Augustus......................................................................................................... b.c. 27–a.d. 14

Tiberius................................................................................................................. a.d. 14–37

Caius Caligula................................................................................................................ 37–41

Claudius........................................................................................................................ 41–54

Nero............................................................................................................................. 54–68

Galba............................................................................................................................ 68–69

Otho................................................................................................................................... 69

Vitellius............................................................................................................................... 69

Vespasian...................................................................................................................... 69–79

Titus.............................................................................................................................. 79–81

Domitian........................................................................................................................ 81–96

Nerva............................................................................................................................ 96–98

Trajan......................................................................................................................... 98–117

Hadrian..................................................................................................................... 117–138

Antoninus Pius........................................................................................................... 138–161

Marcus Aurelius [Antoninus Verus]

Lucius Verus

}

............................................................. 161–180

............................................................. 161–169

Commodus................................................................................................................ 180–192

Pertinax............................................................................................................................. 193

Didius Julianus................................................................................................................... 193

Niger......................................................................................................................... 193–194

Septimius Severus...................................................................................................... 193–211

Caracalla

Geta

}

....................................................................................................... 211–217

....................................................................................................... 211–212

M. Opilius Macrinus.................................................................................................. 217–218

Heliogabalus, or Elagabalus........................................................................................ 218–222

Alexander Severus..................................................................................................... 222–235

Maximin I.................................................................................................................. 235–238

The Gordians, I and II............................................................................................... 237–238

Maximus Pupienus

Balbinus

}

................................................................................................ 238

Gordian III................................................................................................................ 238–244

Philip......................................................................................................................... 244–249

Decius....................................................................................................................... 249–251

Gallus........................................................................................................................ 251–252

Æmilian............................................................................................................................. 253

Valerian..................................................................................................................... 253–260

Gallienus.................................................................................................................... 260–268

Claudius II................................................................................................................. 268–270

Aurelian..................................................................................................................... 270–275

Tacitus...................................................................................................................... 275–276

Probus...................................................................................................................... 276–282

Carus........................................................................................................................ 282–283

Carinus

Numerian

}

.................................................................................................... 283–284

Diocletian

Maximian

}

.................................................................................................... 284–305

.................................................................................................... 285–305

Constantius

Galerius

Maxentius (not recognized by the others)

Licinius

Constantine

Maximin II.

}

..............

..............

}

....................................... 305–306

....................................... 305–311

....................................... 306–312

....................................... 307–323

....................................... 308–313

....................................... 308–337