HOUBIGANT, hii"bi"gall', CHARLES FRANCOIS: French Biblical Scholar; b. in Paris 1686; d. there Oct. 31, 1783. He entered the Congregation of the Oratory in 1704, and subsequently taught in the colleges of the order at Marseilles and Soissons. In 1722 he was called to Paris to conduct the conferences of St. Magloire. As a result of overwork in this position he became ill and almost totally deaf. He then devoted himself with remarkable energy to the study of Semitic languages. till a fall robbed him of his intellectual faculties toward the end of his long career. His principal works are: Racines Hebraiques (Paris, 1732); Prolegomena in Scripturam sacram (1746); and Biblia Hebraica cum criticis et versions Latina (4 vols., 1753), of which the Latin version also appeared separately under the title Veteris Testamenti versio nova (5 vols., 1753). This work, which is printed without vowel-points, is based upon the text published in 1705 by Eberhard van den Hooght. The entire work was published at the expense of the Oratory.

Bibliography: Cadry, in Magwin encyclop6dique, vol. iii., May, 1806; G. W. Meyer, Geach"te den Schrifterktdrung, iv. 154, 264-265, 5 vols., Göttingen, 1802-08; KL, vi. 314-315; Lichtenberger, ESR, vi. 386-388.

HOUGHTON, LOUISE SEYMOUR: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Piermont, N. Y., Nov. 22, 1838. She was educated privately and at Utica Female Seminary, Utica, N. Y., and in 1872-75 was in Europe, where she became interested in the MeAll Mission (q.v.). Besides being connected with the English department of Vassar College in 1892-95, she was literary editor (1888,89), associate editor (1889-98), and editor-in-chief (1899-1902) of the New York Evangelist, and from 1902 to 1904 associate editor of the Christian Work and Evangelist. She was a charter member and first vice-president of the Jacob A. Rüs Neighborhood Settlement from 1889 to 1904, and has been corresponding secretary of the New York auxiliary of the McAll Mission since 1888 and a director of the American MeAll Association since 1896. In theology she belongs to the Broad Church. Among her numerous publications special mention may be made of the following: TheSabbath Month (Philadelphia,1879); Life of David Livingstone (1881); The Bible in Picture and Story (New York, 1889); The Life of Christ in Picture and Story (1890); From Olivet to Patmos in. Picture aced Story (1891); Cruise of the "Mystery" in McAll Mission Work (1891); The Log of the " Lady Gray " (1896); Telling Bible Stories (1905); Hebrew Life arid Thought (Chicago, 1906); skid The Russian Grandmother's Wonder Tales (New York, 1906). She has also translated, among other works, Paul Sabatier's " St. Francis of Assisi " (New York, 1895); E. Stapfer's " Jesus Christ " (3 vols., 1896-1898); and Augusts Sabatier's "Religions of Authority and Religions of the Spirit " (1903).

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