HORB (HORBE), JOHANN HEINRICH: German Pietist; b. at Colmar (40 m. s.s.w. of Strasburg) June 11, 1645; d. at Steinbeck (5 m. e. of Hamburg) Jan. 26, 1695. He was educated at Strasburg, receiving the degree of master in 1664, and afterward visiting several other German universities. He then accompanied some young men, as tutor, on their journeys through Holland, England, and France. During his travels he continued his studies, which included more especially dogmatics and patristics. He became court preacher at Bischweiler in 1671 and, shortly after, inspector and pastor in Trarbach, on the Moselle, where he became involved in disputes with his colleagues and was Suspended. To escape further unpleasantness on account of his Pietistic tendencies he accepted a call as superintendent to Windsheim, Franconia, in Jan., 1679. But even there he was not permitted to fulfil his duties in peace; he was accused of heresy and the people were stirred up against him. At the same time both he and Spener were attacked by George Konrad Dilfeld, of Nordhausen, Spener answering by a refutation in his own defense as will as in that of Horb. He accepted a call as chief pastor of St. Nicholas, in Hamburg, and was installed on Apr. 8, 1685. Here, too, in consequence of his relation to Pietism, he experienced great annoyance and trouble. His principal opponent was Johann Friedrich Mayer (q.v.), pastor of St. James, who, thinking himself offended by Spener, now found a vent for his hatred by attacking Spener's brother-in-law, Horb. Of the pastors of the five

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principal churches in Hamburg, S. Schultz, of St. Peter, stood on Mayer's side; the two others, J. Winckler, of St. Michael, and A. Hinckelmann, of St. Catherine, were, like Horb, in favor of Pietism. Schultz and Mayer complained continually of the enthusiasts and " quakers "; by which they meant Winckler and Horb. Two events, however, brought the dispute to open conflict and set the whole city in an uproar. On Mar. 14, 1690, Schultz requested all the clergymen in the city to sign a declaration "not to recognize as brethren all false philosophers, opponents of Scripture, too lax theologians, and other fanatics, especially Jacob Boehme." Winckler, Horb, and others refused to sign. On Dec. 31, 1692, Horb likewise distributed to the servants and children who were sent to him with New Years' gifts a little treatise on the education of children in the true grounds of Christianity. This treatise originated in a circle of French mystics, and contained incautious remarks of which Horb himself did not approve. However, the conflict which now broke out knew no bounds; Mayer set the whole city in a turmoil, especially the artisans. The contest was carried on in sermons, in controversial writings, in meetings of the citizens, even on the streets and in the market-places, but without result. At last, in a very tumultuous meeting, N ov. 24,1693, Horb was dismissed from his office. AB his life was in danger, he fled to Steinbeck, where he died.

Carl Bertheau.

Bibliography: J. Geffcken, Johann Winckler und die ham- 6urgische Ruche seiner Zeit, Hamburg, 1861; J. Moller, Cimbria litterata, ii. 355-372, Copenhagen, 1744; K. J. W . Wolters, Hamburg vor 200 Jahren, 161 sqq., Hamburg, 1892; ADB, mii. 120 sqq.