MOFFAT, JAMES: United Free Church of Scotland; b. at Glasgow July 4, 1870. He was educated at the University of Glasgow (M.A., 1890) and the Free Church College in the same city (B.D., 1894). After the completion of his post-graduate studies, he was chosen minister of Dundonald Church, Ayrshire, a position which he left in 1907 to go to Broughty Ferry. He was also Bruce lecturer in the United Free Church College, Glasgow, in 1906, and Jowett lecturer in London in 1907, and has been a member of the Oxford Historical Society and a member of the editorial board of the Hibbert Journal since 1903. In addition to translating A. Harnack's Die Mission and Auabreitung des Urchristentums (Leipsic, 1902; 2d ed., 1906) under the title Expansion of Christianity in the ,first three Centuries (2 vols., London, 1904-05, 2d ed., 1908), he has written The Historical New Tes. tament (Edinburgh, 1901); The Golden Book of John Owen (London, 1904); Literary Illustrations of the Bible, Epistle of St. James (1906); and George Meredith; a Primer to the Novels (1909); and has in preparation An Introduction to the Literature of the New Testament and the Epistles to the Thessalonians and Revelation for The Expositor's Greek Testament.

MOFFAT, JAMES DAVID: Presbyterian; b. at New Lisbon, O., Mar. 15, 1846. He was educated at Washington and Jefferson College (A.B., 1869) and at Princeton Theological Seminary (1869-71). He was then stated supply of the Second Presbyterian Church, Wheeling, W. Va., in 1871-73, and pastor of the same church from 1873 to 1882. Since the latter year he has been president of Washington and Jefferson College. He was also associate editor of The Presbyterian Banner from 1894 to 1906, and was moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly at Winona Lake, Ind., in 1905. In theology he describes himself as "a Presbyterian who advocated revision of the Westminster Confession of Faith, and now advocates the union of all Presbyterian churches in the United States."

MOFFAT, ROBERT: African missionary; b. at Ormiston (9 m. s.e. of Edinburgh), Scotland, Dec. 21; 1795; d. at Leigh (25 m. s.e. of London) Aug. 9, 1883. From a boy he was religiously inclined, and after offering himself for mission work to the London Missionary Society he was accepted and sent to South Africa, 1816. He went first to Namaqua Land, where he was assisted by Afrikaner, a

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native chief converted by him. From there he went to Lattakoo in 1820, then on to Kuruman in 1825. From 1839 to 1843 he was in London lecturing for the Missionary Society, and translating the Psalms. He met Livingstone at this time, and secured his services for the Bechuana mission. In 1843 he resumed his work in Kuruman, and in 1857 finished his translation of the Bible. In 1870 he returned to England permanently. In 1872 he was honored with a doctorate in divinity from Edinburgh, and a testimonial of £5,000 from his friends. He and Mrs. Moffat, who shared his labors and dangers, were pioneers in South African mission work, and stanch friends of the natives, while he proved himself a skilful organizer, teacher, and translator. During his work in South Africa, he labored at intervals on a translation of the Bible into Chuana (Bechuana, Sechuana), which was published London, 1872, revised 1890. He was the author of "A Book of Hymns in Chuana" (Mission Press, Kuruman, 1838); Missionary Labours and Scenes in Southern Africa (London, 1842); Rivers of Water in a Dry Place, Being an Account of the Introduction of Christianity into South Africa, and of Mr. Moffat's Missionary Labours (1863).

Bibliography: Lives were written by his son, J. S. Moffat, latest ed., London, 1904 (includes life of Mary Moffat); W. Walters, New York, 1882; J. D. Marrat, London, 1884; D. J. Deane, ib. 1887; M. E. Wilder, Chicago, 1887; and in DNB, xxxviii. 97-101. Consult also: Robert Moffat, an Example of Missionary Heroism, London, 1878; Miss A. Manning, Heroes of the Desert, ib. 1885.