500

Index

 

Abraham, William, 90, 200, 242n, 292n

A/C Model, the, x, 168–186, 199, 201, 241. See also Extended A/C Model, the

and basicality with respect to justification, 177–178

and basicality with respect to rationality, 175–177

and basicality with respect to warrant, 178–179

models, 168

and perceptual vs. experiential knowledge, 180–184

Plantinga’s claims regarding, 168–170, 325

and sin, 184–186

actualism, 114

Adams, Marilyn, 489n, 493n

Adams, Robert, 27n, 461n

affections, religious, x, 202, 290–323

and analogues of rationality, justification, and warrant, 202, 309–311

degrees of, 310

and justification, 310

and sin, 295

and voluntary control, 310n

and warrant, 310–311

Aiken, Henry David, 461n

Allegro, John, 401

Allen, Diogenes, 493n

Allison, Henry, 13n

Alston, William, xiii, xiv, 33, 109, 135, 153n, 300, 313n, 336, 402n, 406n, 407n, 423, 466, 471n

on justification, 104–107

and perception (vs. experience) of God, 180–184, 286–289

on practical rationality, 117–134

Alter, Robert, 390

Alvin Plantinga, 26n, 28n, 114n, 461n

Ameriks, Karl, 13n, 19n

Anselm, 303

Apostle’s Creed, 202

Aquinas/Calvin Model. See A/C Model

Aquinas, Thomas, v, x, 13–14, 72, 82n, 167, 168, 170, 176–177, 199, 204n, 205n, 242, 245, 249, 250n, 251, 266n, 269n, 270n, 292n, 293, 374, 383, 439, 440

Aristotle, 13, 72, 109, 146, 424

Armstrong, David, 392n

arrogance. See belief in God, and arrogance

Atonement, the, 201

Attridge, Harold, 418n

Auerbach, Erich, 321n

Augsburg Confession, 202

Augustine, St., v, 26n, 198, 210, 211, 245, 307, 312–313, 320n, 374, 383, 423

Ayer, A. J., 7n, 42

 

Baillie, John, 326

Barth, Karl, 245, 374

basic beliefs, 83–85, 175–177, 343–349

Bayes’s Theorem, 229–231

Beilby, James, 229n

Belgic Confession, 379, 490

belief

and aesthetic factors, 306–308

a priori belief, 105, 111, 145, 146, 175, 178–179, 183, 194, 264, 331

ethics of, 407–410

501

grounds for, 104–107

memory beliefs, 105, 110, 128, 175, 178, 194, 262, 264, 331

perceptual beliefs, 127, 175, 178, 194, 262, 331

and relationship to behavior, 231–237

voluntary control over, 96, 104, 122, 444n

whether God has them, 125n

withholding, 184–185

belief in God. See also sensus divinitatis; faith

and arrogance, 253–254, 443–447

belief in God vs. belief that God exists, 293–294

and Bible, 375–421

defeaters for, 357–499

degree of belief, 265n

and experience, 180–184

explanatory idleness, 370–372

false but warranted?, 186–188

and Great Things of the Gospel, 301

and history, 420–421

as a hypothesis, 91–92, 329–331, 371, 476–477

naturalistic explanations of, 145

objections to. See objections to belief in God

and other religions, 349–351

as perceptual knowledge, 180–184, 286–289, 337–338

projective theories of, 358, 367–373

if produced by “ordinary faculties”, 270–271

properly basic, 175–178, 258–259, 262n, 264–268, 342–349

properly basic with respect to warrant, 178–180, 186–190, 343, 346–351

and relationship between the intellect and will, 295–304

and religious affections, 291–323

and religious experience, 326–353

as self-authenticating, 259–262

and sin, 184–186

as supernatural gift, 245, 246n

true but unwarranted?, 189–190

and truth, 169–170, 201, 424–425, 499

voluntary control of belief, 172–173

and wish-fulfillment, 307

Bergmann, Gustav, 429n

Bergmann, Michael, 359n

Beversluis, John, 171n–172n

Bible, the, 201, 205, 243, 249–252, 258–263, 270–280, 284, 374–421, 454

authority of, 383–384

canon, 377–380

inspiration of, 252, 261, 268n, 270–272, 375–380, 384–385

interpretation, 381–383, 385

and proper basicality, 258–263

reliability of, 261

revelation of events or propositions, 251n

scientific study of, 387–390

as self-authenticating, 259–262

and theological disagreements, 381–382

and traditional biblical commentary, 383–385

Bird, Graham, 12

Blanshard, Brand, 89, 90

Bodin, Jean, 438

Bonaventure, St., 242

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 213n

Borg, Marcus, 403n

Bradley, F. H., 461n

Brown, Raymond, 384n, 387

Bultmann, Rudolf, vii, 247, 393, 403, 405, 406

 

Calvin, John, v, x, 131n, 139n, 148, 168, 199, 201, 205n, 206, 217, 240, 242, 244, 245, 256–262, 264n, 269n, 281, 290–293, 294, 305, 374, 383, 423, 454, 490

on faith, 247–251, 256

and the Holy Spirit, 256, 260, 292–293

on knowledge of God’s essence, 46–47

on Scripture, 259–261

and the sensus divinitatis, 170–174

on sin, 211–212

Calvinism, 200, 253

Camus, Albert, 487

Cantor’s Theorem, 107

Carnap, Rudolf, 8, 78

Carroll, Michael P., 192

Cavin, Robert, 276n

Celsus, 277n

certainty, 84

Chesterton, G. K., 207, 357

Childs, Brevard, 400, 411–412

Chisholm, Roderick, 95, 110, 429n, 444

Christian Mystical Practice, 117–134

agnosticism about the deliverances of, 131

Chrysostom, John, 374

church, the, 277–278

Cicero, 171n

502

circularity, epistemic, 118–119

Classical Foundationalism. See Foundationalism, Classical

Classical Package, the. See Foundationalism, Classical; Deontologism, Classical; and evidentialism

Clifford, W. K., 89, 409

cognitive reliability, 222–227,

defeaters for, 227–240

presumption of, 148, 151, 226–227

coherence, 112

Collins, John, 390–391, 393, 411

conditionalization, 419–420

conversion, 311

Cook, Martin, 407n

Cooper, John, 481n

counterfactuals, 461n

Creationism, 217n

credulity, 147

Crisp, Thomas, 159n

Crossan, John Dominic, 402n

cultural relativism. See relativism, historical and cultural

Cummins, Robert, 236

Cupitt, Don, 39n, 144, 150n, 215

 

Daniels, Charles, 144

Darwin, Charles, 137, 234

Darwinism, 408. See also evolution

Davis, Stephen T., 242n

Dawkins, Richard, 42, 150, 177, 200, 227, 245

De Bres, Guido, 490

De Vries, Paul, 443n

deconstruction, 422–423

defeaters, x–xi, 161, 190n, 224, 243n, 255, 352–353, 358–499,

argumentative/nonargumentative, 426–427

irrational or unwarranted defeaters, 364–366

nature of, 359–366

“optimistic overrider”, 362–363

partial, 362n, 368

purely epistemic defeaters, 363–364

rationality defeaters, 359, 368–369

rebutting, 258n, 359

relative to one’s noetic structure, 360–361, 485

undercutting, 359

warrant defeaters, 359–360

defeaters for Christian belief, 366–367

evil, problem of, 458–498

historical-critical Scripture scholarship, 374–421

nonargumentive, 481–484

postmodernism, 422–437

religious pluralism, 437–457

deism, semi-, 404–406

Dennett, Daniel, 42, 113, 150n, 177, 200, 227, 229n, 245, 386, 463

Deontologism, Classical, 81–82, 85–88. See also justification

variations on, 103–105

Derrida, Jacques, 423n, 427, 431, 437

Descartes, René, 21, 71, 75, 84, 94, 98, 111, 124, 129n, 133, 149, 202n, 220 221, 344, 392n, 436

design, argument from, 463

Devitt, Michael, 13

Dewey, John, 429n, 432

divine discourse, 376. See also Wolterstorff, Nicholas

Dole, Andrew, 257n

Donne, John, 314n

Dostoevski, Fyodor, 483

Draper, Paul, 469–474

Dryer, D. P., 13n

Duhem, Pierre, 395–398. See also historical biblical criticism, Duhemian

Durkheim, Emile, 358, 367

duty, epistemic, 98–99, 178, 447–448. See also Deontologism, Classical

and arrogance/egoism, 448–457

objective vs. subjective duty, 99

 

Edwards, Jonathan, 80, 100, 197, 214n, 242, 249, 259, 262n, 287, 290, 294 309, 313, 317, 320, 351, 374, 380n, 423

on intellect and will, 295–304

on sin, 296–297

Einstein, Albert, 306, 428

Ellis, Albert, 192

Engels, Friedrich, 141n, 192n

Enlightenment, the, 71, 85, 147, 152n, 252, 382

Epicurus, 459

epiphenomenalism, 231–233

eros, 311–323. See also belief in God, and the religious affections

human vs. divine, 321–323

Esterson, Allen, 197n

Evans, C. Stephen, 242n, 402n

evidence, 82–84, 88

doxastic (or impulsional), 111n, 183, 264, 333

evidentialism, viii, 70–71, 81–82, 86, 88–91, 102

503

evil. See also problem of evil

gratuitous, 465–481

moral, 458

natural, 358

and the sensus divinitatis, 484

evolution, 150–151, 154, 214, 227–240, 330

and true belief, 231–237

Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism, the, 227–240, 281–284, 350–351

exclusivism, 438, 440

as arbitrary, 442–457

definition of, 440

experience, religious. See religious experience

Extended A/C Model, 241–242, 285, 330, 375, 455, 486

defeaters for. See defeaters for Christian belief

initial statement, 203–206

necessity of, 268–280

objections to, 324–353

Plantinga’s claims regarding, 201, 325, 351

 

F & M complaint, the, 137–153, 155, 161–163, 167–168, 178, 192–198. See also Freud, Sigmund; Marx, Karl

faith, 168, 186, 200–201, 206, 246–289, 303, 416

Calvin’s definition of, 248

content of, 248–249

and evidence, 265

and external rationality, 256–258

and historical biblical criticism, 412–420

and internal rationality, 256

and justification, 252–255

and knowledge, 256

as “a leap of faith”, 263–264

Mark Twain’s opinion of, 246–247

and other belief-forming mechanisms, 262n

and warrant, 256–258

and the will and affections, 206, 247, 269, 293

Fales, Evan, 138n

fall, the, 211–213. See also sin

Feenstra, Ronald, 317n

Feldman, Richard, 157n

fideism, 73

Findlay, J. N., 421

Finke, Roger, 193n

Fitelson, Branden, 229n

Flew, Antony, 8n, 89, 100

Flint, Thomas, 461n

Fodor, Jerry, 229n, 404n

Foucault, Michel, 71

foundational beliefs, 83–85

Foundationalism, Classical, 81–85, 93–99, 408, 422, 447

Chisholm’s defense of, 95–97

relationship to evidence, 82–84

self-referential incoherence, 94–97

variations on, 102–103

Francis of Sales, 313n, 315

Fraser, Alexander, 72n

Freddoso, Alfred, 82n

free will, 258, 461–462

selective, 461n

Free Will Defense, the, 461–462

Frege, Gottlob, 27, 344n, 361

Frei, Hans, 247n

Freud, Sigmund, vi, viii, ix, x, 100, 135–140, 142–145, 149, 151–152, 161–163, 167, 184, 186, 188, 191, 192–198, 200, 307, 315–316, 358, 362, 367–368, 427, 484. See also wish fulfillment

Frye, Northrop, 143–144

Fuller, Margaret, 247

function, 146, 154–155. See also proper function; warrant

fundamentalism, 244–245

 

Gale, Richard, 90, 300n, 335–342

Gaskin, J. C. A., 90

Gellner, Ernest, 423

genetic fallacy, 194

Gettier example, 156–157, 189, 285–286

Gilkey, Langdon, 394, 403, 404, 405, 413

Gilson, Etienne, 171n, 419

Ginet, Carl, 153n, 359

God

impassibility, 319–320

perception of, 180–184

reference to, 3–63

God and Other Minds, 68, 69–70, 81, 136

God, Freedom, and Evil, 460n, 461n

Gödel, Kurt, 440

Goodman, Nelson, 208n

Great Pumpkin Objection, 342–345

Son of Great Pumpkin, 345–351

Great things of the Gospel, the, 80, 101, 247n, 248–249, 252, 304–305

and inference, 304–305

Greek philosophy and the Bible, 319

Grim, Patrick, 7n, 202n

504

Grünbaum, Adolf, 152n, 197n

Gutting, Gary, 91, 336, 339, 431–433, 447–450, 454n, 455–457

 

Haas, John, 481n

Hardy, Lee, 443n

Harvey, Anthony E., 415

Harvey, Van Austin, 375, 391, 401, 403–404, 408–410, 413

Hasker, William, 461n

HBC. See historical biblical criticism

Hegel, G. W. F., 141n

Heidegger, Martin, 208n, 423, 427, 436

Heidelberg Catechism, 62n, 122, 195, 202, 208n, 247, 248n, 256, 288

Hempel, Carl, 8n

Herbert, George, 307n

Herodotus, 271

Hick, John, 5, 31, 43–63, 428n, 438, 443n, 444, 498

Kantian elements, 43–44

mythological truth, 56–57, 61

positive vs. negative properties, 52–55

on religious pluralism, 438

substantial vs. formal properties, 45–49

historical biblical criticism, vi, xi, 243n, 375, 386–401, 411n

arguments for, 403–412

disagreements within, 402

Duhemian, 395–398, 407n, 411–412, 415–417, 419

effectiveness, 420–421

and faith, 387–390

Non-Troeltschian, 414–418, 421

as a project of the Enlightenment, 386–387

reasons to reject, 412–420

and scientific study of Scripture, 387–388

Spinozistic, 398–399, 407n, 412, 415–416, 419

and traditional biblical commentary, 419–420

Troeltschian, 390–395, 404–409, 411–414, 419–421

historical relativism. See relativism, historical and cultural

Holy Spirit, x, 33, 81, 101, 148, 180, 184, 186, 199–201, 206, 241, 243–245, 246n, 247, 249–253, 255–260, 268–269, 277, 280–282, 284, 290, 292 293, 295, 304, 378–380

internal instigation of, 130, 148, 180, 201, 206, 249–252, 255, 268, 330, 334 338, 343, 347, 374, 380, 416, 453, 455, 478

and production of faith, 249–252

why necessary?, 268–280

Howsepian, Albert, 202n

Hume, David, 9, 75, 92n, 97, 98, 130, 142–143, 155, 185, 200, 215n, 218–227, 239, 241, 261, 284–285, 298, 350, 404, 421, 459, 470n

Huxley, T. H., 232

 

Iannaccone, Laurence, 193n

IIHS. See Holy Spirit, internal instigation of

Image of God, 204

broad, 204

narrow, 204

Incarnation, the, 201

incorrigible beliefs, 76, 84

induction, 147

intellect and will

dependency relations between, 301

priority, 295–304

introspection, 147

involuntarism. See voluntarism

 

James, William, 70n, 89, 311, 313n, 326

Jantzen, Grace, 423n

Jeffreys, Derek, 204n

Jesus Christ, 199, 202, 214, 243, 254, 270–277, 280, 290, 375, 377–378, 384n, 385, 389–390

Historical Jesus, the, 399–401, 415, 418n

necessity for salvation, 243n

resurrection of, 275–277, 400–401, 405–406, 413

suffering of, 487

Jesus Seminar, 389n, 403n

John Paul II, Pope, 488n, 493n

Johnson, Luke Timothy, 389, 400, 416

Jones, E. M., 196

Jowett, Benjamin, 388n, 414

justification (pertaining to epistemology), ix, 70–71, 87–88, 93, 100–102, 108, 177–178, 186, 200, 203, 241–242, 246, 286, 346–347, 448–449

Alston justification, 104–107, 135

and faith, 252–255

objective vs. subjective, 102n, 203

and rationality, 109

justification (pertaining to salvation), 265

 

505

Kane, G, Stanley, 461n

Kant, Immanuel, viii, 5, 7–30, 31, 33, 43, 51n, 59, 75, 173, 404, 436, 498

antinomies, 21–27

“One World” interpretation, 12–14

reference to the noumenon, 14–20

“Two Worlds” interpretation, 10–12, 16–20

Kaufman, Gordon, 4, 5, 16, 31–42, 382n–383n, 498

connections to Kant, 33

objections to God as personal, 39–42

objections to language about God, 31–38

Kenny, Anthony, 90, 227n

Keynes, J. M., 78

Kierkegaard, Søren, 436

Klein, Peter, 157n

knowledge, ix, 72, 153, 159n, 248n, 256, 264

Kretzmann, Norman, 82n, 103

Kuyper, Abraham, 314n, 318n, 319n, 404n, 423, 436, 489

 

Lacan, Jacques, 423

Laplace, 92

Lehrer, Keith, 256n, 282–283

Leibniz, 51n, 52, 307

Levenson, Jon, 388, 400n, 412, 417

Levine, Michael, 317

Lewis, C. S., 205, 216n, 317n, 318n, 322n

Lewis, David, 392n, 461n

Lindars, Barnabas, 389, 417

Lindbeck, George, 247n

Livingston, James C., 407n

Locke, John, 71–88, 90, 93–94, 98, 108, 147, 266–268, 271n, 298, 344, 386, 408

on deduction, 78, 102

on different kinds of knowledge, 75–77

on fideism, 73

on opinion, 74–77

on probability, 78, 84

on reason, 77–78

regulating opinion and reason, 74, 79

on Revelation, 79–81

on testimony, 84, 147

on tradition, 73–74, 147

logical positivism, 7

Lombard, Peter, 211n

Lüdemann, Gerd, 401

Luther, Martin, v, 211n, 245, 292n,293–294

 

MacIntyre, Alasdair, 8n

Mackie, John, 90–92, 100, 103, 200, 332, 335, 386

and evidentialism, 85–86, 91–92

on the problem of evil, 460–461, 463

on religious experience, 328–331

Macmillan, Malcolm, 197n

Macquarrie, John, 253, 394, 403, 404, 405, 406

Martin, Michael, 343–349

Marx, Karl, vi, ix, x, 100, 135–136, 140–143, 149, 151–152, 162–163, 167, 184, 191, 192, 358, 367–368, 427

Matthews, H. E., 13n

Mayr, Ernst, 228

McCloskey, H. J., 461n

McFague, Sallie, 5n

McGonagall, William E., 50

McMullin, Ernan, 414n

McTaggart, J., 461n

Meier, John, 387n, 398, 415–416

Meinong, Alexius, 429

Menzel, Christopher, 281n

Merricks, Trenton, 159n

metaphysics, 395–396

methodological naturalism, 387–390, 396–398

Mill, John Stuart, 21, 195, 461n

Milton, John, 209, 291n

miracles, 269n, 284, 394–395, 400, 403–404, 412

Mitchell, Basil, 90

models, 168. See also A/C Model; Extended A/C Model

Moore, Brian, 207n

Mormonism, 202

Morris, Thomas, 281n

Muyskens, James, 263n

 

natural laws, 177, 392–395

natural theology, 69, 130, 171n, 175–176, 179n

naturalism, xii, 439

the Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism, 227–240, 281–284, 350–351

Nature of Necessity, The, 26n, 35n, 115n, 461n

Negative Theology, 5n, 45–46

New Catholic Catechism, 202

Newman, John, 97, 454–455

Nicene Creed, 202

Nielsen, Kai, 100

Nietzsche, Friedrich, vi, ix, 58, 100, 123, 136, 142, 200, 291, 423, 427

506

Noble, Paul, 351

noetic effects of sin, the. See sin, noetic effects of

Nygren, Anders, 319n

 

O’Hair, Madalyn Murray, 42

O’Hear, Anthony, 90, 326–329, 333

Oakes, Edward T., 215n

objections to belief in God

de facto, vi–viii, x, 3, 167, 169, 191, 194

de jure objection, vii–ix, x, 67–69, 88, 93, 102, 105–108, 113–114, 116–117, 132–133, 135, 167, 169, 191, 194

relationship between the de jure and de facto objections, 190–191

obligation, epistemic. See Classical Deontologism

Ockham’s Razor, 369–370

omniscience, 7n

ontological argument, the, 55n

Origen, 439

Ostler, Blake T., 202n

Ostow, Mortimer, 315n

Otte, Richard, 486

Otto, Rudolf, 183

 

parity, epistemic, 451–453

Pascal, Blaise, 210, 436

Paul, the Apostle, 98–99, 167, 171, 177, 181, 198, 210, 216n, 243, 252n, 269, 280, 288, 290

Pauw, Amy Plantinga, 314

Peirce, Charles Sanders, 84, 174n, 215n

Penelhum, Terence, 91

perceptual beliefs, 76–77

Perrin, Norman, 276

Phillips, D. Z., 8n

Piper, John, 320

Plantinga, Cornelius, 320n, 490n

Plaskow, Judith, 150

Plato, 72, 75, 146, 153, 383

pluralism. See religious pluralism

Pollock, John, 114n, 359n

possibility

epistemic vs. logical, 168, 169n

postliberalism, 247n

postmodernism, 247n, 252, 385

on argumentation and defeaters, 426

and authorial intent, 385

and the death of epistemology, 72

as defeater for Christian belief, 422–423, 425–437

and historical conditionedness, 427–429

inconsistent with Christian belief?, 423–425

on truth, 424–425, 429–438

Preus, J. Samuel, 145n

Pringle, William, 399

probability, 441–442

Bayesian, 223n, 229–231, 272n

epistemic, 272n, 471–472, 485

and evil, 462–482

objective, 105, 107, 188, 223n, 230, 272n

problem of evil, vi, xi, 115, 427, 459

and the Book of Job, 494–498

evidential, 462–481

goal of, 464

logical, 460–464

as nonargumentative defeater for Christian belief, 481–484

as a successful defeater for Christian belief, 480–481, 491

topics under the rubric of, 459n

proper function, ix, 133, 146, 154–155 See also warrant

properly basic belief. See belief in God, properly basic

properties, 15–16

psychoanalysis, 140, 196

 

Quine, W. V. O., 217, 221, 234

Quinn, Philip, 95n, 358, 366–367, 369–373, 460, 492

 

rationality, ix, 108–134, 179n, 185, 200, 241–242, 345–347

Alstonian practical rationality, 117–134, 286

Aristotelian, 109, 110, 113, 114, 116

and coherence, 112

and the deliverances of reason, 113–115

deontological rationality

external, 112–113, 200, 204, 246, 256–258, 356

internal, 110–112, 200, 203, 246, 255, 365, 492

means-end rationality, 115–117, 121

as proper function, 110–113

and theological disagreements, 255n

Rawls, John, 122

Real, the. See Hick, John

realism, theological, 144

reason, 146–149

“Reason and Belief in God”, 68, 82n, 93n, 136, 173n, 176n, 178, 213n

Reformation, the, 71

507

Reformed Epistemology, 200n

Reformed Scholasticism, 292

Reformed theology, 200, 253

regeneration, 280, 299–300. See also salvation

Reid, Thomas, 97, 98, 118, 130, 147, 216, 218–227, 258, 386, 432

relativism

epistemic, 433

historical and cultural, 423, 427–429

religious experience, 180–184, 258

cognitivity, 335–342

objections to belief in God receiving warrant from, 326–353

religious language, 32–62

religious pluralism, xi, 422

and arbitrariness of Christian belief, 441–44

and the arrogance/egoism of Christian belief, 447–456

effect on Christian belief, 456–457

as a probabilistic defeater for Christian belief, 441–442

representationalism, 432–433

resolution condition, 158–161. See also warrant

Revelation, Divine, 79–81

Rey, Abel, 395, 396n

Rorty, Richard, 112n, 131, 208n, 221, 423n, 427, 437, 449

on truth, 429–435

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 142, 193

Rowe, William, 465–469

Runzo, Joseph, 439n

Russell, Bertrand, 27, 42, 89, 114, 157, 185, 223, 227, 344, 361

Russell, Bruce, 466n

Ryan, Sharon, 159n

 

Sagan, Carl, 202n

Salmon, Nathan, 114n

Salmon, Wesley, 90

salvation, 201–202, 205, 280–282

and the affections, 208–213, 280, 295

the nature of, 206–213

original sin, 207

and pride, 211–214

Sanders, E. P., 388, 397–398, 417

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 318, 423

Satan, 282, 494

Schellenberg, J. L., 441–442

Schmidt, Wilhelm, 138n

Schweitzer, Albert, 418n

scientia, 72, 82n

Scougal, Henry, 313–314

Scripture. See Bible, the

Scriven, Michael, 89

self-evidence, 75–76, 113–114, 128, 260–262

self-referential incoherence/inconsistency, 94–97, 446

semantic epiphenomenalism, 233–234

sensus divinitatis, 130, 131n, 139n, 148, 172–176, 178, 180, 182–184, 186, 199, 205, 214–216, 240, 245, 246n, 280–281, 305, 330, 334–335, 343, 347, 453, 455, 484–487, 490–492

damage of, 210, 214–216

repair of, 280–281

resistance to, 205

Seraphim of Sarov, St., 292

serious actualism, 114

Sheehan, Thomas, 275n, 400n–402n

Shope, Robert, 156n

Simon, Herbert, 193n, 214n

simplicity, 308

sin, x, 190, 199–240, 257–258, 280–283, 316, 427

and consequences of failing to know God, 217–240

divine remedy for, 201–202

and lack of knowledge, 227–240

noetic effects of, 172n, 179n, 189, 190, 206, 213–216, 280–282

as sloth, 215

and skepticism, 218–227

skepticism, vii, 4, 218–227, 428

Smith, Huston, 404n

Smith, J. M., 232

Smith, John E., 100n

Smith, Morton, 275n, 400

Smith, Wilfred Cantwell, 443

Sober, Elliott, 229n

Socrates, 208–209

Spinoza, 386, 398–399

Stark, Rodney, 193n

Steup, Matthias, 153n

Strauss, David, 393n–394n, 399

Stump, Eleonore, 82n, 402n, 493n, 494n

Swinburne, Richard, 90, 153n, 261n, 266n, 271n, 272–280, 336, 384n

Sudduth, Michael, 176n

suffering, 458, 493–494. See also problem of evil

sympathy, 147

 

Talbott, William, 363n

Tamburello, Dennis, 292n

Taylor, James, 153n

508

Teresa of Liseaux, 491n

Tertullian, 216

Testimonial Model, 266–267, 290–323. See also Extended A/C Model, the necessity of

testimony, 147, 186n, 215, 251–252, 258, 268, 374

and transfer of warrant, 348, 364, 377

theism, 202n

theistic arguments/proofs, 69, 131, 462–463

theodicy, 459

Theresa of Avila, 311, 342

Thiering, Barbara, 400

Thomas, the Apostle, 254, 265–266

Tillich, Paul, 202, 215

Trinity, the, 199, 319–320, 488, 489

Social Trinity, the, 320n

Troeltsch, Ernst, 390–395. See also historical biblical criticism, Troeltschian

truth, 216, 422–423, 436–437, 443–444

and fallibilism, 436–437

as human construction, 423, 429–436

and language, 434–436

rejection of, 424–425

and tolerance, 443–447

Turner, Donald, 463n

Tyrell, James, 72

 

Van Cleve, James, 13n

van Fraassen, Bas, 177n, 210n, 227, 233n, 392n, 420n

van Inwagen, Peter, 466, 471n

van Til, Cornelius, 217

Vander Zee, Leonard, 481n

Verifiability Criterion of Meaning, 8, 34n

Vitz, Paul, 196n

Voltaire, François, 193

voluntarism

and affections, 310n

and belief, 96, 104, 122

Vos, Arvin, 250n

 

Wainwright, William, 300n, 336, 351n

Wallace, Anthony F. C., 193n

warrant, ix, 135, 153–161, 167–198, 199–200, 204, 206, 241–242, 246, 346–351, 476

and cognitive mini/maxienvironments, 158–161, 256–257, 360, 480

and a congenial environment, 155

degrees of, 456

derivative warrant, 283–284

and design plan, 154, 156, 486

and evidential considerations, 477–478

and the F&M complaint, 161

and faith, 256–258, 270–271

and false belief, 186–188

and Gettier examples, 156–159

and malfunctioning cognitive faculties, 286

and misleading evidence, 158–160

and proper basicality, 178–180

as proper function, 153–154, 155

relative to circumstances/environment, 428–429

and religious experience, 326–353

and resolution conditions, 157–161

and supernatural production of a belief, 245–246, 246n

and testimony, 348, 364

and truth, 155–157, 159n, 347

Warrant: the Current Debate, ix, xii, 68, 71, 82n, 88n, 98, 99n, 104n, 109, 130n, 153, 222, 419n

Warrant and Proper Function, ix, x, xii, 21n, 68, 76n, 78n, 94n, 105n–106n, 110, 111, 113n, 146n–149n, 153, 154n–155n, 156, 159n, 161n, 183, 186n, 188n, 194, 229, 237, 238n, 251n, 258, 261n, 272n, 285n, 328, 332–333, 377n, 428, 435n, 472, 476n

Weinberg, Steven, 306–307

Wells, G. A., 401

Wesley, John, 288, 292n

Westminster Catechism, 202, 317

Westphal, Merold, 9n, 14, 136n

Wilken, Robert, 439n

will, the, 204, 292. See also affections, religious; intellect and will, priority

Willard, Samuel, 314, 317

Williams, Bernard, 317

Wilson, Warren, 193

wish fulfillment, vii, viii, 101, 139–140, 142, 194–198, 307, 315–316, 362–364, 368n See also Freud, Sigmund

Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 8n, 118, 432

Wolterstorff, Nicholas, xiii, 8n, 38n, 68n, 71n, 251n, 271n, 377n, 423n

Woozley, A. D., 74

Wykstra, Stephen, 90, 102, 466

 

Yale School, 247n

Yeago, David, 387n

 

Zagzebski, Linda, 82n

Zeis, John, 82n