archbishopric of Magdeburg. Its existence, however, practically terminated with the great Wendish uprising of 983, when the town of Havelberg was taken by storm. Bishops of Havelberg continued to be named, but they remained far from their diocese, where the old heathenism prevailed. In 1140 the northern part of the see was annexed to the diocese newly formed for Pomerania (see KAMMIN, BI8HOPRIC OF). In 1129 St. Norbert, founder of the Premonatratensians, undertook the restoration of the diocese. He obtained the appointment of his pupil, Anselm, who established a cathedral chapter in 1144, and, when a large part of the pagan inhabitants were exterminated by the crusade against the Wends in 1147, colonized the depopulated districts from the Netherlands. Most of the bishops of the later time were Premonstratensians, frequently elected, from the thirteenth century on, under the influence of the margraves of Brandenburg. The last bishop, Busso II. (d. 1548), labored unsuccessfully to withstand the inroads of the Reformation, and at his death the elector assigned the territory to his sons as administrators and completed its secularization.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: A. F. Riedel, Codex diplomatieua Brandenburgeneia, I., ii. 382 sqq., 6 vols., Berlin, 1838-58; L. Giesebrecht, Wendische Geschichten, Berlin, 1843; Hauck, %D, iii. 102 eqq., et passim.
HAVELOCK, SIR HENRY: English general; b. at Bishop Wearmouth (12 m. n. e. of Durham) Apr. 5, 1795; d. at Lucknow, India, Nov. 24, 1857. He was educated at the Charterhouse, London, and entered the Middle Temple in 1813 as the pupil of Joseph Chitty. In 1815 he entered the army as second lieutenant, and after eight years of service in Great Britain went to India in 1823. During the voyage he experienced strong religious conviction, and determined to lead a Christian life. Through out his long and distinguished military career in India it was his custom to call his men together for frequent devotional services. He took an active interest in missions, and joined the Baptist Church. He served in the war against Burma 1824-26, in the first Afghan war, 1838-12, in the first Sikh war, 1845-46, commanded a division of the army that invaded Persia in 1856, and particularly distin guished himself during the Indian Mutiny of 1857. By a series of brilliant victories he made himself the " hero of Lucknow "; but five days after the relief of the city he died of dysentery, brought on by overexertion. Before the news of his death had been received in England he was created major general and baronet, and by Parliament granted a pension of a thousand pounds. He published Mem oir o f Three Campaigns (Serampore, 1828); and Narrative o f the War in Afghanistan (2 vols., London, 1840).BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. P. Grant, The Christian Soldier. Memorials of Major-General Sir H. Havelock, London, 1858; W. Brook, Biographical Sketch of Sir Henry Havelock, ib. 1864; J. C. Marshman, Memoirs of Major-General Sir Henry Havelock, ib. 1887; A. Forbes, Havelock, ib. 1890; DNB, xxv. 174-179; and books dealing with the history of Inia, especially with the Mutiny.
HAVEN, ERASTUS OTIS: Methodist Episcopalian; b. in Boston, Mass., Nov. 1, 1820; d. at Salem, Ore., Aug. 2, 1881. He studied at the Wesleyan
University, Middletown, Conn. (B.A., 1842), taught for a number of years, then joined the New York Conference in 1848. He was successively pastor of the Twenty-fourth (now Thirtieth) Street Church (1848-49), of the Red Hook Mission (1850-51), and of the Mulberry Street (now St. Paul's) Church (1852). In 1853 he was elected to the chair of Latin in the University of Michigan, and the following year he was transferred to the chair of English language, literature, and history. From 1856 to 1863 he was editor of Zion's Herald, Boston. He was a member of the Massachusetts State Board of Education 1858-63, a member of the State Senate 1862-63, and for a time one of .the overseers of Harvard. In 1863 he was elected president of the University of Michigan, and in 1869 became president of Northwestern University. He resigned this post in 1872, after having been elected by the General Conference of that year corresponding secretary of the Board of Education of the Methodist Episcopal Church. From 1874 to 1880 he was chancellor of Syracuse University. In 1879 he was sent to Great Britain as a delegate of the Methodist Episcopal Church to the parent Wesleyan body. In 1880 he was elected bishop. He contributed largely to the periodical press, and published several books, of which the best known are: The Young Man Advised (New York, 1855); The Pillars of Truth (1866); and a work on Rhetoric (1869).
BIBLIOGRAPHY: His Autobiography appeared New York, 1883.
HAVEN, GILBERT: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Malden, Mass., Sept. 19, 1821; d. there Jan. 3, 1880. After his graduation at Wesleyan University in 1846 he taught for several years at the Amenia Seminary, Dutchess county, N. Y. In 1851 he joined the New England Conference, and thereupon preached for two years each at Northampton, Wilbraham, Westfield, Roxbury, and Cambridge. In 1861 he was commissioned chaplain of the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment, but resigned after three months on account of ill health. After spending a year in Europe he resumed his ministerial work as pastor of the North Russell Street Church, Boston. In 1867 he became editor of Zion's Herald, Boston, a post that he filled for the next five years. On May 24, 1872, he was elected bishop. He made Atlanta his official residence, but traveled extensively throughout the country. In the interest of missions he visited Mexico in 1873 and Liberia in 1876. He was active in the educational work of the denomination, particularly among the freedmen of the South, and by his wise counsels and liberal gifts contributed largely to the success of Clark University, at Atlanta. His more important works are: The Pilgrim's Wallet (Boston, 1865), sketches of travels in Europe; National Sermons (1869); Life o f Father Taylor (New York, 1871); and Our Next-Door Neighbor (1875), sketches of Mexico.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: G. Prentiss, Life of Gilbert Haven, New York, 1883; E. Wentworth,,Gilbert Haven, ib. 1880.
HAVERGAL, FRANCES RIDLEY: English hymnwriter; b. at Astley (9 m. n.w. of Worcester),
Worcestershire, Dec. 14, 1836; d. near Swansea,South Wales, June 3, 1879. She was a daughter of the Rev. W. H. Havergal, for many years rector of