educated at Yale College (B.A., 1878) and Andover Theological Seminary (1883). He was instructor in Phillips Andover Academy 1878-80, and was ordained in 1883. He was missionary in China. for seven years, and from 1892 to 1895 was instructor and later superintendent of the School for Christian Workers, Springfield, Mass. He was appointed educational secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions in 1895, and held this position until 1906, when he was chosen professor of the theory and practise of missions in the Yale Divinity School. He has been a corporate member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions since 1895 and of the cooperating committee of the same organization since 1906, as well as chairman of the exhibit committee and executive committee of the Ecumenical Conference in 1900, member of the Bureau of Missions Trustees since 1901, member of the executive committee of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society since 1903, member of the advisory board of Canton Christian College and trustee of the Hartford School of Religious Pedagogy since 1905. In theology he is a moderate conservative. He has written The Cross in the Land of the Trident (New York, 1895); Knights of the Labarum (1896); New Testament Studies in Missions (1898); Dawn on the Hills of Tang : or, Missions in China (1898); Protestant Missions in South America (1900); Geography and Atlas of Protestant Miscuons (2 vole., 1901-03); Two Hundred Years of Christian Activity in Yale (New Haven, 1902); Princely Men of the Heavenly Kingdom (New York, 1903); and India and Christian Opportunity (1904).
BEARD, CHARLES: English Unitarian; b. at Higher Broughton, Manchester, July 27, 1827, son of John Relly Beard, ales a well-known Uni tarian minister and educator (b. 1800; d. 1876); d. at Liverpool Apr. 9,.1888. He studied at Man chester New College 1843-48, was graduated B.A. at London University 1847, and continued his studies at Berlin 18489; became assistant min ister at Hyde Chapel, Gee Crone, Cheshire, 1850, minister 1854, minister at Renshaw Street Chapel, Liverpool, 1867. From 1864.to 1879 he edited The Theological Review. Besides sermons, addresses, etc., he published Port Royal, a Contribution to the History o f Religion and Literature in France (2 vole., London, 18G1); The Reformation in its Relation to Modern Thought (Iiibbert lectures for 1883); and Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany until the Close of the Diet of Worms (ed. J. F. Smith, 1889).BEARD, RICHARD: Cumberland Presbyterian; b. in Summer County, Tenn., Nov. 27, 1799; d, at Lebanon, Tenn., Nov. 6, 1880. He was licensed in 182(1; graduated at Cumberland College, Princeton, Ky., 1832, and was professor of Greek and Latin there 1832-38, and in Sharon College, Sharon, Mica., 1838-43; president of Cumberland College 1843-54; professor of systematic theology in Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenu., after 1854. He published the following books. Why am 1 a Cumberland Presbyterian? (Nashville, 1872); Lectures on The-
ology (3 vole., 1873-75); Brief Biographical .Sketches of Some of the Early Ministers of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (1874).
BEARDSLEE, CLARK SMITH: Congregationalist; b. at Coventry, N. Y., Feb. 1, 1850. He was educated at Amherst College (B.A., 1878), Hartford Theological Seminary (1879), and the University of Berlin. He was instructor in Hebrew at Hartford Theological Seminary from 1$78 to 1881, and then held successive pastorates at Le Mars, Ia. (1882-85), Prescott, Ariz. (1885-86), and West Springfield, Mass. (1886-88). In 1888 he was appointed associate professor of systematic theology at Hartford Theological Seminary, and four years later was made professor of Biblical dogmatics and ethics, a position which he still holds. In theology he is a Biblical Evangelical. He is the author of Christ's Estimate of Himself (Hartford, 1899); Teacher-Training with the Master Teacher (Philadelphia, 1903); and Jesus the King of Truth (Hartford, 1905).
BEATIFICATION: An intermediate stage in the process of canonization. It is in modern usage itself the result of a lengthy course of inquiry into the life of the person under consideration, and is solemnly declared in St. Peter's at Rome. By it the title of " Blessed " is attributed to the subject, and a limited and partial cultus of him permitted, as in a certain country or order. See CANONIZATION.
BEATIFIC VISION: The direct and unhindered vision of God, which is part of the reserved blessedness of the redeemed (I Cor. xiii, 12; I John iii, 2; Rev. axii, 3, 4 ). The conception of its nature moat necessarily be very vague, but belief in its existence is said to be founded upon Scripture and reason. The only question concerns its time. This has been much disputed. The Greek Church and many Protestants, especially Lutherans and Calvinists, put the vision after the judgment day (so Dr. Hodge, Systematic Theology, iii, 860). Aecording to the view prevalent among Roman Catholic theologians, the vision, though essentially complete before the resurrection, is not integrally so until the soul is reunited to the glorified body (consult H. Hurler, Theologise dogmaticcE compendium, vol. iii, De Deo consummatore, chap. v, 10th ed., Innsbruck, 1900).
BEATON, bf'tea (BETHUNE), be-than' or be-ttin', DAVID: Cardinal-archbishop of St. Andrews; b. 1494; assassinated at St. Andrews May 29,1546. He was the third son of John Beacon of Auchmuty, Fifeahire; studied at the universities of 9t. Andrews and Glasgow, and at the age of fifteen went to Paris and studied law; became abbot of Arbroath in 1523; bishop of Mirepoia in Languedoc 1537; cardinal Dec., 1538. He was made lord privy seal in 1528; succeeded his uncle, James Beaton, as archbishop of St. Andrews in 1539; was consecrated archbishop of Glasgow at Rome in 1552; became chancellor and prothonotary apostolic and legate a latere in 1543. He served his country in many important diplomatic missions.