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33. Moses Blesses the Tribes

¹ This is the blessing that Moses the man of God pronounced on the Israelites before his death. ² He said:

   “The LORD came from Sinai
   and dawned over them from Seir;
   he shone forth from Mount Paran.
He came with Or from myriads of holy ones
   from the south, from his mountain slopes. The meaning of the Hebrew for this phrase is uncertain.
³ Surely it is you who love the people;
   all the holy ones are in your hand.
At your feet they all bow down,
   and from you receive instruction,
⁴ the law that Moses gave us,
   the possession of the assembly of Jacob.
⁵ He was king over Jeshurun Jeshurun means the upright one, that is, Israel; also in verse 26.
   when the leaders of the people assembled,
   along with the tribes of Israel.

⁶ “Let Reuben live and not die,
nor Or but let his people be few.”

⁷ And this he said about Judah:

   “Hear, LORD, the cry of Judah;
   bring him to his people.
With his own hands he defends his cause.
   Oh, be his help against his foes!”

⁸ About Levi he said:

   “Your Thummim and Urim belong
   to your faithful servant.
You tested him at Massah;
   you contended with him at the waters of Meribah.
⁹ He said of his father and mother,
   ‘I have no regard for them.’
He did not recognize his brothers
   or acknowledge his own children,
but he watched over your word
   and guarded your covenant.
¹⁰ He teaches your precepts to Jacob
   and your law to Israel.
He offers incense before you
   and whole burnt offerings on your altar.
¹¹ Bless all his skills, LORD,
   and be pleased with the work of his hands.
Strike down those who rise against him,
   his foes till they rise no more.”

¹² About Benjamin he said:

   “Let the beloved of the LORD rest secure in him,
   for he shields him all day long,
   and the one the LORD loves rests between his shoulders.”

¹³ About Joseph he said:

   “May the LORD bless his land
   with the precious dew from heaven above
   and with the deep waters that lie below;
¹⁴ with the best the sun brings forth
   and the finest the moon can yield;
¹⁵ with the choicest gifts of the ancient mountains
   and the fruitfulness of the everlasting hills;
¹⁶ with the best gifts of the earth and its fullness
   and the favor of him who dwelt in the burning bush.
Let all these rest on the head of Joseph,
   on the brow of the prince among Or of the one separated from his brothers.
¹⁷ In majesty he is like a firstborn bull;
   his horns are the horns of a wild ox.
With them he will gore the nations,
   even those at the ends of the earth.
Such are the ten thousands of Ephraim;
   such are the thousands of Manasseh.”

¹⁸ About Zebulun he said:

   “Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out,
   and you, Issachar, in your tents.
¹⁹ They will summon peoples to the mountain
   and there offer the sacrifices of the righteous;
they will feast on the abundance of the seas,
   on the treasures hidden in the sand.”

²⁰ About Gad he said:

   “Blessed is he who enlarges Gad’s domain!
   Gad lives there like a lion,
   tearing at arm or head.
²¹ He chose the best land for himself;
   the leader’s portion was kept for him.
When the heads of the people assembled,
   he carried out the LORD’s righteous will,
   and his judgments concerning Israel.”

²² About Dan he said:

“Dan is a lion’s cub,
springing out of Bashan.”

²³ About Naphtali he said:

   “Naphtali is abounding with the favor of the LORD
   and is full of his blessing;
   he will inherit southward to the lake.”

²⁴ About Asher he said:

   “Most blessed of sons is Asher;
   let him be favored by his brothers,
   and let him bathe his feet in oil.
²⁵ The bolts of your gates will be iron and bronze,
   and your strength will equal your days.

    ²⁶ “There is no one like the God of Jeshurun,
   who rides across the heavens to help you
   and on the clouds in his majesty.
²⁷ The eternal God is your refuge,
   and underneath are the everlasting arms.
He will drive out your enemies before you,
   saying, ‘Destroy them!’
²⁸ So Israel will live in safety;
   Jacob will dwell Septuagint; Hebrew Jacob’s spring is secure
in a land of grain and new wine,
   where the heavens drop dew.
²⁹ Blessed are you, Israel!
   Who is like you,
   a people saved by the LORD?
He is your shield and helper
   and your glorious sword.
Your enemies will cower before you,
   and you will tread on their heights.”

27. The eternal God is thy refuge. This is just as if he had said that the Israelites were protected from above by the help of God, and also based, as it were, upon Him. The beginning of the prayer corresponds with that other in Psalm 90:1, “Lord, thou hast been our dwelling-place in all generations.” The sum is, that although the Israelites might be exposed to many injuries, still there was secure repose for them under the shadow of God’s wings; and assuredly unless the hand of God had been like a roof to protect them, they would have perished a thousand times over. But, inasmuch as it would not be sufficient for our heads to be in safety, the other point is also added, viz., that God’s arms should be stretched forth to sustain them from beneath. He calls them “everlasting,” because the security of the pious, who rely upon God, is never shaken: it is, therefore, just as though he represented God to be at the same time the foundation, and the roof, of their abode. Others translate it less correctly, “Thou shalt live under the arms of the Everlasting;” for an elegant distinction is drawn, ³²⁶³²⁶ This sentence is omitted in the Latin edition of 1563 though given in substance in the French of 1564. which, however, tends to the same point, when God it called קדם, kedem, and His arms עלם, gnolam, the first of which words has reference to the past, whilst in the other there is allusion to the future; as if he had said of God, that He was from the beginning, and that His power would endure unto the end.

He adduces experimental evidence of the above statements, inasmuch as God had ³²⁷³²⁷ It will be seen that C. translates the verbs here in the past tense; A. V. in the future: “he shall thrust out, etc.” miraculously destroyed the enemies of His people; at the same time he specifies the manner in which this was done, viz., that He had said, Destroy, or blot out, or dissipate. And by this word he signifies that, although God had made use of the agency of the Israelites, still He only was the conqueror; since the Israelites prevailed not except at His bidding, and by His will.