Havelberg, Bishopric of

HAUSRATH, ADOLF: German Reformed; b. at Carlaruhe Jan. 13, 1837. He was educated at the universities of Jena, Göttingen, Berlin, and Heidelberg (1856-60), and after being vicar at Heidelberg from 1860 to 1864, was assessor to the supreme consistory of Baden for three years. In 1867 he was appointed associate professor of church history at Heidelberg, where he has been full professor of the same subject since 1871. His theological position is liberal. He has written: Konrad von Marburg (Heidelberg, 1862); Der Apostel Paulus (1865); Neutestamentliche Zeitgeschichte (4 vols., 1868-74; Eng. transl., Hist. of the N. T. Times, 4 vols., London, 1895); Der Vierkapitelbrief deg Paulus an die Korinther (1869); David Friedrich Strauss und die Theologie seiner Zeit (2 vols., Munich, 187577); Kleine Schriften religionsgeschichtlichen Inhalts (Leipsic, 1883); Arnold von Brescia (1892); Peter Abdlard (1893); Martin Luther's Romfahrt (Berlin, 1894); Die Arnoldisten (Leipsic, 1895); Aleander and Luther auf dem Reichatage zu Worms (Berlin, 1897); Luthers Leben (2 vols., 1904-05); and Richard Rothe und seine Freunde (2 vols., 1904-06).

HAUSSLEITER, JOHANNES: German Lutheran; b. at Lopsingen (a village near Nördlingen, 50 m. s.w. of Nuremberg), Bavaria, June 23, 1851. He was educated at the universities of Erlangen, Tübingen, and Leipsic (Ph.D., 1884), and since 1891 has been professor of New Testament exegesis at the University of Greifawald. -Besides contributing extensively to theological periodicals and encyclopedias and editing August Friedrich Christian Vilmar's Ueber den evangelischen Unterricht in deutschen Gymnasien (Marburg, 1888), he has written Aua der Schule Melanchthons, theologische Disputationen and Promotionen zu Wittenberg in den Jahren 16.46 1560 (Greifswald, 1897), and Melanchthon-Kompendium (1902), as well as many briefer works.

HAVELBERG, BISHOPRIC OF: A bishopric founded by Otto I. about 948 for the propagation of Christianity among the Wends (q.v.), taking its name from the town of Havelberg (in Prussia, on the Havel, about 60 m. n.w. of Berlin). The territory of the bishopric extended from the middle Elbe to the Baltic Sea and included the island of Usedom. Originally under the authority of the archbishop of Mainz, it was transferred in 968 to the newly erected

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archbishopric of Magdeburg. Its existence, however, practically terminated with the great Wendish uprising of 983, when the town of Havelberg was taken by storm. Bishops of Havelberg continued to be named, but they remained far from their diocese, where the old heathenism prevailed. In 1140 the northern part of the see was annexed to the diocese newly formed for Pomerania (see Kammin, Bishopric of). In 1129 St. Norbert, founder of the Premonatratensians, undertook the restoration of the diocese. He obtained the appointment of his pupil, Anselm, who established a cathedral chapter in 1144, and, when a large part of the pagan inhabitants were exterminated by the crusade against the Wends in 1147, colonized the depopulated districts from the Netherlands. Most of the bishops of the later time were Premonstratensians, frequently elected, from the thirteenth century on, under the influence of the margraves of Brandenburg. The last bishop, Busso II. (d. 1548), labored unsuccessfully to withstand the inroads of the Reformation, and at his death the elector assigned the territory to his sons as administrators and completed its secularization.

Bibliography: A. F. Riedel, Codex diplomatieua Brandenburgeneia, I., ii. 382 sqq., 6 vols., Berlin, 1838-58; L. Giesebrecht, Wendische Geschichten, Berlin, 1843; Hauck, KD, iii. 102 sqq., et passim.