QUADRILATERAL: A name giveh to four articles, adopted as a basis of Christian union by the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church at Chicago in 1886 and by the Lambeth Conference in 1888. See FUNDAMENTAL DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY, II., § 11; LAMBETH CONFERENCE.
QUAKERS. See FRIENDS.
QUARLES, cworlz: Name of writers of sacred poetry.
1. Francis Quarles was born at the manor-house
of Stewards at Romford (12 m. n.e. of London)
May 8, 1592; d. at London Sept. 8, 1644. He was
educated at Christ Church, Cambridge (B.A., 1608),
studied law at Lincoln's Inn; was cup-bearer to
Princess Elizabeth on her marriage to the elector
palatine in 1613; became secretary to James
Ussher, archbishop of Armagh, Ireland, in 1629;
lived in retirement at Roxwell, Essex, 1633-39
and was chronologer to the city of London,
1639-1644, with residence in that city. He was a stanch
royalist and in the revolution his manuscripts were
destroyed. His first attempts at verse were
Biblical paraphrases such as A Feast of Wormes set
forth in a Poeme of the History of Jonah, published
with Hymne to God and Pentelogia (London, 1620),
Hadassa: History of Queen Esther (1621),
Job Militant (1624), Sion's Elegies wept by Jeremie the
Prophet (1624), Sion's Sonnets sung by Solomon
the King (1625), and Historie of Samson (1631);
all of which were bound together with an
Alphabet of Elegies (1625) in one volume entitled Divine
Poems (London, 1633 and often). The work which
won him immediate and phenomenal popularity
was Emblemes (1635, 1634); it was issued in
five books, the forty-five prints in the last three of
which, as well as the verses either translated or
BIBLIOGRAPHY: A. W. Zumpt, Commentatianum epipraphicarum ad antaquitales Romanas perlinentium, vol. ii., Berlin, 1854; idem, Daa Geburlsjahr Christi, Leipsic, 1869; T. Mommsen, Rea geslm dirt Auguati, Berlin, 1865; Bour, L'Inacription de Quirtniua d le recenaemen6 de St. Luc, Rome, 1897; W. M. Ramsay, Was Christ Born at Bethlehem? London and New York, 1898; Schurer, Geschichte, i. 322-324, 510-543, Eng. transl., I., i. 351-354, et passim (consult Index); Vigouroux, Dictionnaire, vol. ii., col 1186; DB, iv. 183; EB, iv. 3994-96; DOG, ii. 463 464. An extensive bibliography of the subject is in Scharer, Germ. ed., i. 508-509; good references are also given in Thayer's Greek-English Lezicon, p. 365, New York, 1889. For the Tivoli and Venice inscriptions, con sult T. Mommsen in Ephemeris Epipraphica, iv. 538; Ramsay, ut sup., pp 273-274; Scharer, Geschichte, i. 324-325, Eng. transl., I., i. 355.