Honius, Cornelius

HONE, WILLIAM: English author and bookseller; b. at Bath June 3, 1780; d. at Tottenham, London, Nov. 6, 1842. At the age of ten he was placed in an attorney's office in London, but in 1800 he gave up law and became a bookseller. On account of his various philanthropic schemes he was uniformly unsuccessful in business. In order to support his family he took up authorship in 1815 and published numerous political squibs and satires, which were illustrated by Cruikshank. For parodying the litany, the Athanasian Creed, and the church catechism, he was tried on three separate charges Dec. 17-19, 1820, but was acquitted on each count. As a result of researches which he made in preparing his own defense he published The Apocryphal New Testament (London, 1820) and Ancient Mysteries Described (1823). He collected a dozen of his controversial pamphlets, including The Political House that Jack Bunt (1819), under the title FacetiTe card Miscellanies (1827). In the literary world Hone is remembered for his three compilations, The Every Day Book (2 vols.,1826-27), The Table Book (2 vols., 1827-28), and The Year Book (1832), in the preparation of which he had the approval and assistance of Robert Southey, Charles Lamb, and others. In the latter part of his life Hone became converted and frequently preached in the Independent Weigh House Chapel, Eastcheap.

Bibliography: Gentleman'a Magazine, May, 1843; Some Account of the Conversion of yV. Hone, London, 1853;

DNB, xxvu. 243-247 (where other sources are indicated).

HONIUS, CORNELIUS (CORNELIS HENRIK, HOEN): Dutch Protestant; b. probably at Gouda

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(11 m. n.e. of Rotterdam); d. at The Hague 1524. He studied at Utrecht and settled at The Hague as an advocate. In 1509 he received a batch of papers of the lately deceased Jacob Hoeck, canon and dean of Naaldwijk and pastor at Wassenaar, among which he found several works of Johann Wessel (q.v.), including a treatise on the Lord's Supper, in which Wessel, rejecting the doctrine of transubstantiation, sought to show (by combining John iii. 36 and vi. 54) that "eat" and "drink" can mean nothing more than believing in Christianity and assimilating it into our lives. In reflecting over this work Honius concluded that est in the words of institution could mean only significat. He communicated this view to several friends, particularly to Johannes Rode (q.v.), rector of the Hieronymus-School at Utrecht. Rode and Honius determined to acquaint Luther and Zwingli with the new doctrine, which Honius had cleverly formulated in a short treatise, and to this end Rode visited Wittenberg, Basel, and Zurich in 1522. Zwingli was so well pleased with the writing of Honius that in 1525 he had it printed at Zurich, though without any mention of the author. By order of the inquisitor Van der Hulst Honius was arrested and put into chains in Feb., 1523, accused of being an adherent of the "Sacramentists." At the close of a lengthy trial The Hague was assigned to him as his "prison," and he was forced to deposit 3,000 ducats as security.

Otto Clemen.

Bibliography: J. G. de Hoop-Scheffer, Geschichte der Reformation in den Niederlanden, ed. P. Gerlach, pp. 84 sqq., 158 sqq., 318 sqq., Leipsic, 1886; P. Fredericq, Corpus documentorum inquinitionis . . Neerlandicae, iv., nos. 56, 125, 127, 130, 149, 151-153, 163, 166, 171, 172, Ghent, 1900. Consult also C. Ullmann, Reformers before the Reformation, ii. 509, 519-522, Edinburgh, 1877.