INDUCTION: In the Church of England, the formal installation of a clergyman, already nominated by the patron and approved by the bishop, in the possession of a benefice. The act is usually performed by the archdeacon, who accompanies the new incumbent to the church, places his hand upon the key or handle of the door, and says to him "By virtue of this mandate I do induct you into the real, actual; and corporal possessions of this church of Christ, with all the rights, profits, and appurtenances thereto belonging." The incumbent then opens the door, enters the church, and rings the bell to make the fact of his induction known to his parishioners. In the American Episcopal Church, the analogous function is known as institution, for which a special service is provided in the prayer-book.

INDULGENCES.

Definition (§ 1).

As Remission of Ecclesiastical Penance (§ 2).

Crusading Indulgences (§ 3)

As Remission of Temporal Penalties (§ 4).

As the Remission of Guilt and Penalty (§ 5).

Applicable to the Departed (§ 6).

[An indulgence is defined by modern Roman Catholic authorities as " " the remission of the tem poral punishment due to God for sins already for given as to guilt; a remission granted by ecclesiastical authority to the faithful, from the treasury of the superabundant satisfactory merits of our Lord Indians of North America Indulgences

1. Definition

or periods of forty days (called quar- antines), or for a year, or for several years; and plenary, by which the whole of the temporal punishment due to God for sins which have been forgiven is supposed to be remitted. In connection with plenary indulgences granted "in the form of Jubilee," confessors have power conferred upon them to absolve from reserved cases (see CAsus RESERVATI), to dispense from or commute certain simple vows, etc. In order to gain indulgences in general, it is necessary to be in a state of grace, i.e., free from mortal sin; to have at least a general intention of gaining the indulgence; and to perform whatever good works (generally the recitation of some prayer) are prescribed as a condition. To gain a plenary indulgence, confession, communion, a visit to some church or public oratory, and pious prayers are usually prescribed. It is also taught by theologians that it is an important condition for gaining a plenary indulgence to have a true hatred for all sins, even though venial, and to be wholly free from any attachment to them.] The history of the growth of the doctrine of indulgence has never been fully investigated.

Indulgences in the modern sense can not be shown to extend further back than the eleventh century.