,
   “I am very rich; I have become wealthy.
With all my wealth they will not find in me
   any iniquity or sin.”

    9 “I have been the LORD your God
   ever since you came out of Egypt;
I will make you live in tents again,
   as in the days of your appointed festivals.

10 I spoke to the prophets,
   gave them many visions
   and told parables through them.”

    11 Is Gilead wicked?
   Its people are worthless!
Do they sacrifice bulls in Gilgal?
   Their altars will be like piles of stones
   on a plowed field.

12 Jacob fled to the country of Aram That is, Northwest Mesopotamia;
   Israel served to get a wife,
   and to pay for her he tended sheep.

13 The LORD used a prophet to bring Israel up from Egypt,
   by a prophet he cared for him.

14 But Ephraim has aroused his bitter anger;
   his Lord will leave on him the guilt of his bloodshed
   and will repay him for his contempt.


The Prophet now employs another kind of reproof, — that the Israelites did not consider from what source they had proceeded, and were forgetful of their origin. And the Prophet designedly touches on this point; for we know how boldly and proudly the people boasted of their own eminence. For as a heathen gloried that he was an Athenian, so also the Jews think that all we are brute animals, and imagine that they have a different origin from the rest of mankind, because they are the posterity of Abraham. Since then they were blinded by such a pride as this God meant to undeceive them, as he does here: “Jacob your father, who was he? What was his condition? What was his nobility? What was his power? What was his dignity and eminence according to the flesh? Yea, truly, he was a fugitive from his own country: had he always lived at home, his father was but a sojourner; but he was constrained to flee into Syria. And how splendidly did he live there? He was indeed with his uncle; but he was treated no better than if he had been some worthless slave: He served for a wife And how did he serve? He was a keeper of sheep. Go then now and boast of your dignity, as if ye were nobler than others, as if your condition were better than that of the common sort of people.” God then brings against them the condition of their father, in whose name they gloried, but who was an abject person and a fugitive, who was like a worthless slave, who was a keeper of sheep; who, in short, had nothing which could be deemed reputable among men.


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