HAEVERNICK, HEINRICH ANDREAS CHRISTOPH: German Evangelical theologian; b. at Kropelin (15 m. w. of Rostock), MecklenburgSchwerin, Dec. 29, 1811; d. there July 19, 1845. He studied at the universities of Leipsic and Halle, but in 1830 migrated to the University of Berlin, where he came under the influence of Hengstenberg, whose theological trend he adopted. Two years later he was appointed instructor at the theological school founded at Geneva by the Société Evang& lique, and there he published, with W. Steiger, the MElanges de thkologie rdformke (2 parts, 1833-34). In 1834 he settled in Rostock, and three years later was appointed assistant professor at the unversity there, and preacher at the Klosterkirche. In 1841 he was called to the chair of theology at Königsberg. Havernick was a prolific writer, especially on the history of the Books of the Old Testament; and he was a firm believer in the traditional views concerning their origin. Like Hengstenberg, he believed in the unity and Mosaic origin of the Pentateuch, as well as in the genuineness of the Book of Daniel. His most important works were: Kommentar caber das Buch Daniel (Hamburg, 1832); Handbuch der histonwlo-kritischen Einleitung in das Alte Testament (3 vols., Erlangen, 1836-49; Eng. transl. by W. Alexander, A General Historico-critical Introduction to the 0. T., Edinburgh, 1852); Neue kritische Untersuchungen caber das Bush Daniel (Hamburg, 1838); Lucubrationes critiew ad apocalypsin spec, tames (Königsberg, 1842); Kommentar über den Propheten Ezeehiel (Erlangen, 1843); and Vorlesungen über die Theologie des Alten Testaments (1848).

(W. Volck†.)

Bibliography: ADB, m. 118-119; Evangelisches Gemeindebladt, 1846, Nos. 35-36; Ze%tblaf far die evangeliedr ludwrische Kirche Afecklenburga, 1849, Nos. 24, 25, 28.

HAFENREFFER, MATTHIAS: Lutheran; b. at Kloster Lorch (25 m. e. of Stuttgart), Württemberg, June 24, 1561; d. at Tübingen Oct. 22, 1619. He studied philosophy and theology at Tübingen, became pastor at Ehningen in 1588 and in 1590 court preacher at Stuttgart. Two years later he was appointed professor of theology at Tübingen. Thoroughly trained in Old Testament learning and the Church Fathers he possessed in addition no mean knowledge of natural science and mathematics and added to his wide attainments the charm of a pious, pacific, and thoroughl- unselfish character. Keeping aloof as far as possible from theological controversy he found his true mission in a devotion to his academic duties which gained him the love and remembrance of many of his pupils, among them the astronomer Kepler, Johann Valentin AndreA, and W. Shickard. Noteworthy as casting light on the rectitude of his orthodoxy as well as,the versatility of his interests is his correspondence with Kepler, who was accustomed to send his writings to Hafenreffer, his "dearest of preceptors," and invited him to act as arbitrator in his dispute with the church authorities at-Linz. Hafenreffer is best known for his Loci Theologici, a handbook of theological science composed at the request of Duke Frederick of Württemberg, published at Tübingen in 1600 and issued in revised form in 1603. It is marked by a simplicity and

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attractiveness of presentation which, in connection with its undoubted orthodoxy, rendered it a popular text-book, not only at Tübingen where it was used throughout the seventeenth century, but in the Swedish universities where it was made the official text-book in 1612. Still more admired by Hafenreffer's contemporaries was his Templum Ezechielis (1613), a commentary on Ezechiel xl.xiviii., with a detailed description of the temple at Jerusalem accompanied by meditations on the principal features of the Christian religion and learned dissertations on the coinage, weights, and measures of the Old Testament.

(Johannes Kunze.)

Bibliography: Sources for a life are the Leichenrede by L. Osiander, Tübingen, 1620, and the Amicdtios monumentum of T. Lansius, ib. 1620. On his writings consult: W. Gass, Geschichte der protastantiachsn Dogmaak, i. 250, Berlin, 1864; G. Frank, Geschichte der protestantisdhen Theologie, i. 250. On his part in the Tübingen-Giessen controversy consult J. G. Walch, Religionastredtipkeiten der luderischen %irde. iv. 560-561, b vols., Jena, 1733-36.