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50. Message About Babylon

¹ This is the word the LORD spoke through Jeremiah the prophet concerning Babylon and the land of the Babylonians Or Chaldeans; also in verses 8, 25, 35 and 45:

    ² “Announce and proclaim among the nations,
   lift up a banner and proclaim it;
   keep nothing back, but say,
‘Babylon will be captured;
   Bel will be put to shame,
   Marduk filled with terror.
Her images will be put to shame
   and her idols filled with terror.’
³ A nation from the north will attack her
   and lay waste her land.
No one will live in it;
   both people and animals will flee away.

    ⁴ “In those days, at that time,”
   declares the LORD,
“the people of Israel and the people of Judah together
   will go in tears to seek the LORD their God.
⁵ They will ask the way to Zion
   and turn their faces toward it.
They will come and bind themselves to the LORD
   in an everlasting covenant
   that will not be forgotten.

    ⁶ “My people have been lost sheep;
   their shepherds have led them astray
   and caused them to roam on the mountains.
They wandered over mountain and hill
   and forgot their own resting place.
⁷ Whoever found them devoured them;
   their enemies said, ‘We are not guilty,
for they sinned against the LORD, their verdant pasture,
   the LORD, the hope of their ancestors.’

    ⁸ “Flee out of Babylon;
   leave the land of the Babylonians,
   and be like the goats that lead the flock.
⁹ For I will stir up and bring against Babylon
   an alliance of great nations from the land of the north.
They will take up their positions against her,
   and from the north she will be captured.
Their arrows will be like skilled warriors
   who do not return empty-handed.
¹⁰ So Babylonia Or Chaldea will be plundered;
   all who plunder her will have their fill,” declares the LORD.

    ¹¹ “Because you rejoice and are glad,
   you who pillage my inheritance,
because you frolic like a heifer threshing grain
   and neigh like stallions,
¹² your mother will be greatly ashamed;
   she who gave you birth will be disgraced.
She will be the least of the nations—
   a wilderness, a dry land, a desert.
¹³ Because of the LORD’s anger she will not be inhabited
   but will be completely desolate.
All who pass Babylon will be appalled;
   they will scoff because of all her wounds.

    ¹⁴ “Take up your positions around Babylon,
   all you who draw the bow.
Shoot at her! Spare no arrows,
   for she has sinned against the LORD.
¹⁵ Shout against her on every side!
   She surrenders, her towers fall,
   her walls are torn down.
Since this is the vengeance of the LORD,
   take vengeance on her;
   do to her as she has done to others.
¹⁶ Cut off from Babylon the sower,
   and the reaper with his sickle at harvest.
Because of the sword of the oppressor
   let everyone return to their own people,
   let everyone flee to their own land.

    ¹⁷ “Israel is a scattered flock
   that lions have chased away.
The first to devour them
   was the king of Assyria;
the last to crush their bones
   was Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon.”

¹⁸ Therefore this is what the LORD Almighty, the God of Israel, says:

   “I will punish the king of Babylon and his land
   as I punished the king of Assyria.
¹⁹ But I will bring Israel back to their own pasture,
   and they will graze on Carmel and Bashan;
their appetite will be satisfied
   on the hills of Ephraim and Gilead.
²⁰ In those days, at that time,”
   declares the LORD,
“search will be made for Israel’s guilt,
   but there will be none,
and for the sins of Judah,
   but none will be found,
   for I will forgive the remnant I spare.

    ²¹ “Attack the land of Merathaim
   and those who live in Pekod.
Pursue, kill and completely destroy The Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the LORD, often by totally destroying them; also in verse 26. them,” declares the LORD.
   “Do everything I have commanded you.
²² The noise of battle is in the land,
   the noise of great destruction!
²³ How broken and shattered
   is the hammer of the whole earth!
How desolate is Babylon
   among the nations!
²⁴ I set a trap for you, Babylon,
   and you were caught before you knew it;
you were found and captured
   because you opposed the LORD.
²⁵ The LORD has opened his arsenal
   and brought out the weapons of his wrath,
for the Sovereign LORD Almighty has work to do
   in the land of the Babylonians.
²⁶ Come against her from afar.
   Break open her granaries;
   pile her up like heaps of grain.
Completely destroy her
   and leave her no remnant.
²⁷ Kill all her young bulls;
   let them go down to the slaughter!
Woe to them! For their day has come,
   the time for them to be punished.
²⁸ Listen to the fugitives and refugees from Babylon
   declaring in Zion
how the LORD our God has taken vengeance,
   vengeance for his temple.

    ²⁹ “Summon archers against Babylon,
   all those who draw the bow.
Encamp all around her;
   let no one escape.
Repay her for her deeds;
   do to her as she has done.
For she has defied the LORD,
   the Holy One of Israel.
³⁰ Therefore, her young men will fall in the streets;
   all her soldiers will be silenced in that day,” declares the LORD.
³¹ “See, I am against you, you arrogant one,”
   declares the Lord, the LORD Almighty,
“for your day has come,
   the time for you to be punished.
³² The arrogant one will stumble and fall
   and no one will help her up;
I will kindle a fire in her towns
   that will consume all who are around her.”

³³ This is what the LORD Almighty says:

   “The people of Israel are oppressed,
   and the people of Judah as well.
All their captors hold them fast,
   refusing to let them go.
³⁴ Yet their Redeemer is strong;
   the LORD Almighty is his name.
He will vigorously defend their cause
   so that he may bring rest to their land,
   but unrest to those who live in Babylon.

    ³⁵ “A sword against the Babylonians!”
   declares the LORD—
“against those who live in Babylon
   and against her officials and wise men!
³⁶ A sword against her false prophets!
   They will become fools.
A sword against her warriors!
   They will be filled with terror.
³⁷ A sword against her horses and chariots
   and all the foreigners in her ranks!
   They will become weaklings.
A sword against her treasures!
   They will be plundered.
³⁸ A drought on Or A sword against her waters!
   They will dry up.
For it is a land of idols,
   idols that will go mad with terror.

    ³⁹ “So desert creatures and hyenas will live there,
   and there the owl will dwell.
It will never again be inhabited
   or lived in from generation to generation.
⁴⁰ As I overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah
   along with their neighboring towns,” declares the LORD,
“so no one will live there;
   no people will dwell in it.

    ⁴¹ “Look! An army is coming from the north;
   a great nation and many kings
   are being stirred up from the ends of the earth.
⁴² They are armed with bows and spears;
   they are cruel and without mercy.
They sound like the roaring sea
   as they ride on their horses;
they come like men in battle formation
   to attack you, Daughter Babylon.
⁴³ The king of Babylon has heard reports about them,
   and his hands hang limp.
Anguish has gripped him,
   pain like that of a woman in labor.
⁴⁴ Like a lion coming up from Jordan’s thickets
   to a rich pastureland,
I will chase Babylon from its land in an instant.
   Who is the chosen one I will appoint for this?
Who is like me and who can challenge me?
   And what shepherd can stand against me?”

    ⁴⁵ Therefore, hear what the LORD has planned against Babylon,
   what he has purposed against the land of the Babylonians:
The young of the flock will be dragged away;
   their pasture will be appalled at their fate.
⁴⁶ At the sound of Babylon’s capture the earth will tremble;
   its cry will resound among the nations.

The Prophet confirms his previous doctrine, and uses an oath, for he had already spoken sufficiently at large of the destruction of Babylon, and his words might seem otherwise superfluous, because the subject had been explained with abundant clearness. But he introduces God here as making an oath, for the particles, “if not,” אם לא, am la, show the sentence to be elliptical; and we know that this form of swearing is common in Scripture. Then God swears, that the Babylonians were already given up to destruction, so that even the least of the flock would be superior to them.

But it is not without reason that the Prophet speaks here of the counsel of God and of his thoughts; for we know that men through their own vanity are held suspended or in doubt, so that they do not firmly acquiesce in God’s word, at least they vacillate so as to have no stability of faith. As, then, men think in themselves that possibly a thing may happen otherwise than according to the words of the prophets, Jeremiah does here meet such thoughts, and bids men to hear the counsel of God and his thoughts. It is, indeed, a mode of speaking transferred from men, when he speaks of the thoughts of God; for we know that God does not deliberate on what he is about to do, as the case is with men. But this manner of speaking so frequently occurs, that it ought to be familiar to us. However this may be, he intimates that God did not in vain announce terror when speaking of Babylon, but that the irrevocable decree was declared which God had formed. Hence he says, that he had already taken counsel, so that men need not deliberate any more, nor call into question his fixed decree, nor dispute concerning his thoughts. There is, then, no reason for men to revolve things in themselves, and to adopt different views; because events must be, he says, as I have predicted; God then has commanded me to announce this prophecy as brought forth from his counsel, which can by no means be changed. This is the reason why he mentions God’s counsel and thoughts.

He adds, If they shall not draw them forth; some read, “cast them out.” But סחב, sacheb, means to draw; and there is no doubt but that the Prophet denotes by this verb contempt and reproach; as carcasses are drawn through the mud, or a dead dog is drawn and cast into a river; so now, he says, Draw forth the Babylonians shall the least of the flock But how can these things agree together, that there was to be the choicest leader, and that yet the least of the flock would be the conquerors? God intimates, that though he would endow Cyrus with warlike valor, yet if it pleased him, there would be means by which he could destroy the Babylonians, were he to send sheep or lambs as their enemies. He means, in a word, that the Babylonians would be unwarlike, when God deprived them of their courage.

If they will not upset over them their tabernacle Some read as though the verb were שום, shum, “If they will not set,” etc.; others derive the word from ישם, ishem; but it comes rather from שמם, shemem; If, then, they will not upset over them their tabernacle, that is, when the Babylonians shall be laid prostrate, even their houses shall fall and overwhelm them. In short, God sets forth here a final ruin, from which the Babylonians could never be restored; for it is an evidence of hopeless despair, when houses are upset, so that their masters are buried in their ruins. It follows, —