CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN: English Congregationalist; b. at London Jan. 29, 1867. He
was educated at University College, Nottingham,
and Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1895), and entered
the Congregational ministry in 1895. After
being pastor of Union Church, Brighton, from 1895
to 1903, he succeeded Joseph Parker as minister of
the City Temple, London, a position which he still
retains. In theology he is a liberal evangelical.
He has written: The Restored Innocence (London,
1898); The Making of an Apostle (1898); A Faith
for Today (1900); City Temple Sermons (1903);
Sermon to Young Men (1904; American edition
under the title The Choice of the Highest, Chicago,
1904); Sermons Addressed to Individuals (1905);
Song of Ages (1906); The New Theology (1907);
New Theology Sermons (1907); Religion and Social
Reform (1907).
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
A. A. Wilkerson, Reginald John Campbell,
the Man and his Message, London, 1907.
CAMPEGGIO, cam-ped'jo (CAMPEGI, CAMPEGGI, CAMPEGIUS), LORENZO: Italian cardinal
and statesman; b. at Milan Nov. 7, 1474;
d. at Rome July 25, 1539. His father was a noted
professor of law at Pavia, Padua, and Bologna, and
the son, adopting his father's career, became lecturer
on imperial and papal law and the Decretals
at Bologna after 1499. He participated in the
political life of the university town and won the
attention of the Curia by his ardent advocacy of
the papal cause against the imperial family of
Bentivogli. The loss of his wife hastened his entrance
into the priestly state, for which he had
long cherished a strong inclination. Julius II.
made him representative for Bologna at the tribunal
of the Rota in Rome in the early part of 1511.
In August he went as nuncio to the court of the
emperor Maximilian to win that ruler away from
his support of the Pisan council and for the pope's
scheme of a Lateran council. Returning successful
in 1512 he was made bishop of Feltre and sent
as nuncio to the court of Maximilian Sforza at
Milan, but was recalled to be entrusted with a second
mission to the imperial court with the object,
this time, of furthering the papal plan for the reestablishment
of general peace in Europe. At
this post he remained till 1517, when on account
of his "preeminent services to the Apostolic
chair" and for a fee of 24,000 ducats he was created
cardinal in company with thirty others. Once
more Campeggio was sent on a mission of universal
peace, this time to England, where he shared the
dignity of papal legate with Cardinal Wolsey and
participated in the formation of the General League
of Peace concluded in October, 1518. In the same
year he returned to Rome, bearing with him many
royal gifts and the promise of the succession to the
bishopric of Salisbury. He became bishop of Bologna
in 1523, but resigned the office two years later
on acquiring possession of the promised English
see and retained it till 1535. He enjoyed at the
same time the profits from a Spanish bishopric
and from other churches, though it is difficult to
determine precisely which. Alone among the cardinals
he seems to have won the confidence of
Adrian VI. and to him (not to Egidio of Viterbo)
must be attributed the authorship of the reform
memorial addressed to the pope. After the ill
success of the papal cause at the first diet of Nuremberg,
Campeggio was sent to Germany to work
for the enforcement of the Edict of Worms. At
the second Nuremberg diet he met the demands
of the German princes with insulting pride, but by
all his efforts could not prevent the assembly from
expressing the demand for a meeting of the representatives
of the German nation to consider means
for the settlement of the religious question. It was
Campeggio who was primarily responsible for the
league concluded at Regensburg in the summer of
1524 by the enemies of the Reformation, the first
of the partizan confederations that were to result
in the dismemberment of the nation. At Regensburg,
too, a scheme of reform for the clergy was formulated
by Campeggio with the aid of Nausea and
Cochlæus, a scheme, however, which never attained
practical effect. An unsuccessful mission to England
in 1528-29 in the matter of the divorce of
Henry VIII. was followed by an appointment to
the imperial court, where he is known to have advised
Charles V. in case a policy of conciliation
toward the Protestants proved ineffective "to
eradicate the poisonous growth with fire and
sword." At the same time he did not disdain to
attempt the milder means of bribery, notably in
the case of Melanchthon. In 1532 Campeggio returned
to Rome. His last phase of activity was
in connection with the plans of Paul III. for a general
council. A memorial on the
Centum gravamina
Germanorum, written in 1536, shows that by that
time Campeggio had arrived at a different view of
the claims and rights of the German nation.
(T. BRIEGER.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
C. Sigonius De vita Laurentii Campegii,
Bologna, 1581, republished in Sigonii Opera omnia, iii.
531-576, Milan, 1733; S. Ehses, Römische Dokumente zur
Geschichte der Ehescheidung Heinrichs VIII., 1527-34,
pp. xvi.-xxxi. Paderborn, 1893.
