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were settling, and the appeal of these fellow Christians resulted in the organization of Hope College in 1866, and of the Western Theological Seminary in 1869. In 1867 the Synod elected the Rev. C. E. Grispell professor of didactic and polemic theology, and invited other professors in Hope College to act as lectors; but the lack of endowment and the heavy demands made upon the teachers, who were giving instruction in both college and seminary, proved too great a burden, and in 1877 the synod resolved to suspend its operation, at the same time assuring the churches that it would be resumed as soon as the necessary endowment could be secured. In 1884 the work of endowment had so far advanced that the synod elected the Rev. Nicholas M. Steffens professor of didactic and polemic theology, with the Rev. Peter Moerdyke as lector in Greek and the Rev. Henry E. Docker (q.v.) as lector in church history. Work was resumed the following December, with one student in the middle class and four in the junior class. Other professorships have been established as follows: in 1888 exegetical theology, with the Rev. John W. Beardslee as professor; in 1894 historical theology, with the Rev. Henry E. Docker as professor; and in 1907 practical theology, with the Rev. James F. Zwemer as professor. In 1895 Mr. Peter Semelink erected a fine brick building containing lecture-roams, a chapel, and room for a library. The " Chambers Library " had its beginning in a small donation of money and the library of the Rev. Arson DuBois, and has been supplemented by the valuable donations of many others, until it has become a good working library.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. E. T. Corwin, Manual of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in North America, 4th ed., New York, 1902; idem, History of the Reformed Church in America, New York, 1895.

%V1. Christian Reformed.-1. Grand Rapids: This seminary is located at Grand Rapids, Mich., and was founded in 1876, its origin lying in the difficulty of obtaining ministers from the Netherlands, especially as the people were poor, and some of the leaders of the churches in the Netherlands did not approve of what was termed the secession of 1857. In 1865 the classic appointed a local minister D. J. 'I Van der Werp, instructor, and he served without a fixed salary, using his study as a classroom. On his resignation in 1876 the synod elected as professor

In 1910 the seminary had four instructors and thirty-one students, few outside the Christian Reformed denomination being found either in seminary or in college. The entire institution is controlled by a " curatorium," or board of trustees, twenty-two in number (two from each of the eleven classes), who supervise the whole school and are empowered to declare graduates of the seminary eligible for the ministry. The instructors both in college and in seminary are elected by the synod. The endowment amounts to $40,000, and additional support is secured by an assessment laid on the congregations by the synod. The library contains 4,000 volumes. GABRIEL DOOITZEB DE JONG.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Gedenkboek roan het viJtigjardg jubileum der Christelijke Gereformeerde %erk, Grand Rapids, Mich.,

%VII. Roman Catholic.*-1. St. Patrick's: This training-school for the Roman Catholic priesthood is located at Menlo Park, San Mateo Co., Cal., and was established in 1898 through the efforts of the Most Reverend Patrick William Riordan, Archbishop of San Francisco. The institution is conducted, under the archbishop, by the Sulpician Fathers, and is intended solely for boys and young men who desire to devote their lives to the service of God in the Roman Catholic priesthood. It takes the boy from the parochial school and leaves him a priest at the altar. The period of preparation is twelve years: first, a classical course of six years, then two years given to the study of mental philosophy and the natural sciences, and, finally, four years devoted to theology and the other branches which are special in clerical training, such as Sacred Scripture, Hebrew, canon law, church history, homiletics, liturgies, apologetics, and sacred music. In the intention of its founder, Saint Patrick's is to serve as the ecclesiastical training-school for all the Roman Catholic dioceses of the Pacific Coast. It has at present a corps of sixteen professors and a roster of about one hundred students, principally from the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. It has already educated students for the dioceses of San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Sacramento, Cal.; Portland and Baker City, Ore.; Seattle, Wash; Pittsburg, Pa.; Victoria, B. C.; Helena, Mont.; Boise City, Ids., and Santa F6, New Mex.