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1. Judgment on Israel's Neighbors

¹ The words of Amos, one of the shepherds of Tekoa—the vision he saw concerning Israel two years before the earthquake, when Uzziah was king of Judah and Jeroboam son of Jehoash Hebrew Joash, a variant of Jehoash was king of Israel.

² He said:

   “The LORD roars from Zion
   and thunders from Jerusalem;
the pastures of the shepherds dry up,
   and the top of Carmel withers.”

Judgment on Israel’s Neighbors

³ This is what the LORD says:

   “For three sins of Damascus,
   even for four, I will not relent.
Because she threshed Gilead
   with sledges having iron teeth,
⁴ I will send fire on the house of Hazael
   that will consume the fortresses of Ben-Hadad.
⁵ I will break down the gate of Damascus;
   I will destroy the king who is in Or the inhabitants of the Valley of Aven Aven means wickedness.
and the one who holds the scepter in Beth Eden.
   The people of Aram will go into exile to Kir,” says the LORD.

⁶ This is what the LORD says:

   “For three sins of Gaza,
   even for four, I will not relent.
Because she took captive whole communities
   and sold them to Edom,
⁷ I will send fire on the walls of Gaza
   that will consume her fortresses.
⁸ I will destroy the king Or inhabitants of Ashdod
   and the one who holds the scepter in Ashkelon.
I will turn my hand against Ekron,
   till the last of the Philistines are dead,” says the Sovereign LORD.

⁹ This is what the LORD says:

   “For three sins of Tyre,
   even for four, I will not relent.
Because she sold whole communities of captives to Edom,
   disregarding a treaty of brotherhood,
¹⁰ I will send fire on the walls of Tyre
   that will consume her fortresses.”

¹¹ This is what the LORD says:

   “For three sins of Edom,
   even for four, I will not relent.
Because he pursued his brother with a sword
   and slaughtered the women of the land,
because his anger raged continually
   and his fury flamed unchecked,
¹² I will send fire on Teman
   that will consume the fortresses of Bozrah.”

¹³ This is what the LORD says:

   “For three sins of Ammon,
   even for four, I will not relent.
Because he ripped open the pregnant women of Gilead
   in order to extend his borders,
¹⁴ I will set fire to the walls of Rabbah
   that will consume her fortresses
amid war cries on the day of battle,
   amid violent winds on a stormy day.
¹⁵ Her king Or / Molek will go into exile,
   he and his officials together,” says the LORD.

But he adds, that God would send a fire on the wall of Tyrus to consume its palaces. When this happened, cannot with certainty be known: for though Tyrus was demolished by Alexander, as Gaza also was, these cities, I doubt not, suffered this calamity long before the coming of Alexander of Macedon; and it is probable, as I have already reminded you, that the Assyrians laid waste these countries, and also took possession of Tyrus, though they did not demolish that city; for in Alexander’s time there was no king there, it had been changed into a republic; the people were free, and had the chief authority. There must then have been there no small changes, for the state of the city and its government were wholly different from what they had been. We may then conclude that Tyrus was laid waste by the Assyrians, but afterwards recovered strength, and was a free city in the time of Alexander the Great. Let us now proceed: for I dwell not on every word, as we see that the same expressions are repeated by the Prophet.