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Fabrics Mccleeiea Fagnani THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG icalism, as was shown by his Mua Mazedonien (Elberfeld, 1877).

The political events of 1866 presented unexpected ecclesiastical problems to Pruesi: · which Fabri sought to solve in his Die polittschen Breignisse des Summers 1888 (Barmen, 1866), a work followed by his Die politische Lage and die Zukunft der evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland (1867), Die Unionsund Verfassungsfrage (1867), Staat and Kirche (1872), and Kirchenpolitischm Credo (1872). In Jan., 1871, he was summoned to Strasburg on account of the ecclesiastical situation which had arisen there, and he gladly obeyed, successfully seeking to secure independence for the Evangelical Church of Alsace-Lorraine- In the same spirit he later wrote: Wig toeitert Kirchenpolit'ische Betraehtungen zum Ends des Ktdturkampfes (Goths, 1887 ).

By his Bedarf Deutschland der Kolon'ent (1879) Fabri gave the first impulse to the colonial movement in Germany, proposing the foundation of agricultural and mercantile colonies. A number of associations were accordingly formed, and the course of events proved the wisdom of his counsels, of which his last work, Funf Jahre deutscher Kolonialpolitik (1889), gave a final survey. On Oct. 2, 1889 he was appointed honorary professor in the Evangelical theological faculty of Bonn.

(E. SACHBSE.) BIBLIoaaAPBY: Sources for a life are the Akten der r niaclwn Missionveaellschat in Barnsen; L. von Rohden Qeachiehte der rheronieden MisaionepeseiiadaA Barmen, 1858: and the Nachrufe in Derichte der rkainieden M' eionageeelledhaft for 1891, p. 260, appearing in AUPesaes Misaionazaitachrifk 1891, p. 477. FABRICA ECCLESM: Literally "a church building," but used as the technical name of that portion of the funds appropriated for the main tenance of the building. At first a part of the gen eral revenue was set aside for this purpose, but later this was kept up only in case of cathedrals and collegiate churches, where a special magister or procurator fabricta had charge of the fund. The difficulty, however, of obtaining the means neces sary to maintain church buildings led to the forma tion of special fabric-funds in ordinary parishes, which became the object of many rules and regula tions according to custom and local law. The pro vision of church utensils and the requirements of divine service, y the lighting, were also in cluded. There was no general regulation as to how the fund should be provided; usually it was made up from oblations, tithes, burial-fees, and the like. The fabric-funds. have had special importance in France and the adjoining German lands on the left bank of the Rhine, where they were allowed to con tinue when the church property was confiscated (de cree of Apr. 22, 1790) and have occasioned much subsequent legislation. See CHURCH-BUHnlNa, TAXATION lroR. FABRICIUS, fa brish'i-vs, JOHANN: German theologian; b. at Altorf (13 m. e.n.e. of Nuremberg) Feb. 11, 1644; d. at K6nigslutter (9 m. w.n.w. of Helmstadt) Jan. 29, 1729. He studied theology at Helmstadt (1663-65), and then traveled extensively, especially in Italy, where he was preacher to a con-

gregation of Evangelical merchants at Venice. In 1677 he accepted a call to a professorship at Alto

but twenty years later went in the same capacity to Helmetadt, where he became abbot of KSnigslutter in 1701 and counselor of the consistory in 1703. His specialty was comparative symbolics, and to this was devoted his most important work, Conaideratio variorum controroeraiarum (Aelmetadt, 1704). 1n this book, however, he displayed a latitudinarianiam which exposed him to severe criticism; and his position became still more difficult when he pronounced a formal opinion, prepared at the request of Duke Aston Ulrich and based on elaborate arguments, that the Princess Elizabeth Christine might conscientiously become a convert to the Roman Catholic faith to wed the King of Spain. This brought upon him a storm of opposition from the court-chaplains, but their arguments were refuted and they were deposed, while Fabricius and the duke were supported, on the whole, by the ruling of the theological faculty of Helmatadt and a number of other scholars. He then finally suc-

ceeded in overcoming the religious scruples of the princess, and her conversion took place at Bamberg on May 1, 1707. In the previous year he had published anonymously a pamphlet entitled Ertirterte Frage Hewn Fabricia, dasa zwischzn der av98 burgischen Konfession and katholischen Relioon

kein aonder'licher Unterachied sei (Helmstadt [e], 1706). Throughout the Protestant world, and especially. in England and Holland, the most violent indignation was excited, and the elector of

Hanover, moved by his hopes of gaining the English crown, obliged Aston Ulrich to deprive Fabri-

h tins of his professorship. He accordingly resigned t in 1709, but remained abbot of KtSnigslutter, and

occupied the closing years of his life in beautifying his estate and preparing his Historic bibliothecte Fobyriciance (6 vole., Wolfenbiittel, 1717-24).

Brsrroasersr: Sources for a life are found in his own work last mentioned above. The subject is treated in the Geachichta der Dopnwtiac by W. Gals, ii. 183, Berlin, 1857, and in G. Frank's (3eachichte der Theoto0oe. 1'· 226' Leap sic, 1885. Consult also J. Beets. aeschichte der braunechweigierlur, Landeakircha. pp. 3WW· WolfenbVttel,

1889.

FABRICIUS, JOHANN ALBERT: German theologian and bibliographer; b. at Leipsic Nov. 11, 1668; d. at Hamburg Apr. 3, 1736. He studied theology, philology, philosophy, and medicine in Leipsic, and in 1693 removed to Hamburg, where he assisted Johann Friedrich Mayer, the chief pastor of the city. Six years later he was appointed professor of ethics and rhetoric at the gymnasium, and from 1708 to 1711 was also rector of the Johanneu>p. He possessed a library of some 32,000 volumes, and was an extremely prolific writer. Several of his works are still unsuperseded. Among his bibliographical writings special mention may be made of the following: BibliatheCa latina (Hamburg, 1697; best edition

by J. A. Ernesti, 3 vole., Leipsic, 1773-74); Bibli.otheca grceca (14 vole., Hamburg, 1705-28; best edition, though incomplete, by G. C. Harless, 12 vole., 1790-1809); Bibliographia antaquar'la (1713);