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true Origin and Evolution of the Jewish Sabbath and the Lord's Day, 2d ed., Boston, 1907; World's Rest Day. Being nn Account of the Thirteenth International Congress on the Lord's Day, held at Edinburgh 6th to 8th Oct., 1908, Edinburgh, 1909 ; A. E. Main, Bible Studies on the Sabbath Question, Alfred, New York, 1910; W. B. Dana, A Day for Rest and Worship; its Origin, Development, and Present-day Meaning, ib., 1911; DCA, ii. 10421056; DB, iii. 138-141, iv. 317-323; EB, iii. 2813-i6; JE, x. 587-605; DCG, i. 251-253, ii. 540-542; Schaff, Christian Church, i. 476-480, ii. 201-205.

Mommsen, Berlin, 1905 ; Blue Laws of New Haven Colony . Connecticut: Quaker Laws of Plymouth and Massa-

Early Ethnic Religious Training (§ 1).

Hebrew and Jewish Religious Ed- II. ucation (§ 2).

Early Christian Schools (¢ 3).

Schools in the Reformation Era (§ 4).

school (§ 5).

(§ 3).

Extension in Great Britain (¢ 4).

The Sunday-school may be defined as an assembly of persons grouped in classes, with teachers, on the Lord's Day, for the study of the Bible, for moral and religious instruction, and for the worship of God. The modern Sunday-school grew out of a movement to provide religious instruction for poor and neglected children, near the close of the eighteenth century. In its present popular form, it seeks to teach and to train all whom it can reach in the performance of the duties owing to God and to neighbor, as these duties are set forth in the Jewish and Christian Scriptures.

I. History. 1. Early Religious Instruction; Re

ligious instruction of the young and the unlearned

has, from the earliest history of the human race,

been recognized as a sacred duty. In early times

all primary instruction centered in the family, the

father was teacher and priest of the

1. Early household (Gen. xviii. 19). The more

Ethnic advanced education was, however,

Religious often provided in connection with tem

ples, indicating how large a place re

ligion had in the nations of great antiquity. The

recent explorations in Babylonia, as at Sippara and

Nippur, have not only shown that fully equipped

schools existed in the days of Abraham and earlier,

but they have also made known the methods of

those schools, since multitudes of tablets have been

found giving varied forms of school exercises of

pupils, illustrating the pedagogical methods in the

schools of Chaldea and Babylonia when Abraham

and his fathers were children. Hymns and relig

ious texts formed part of the extensive equipment

used. Among the Semitic peoples, religious instruc

tion in accord with school methods, therefore, was

known and practised long before Abraham's day,

necEicuE from the Code of 1860 arid Public Records Previous to 1866, 5th ed., New York, 1904; H. Kingsbury, The Sabbath: a Brief History of Laws, Petitions, Remonstrances, and Reports, with Facts and Arguments relating to the Christian Sabbath, ib. 1840; J. H. Rigg, The Sabbath and the Sabbath Law, London, 1881; E. Beavan, History of the Welsh Sunday Closing Act, Cardiff, 1885; L. A. Govett, The King's Book of Sports, London, 1890; G. E. Harris, A Treatise on Sunday Laws. The Sabbath. The Lord's Day, its History and, Observance, Civil and Criminal, Rochester, 1892; A. H. Lewis, A Critical History of Sunday Legislation, new ed., New York, 1902; R. C. Wylie, Sabbath Laws in the U. S., Pittsburg, 1905; H. E. Young, Sunday Laws. Paper in Proceedings of Third Annual Meeting of American Bar Association; Documents 29, 41,

III. Modes of Instruction and Literature.

struction (¢ 2).

British Sunday-school Literature

G 5).

American Literature (§ 8).

Conclusion (§ 7).

and the glimpses of the fact which appear in the Hebrew narratives, reveal its existence, and some out unmistakably in the record of the " first " and great commandment (Deut. vi. 4-9). And these are unexpectedly and signally confirmed by the school-tablets found in Babylonia and by a law of Hammurabi (see HAMMURABI AND His ConE), forbidding a lost child's recovery by its parents, when adopted and " taught " a handicraft or trade by its foster-father Q§ 188-189; Eng. transl. in DB, Extra Volume, p. 605).

Faithful religious instruction of the young was given by Abraham, with military training (Gen. xiv. 14; cf. Job i. 5), and was enjoined in the observance of the Passover. The Mosaic

2. Hebrew law required children and adults to and Jewish come together before the Lord at