LESSON IX -- Demonstrative Pronouns. Further Uses of a�t�v .

LESSON IX

Demonstrative Pronouns. Further Uses of a�t�v.

101. Vocabulary

�g�pj, � love.
�mart�a, � a sin, sin.
bapt�zw, I baptize.
did�skalov, �, a teacher.
�ke�nov, j, o, pron., that.
�paggel�a, � , a promise.
e�aggel�a, �, a gospel.
kr�nw, I judge. n�n, adv., now.
o�tov, a�tj, to�to, pron., this.
o�twv, adv., thus, so.
ponjr�v, �, �n, adj., evil.
pr�swpon, t�, a face.
car�, �, joy.

102. The declension of o�tov, this, is as follows:

Sing.				Plur.
	M.	F.	N.		M.	F.	N.
N.	o�tov	a�tj	to�to	N.	o�toi	a�tai	ta�ta
G.	to�tou	ta�tjv	to�tou	G.	to�twn	to�twn	to�twn
D.	to�t�	ta�t�	to�t�	D.	to�toiv	ta�taiv	to�toiv
A.	to�ton	ta�tjn	to�to	A.	to�touv	ta�tav	ta�ta

The puzzling variations between ou and au in the first syllable of this word may be fixed in the memory if it be observed that an o-vowel (in the diphthong ou) stands in the first syllable where an o-vowel (o or the long of it, w) stands in the second syllable, and an a-vowel (in the diphthong au) stands in the first syllable where an a-vowel (a or the closely related vowel j) stands in the second syllable.

103. The declension of �ke�nov, that, is like the declension of adjectives in -ov,-j,-on, except that �ke�no stands instead of �ke�non in the nominative and accusative singular neuter.

104. Use of o�tov and �ke�nov

1. o�tov and �ke�nov are frequently used with nouns. When they are so used, the noun with which they are used has the article, and they themselves stand in the predicate, not in the attributive, position (see � �68-74) .

Examples: This word, o�tov � l�gov or � l�gov o�tov ; that word, �ke�nov � l�gov or � l�gov �ke�nov ; I see this church, bl�pw ta�tjn t�n �kkljs�an (or t�n �kkljs�an ta�tjn ); these words, o�toi o� l�goi or � l�goi o�toi; those words, �ke�noi o� l�goi or o� l�goi �ke�noi ; this good word, o�tov � kal�v l�gov or � kal�v l�gov o�tov .

2. o�tov and �ke�nov are frequently used by themselves, without nouns.

Examples: o�tov , this man (or this person); a�tj , this woman; to�to, this thing; o�toi, these men.; a�tai, these women; ta�ta, these things.

105. Further Uses of a�t�v.

In addition to its use as a personal pronoun of the third person, a�t�v is also used as follows:

1. It has an intensive use with nouns. When so used it stands in the predicate position.

Examples: a�t�v � �p�stolov or � �p�stolov a�t�v, the apostle himself; a�t� � �kkljs�a or � �kkljs�a a�t�, the church itself; a�t� t� d�ron or t� d�ron a�t�, the gift itself.

2. It is often used with nouns to mean same. When so used it stands in the attributive position.

Examples: � a�t�v �p�stolov or � �p�stolov � a�t�v, the same apostle; � a�t� �kkljs�a or � �kkljs�a � a�t�, the same church, etc.

3. In its intensive use it often goes with pronouns or with the unexpressed subject of a verb.

Examples: a�t�v �g� l�gw or a�t�v l�gw, I myself say,

a�t�v s� l�geiv or a�t�v l�geiv, thou thyself sayest; a�t�v l�gei, he himself says; a�t� l�gei, she herself says; a�t� l�gei, it itself says; a�to� �me�v l�gomen or a�to� l�gomen, we ourselves say; a�to� l�gete, or a�to� l�gete, ye yourselves say; a�to� l�gousin, they themselves say.

106. The principal uses of adjectives and of the pronouns studied thus far may be reviewed as follows:

The good word = � kal�v l�gov.
or
� l�gov � kal�v.

The word is good = kal�v � l�gov.
or
� l�gov kal�v.

This word = o�tov � l�gov.
or
� l�gov o�tov.

That word = �ke�nov � l�gov.
or
� l�gov �ke�nov..

The word itself = a�t�v � l�gov.
or
� l�gov a�t�v.

The same word = � a�t�v l�gov.
or
� l�gov � a�t�v.

My word = � l�gov mou.

His word = � l�gov a�to�

I see him = bl�pw a�t�n

I see this man = bl�pw to�ton.

I see these things = bl�pw ta�ta.

55

107. Exercises

I. 1. o�toi o� did�skaloi kr�nousin a�t�n t�n �p�stolon. 2. � d� a�t�v did�skalov �cei t�n a�t�n car�n �n t� kard�� a�to�. 3. n�n lamb�nw a�t�v t� a�t� e�agg�lion �p� to� kur�ou mou. 4. o�tov bl�pei �ke�non ka� kr�nei a�t�n. 5. met� ta�ta �cete a�to� t�n �g�pjn to� kur�ou �n ta�v kard�aiv �m�n. 6. o�toi �cousi car�n, �ke�noi d� �cousin �mart�an. 7. a�tj d� �stin � fwn� to� kur�ou a�to�. 8. o�twv gin�skomen to�ton ka� bl�pomen t� pr�swpon a�to�. 9. lamb�nomen ta�ta t� d�ra �p� to� a�to� ka� bl�pomen a�t�n. 10. a�t�v bapt�zeiv �ke�non ka� e� �delf�v a�to�. 11. e�v t�n a�t�n �kkljs�an �gomen to�touv to�v didask�louv �m�n to�v �gaqo�v. 12. a�t�v �g� �cw ta�tjn t�n �paggel�an to� kur�ou mou. 13. a�tj bl�pei t� pr�swpon to� kur�ou a�t�v. 14. a�t� gin�skei a�t�n t�n �l�qeian. 15. �gaq� �stin � �paggel�a sou ka� �gaq� e� a�t�. 16. �ke�no� e�sin maqjta� to� a�to� didask�lou. 17. o�t�v �stin did�skalov �ke�nou, �ke�nov d� to�tou. 18. o�tov did�skei to�v �gaqo�v ka� a�t�v �stin �gaq�v. 19. met� t�v �m�rav �ke�nav did�skalo� �smen to�twn t�n do�lwn. 20. met� t�n pist�n �comen �paggel�av �gaq�v, o� d� ponjro� bl�pousin �m�rav kak�v.

II. 1. These churches know the Lord Himself. 2. The same disciples know Him and see His face. 3. Those teachers judge the same churches and lead them into the same joy. 4. We ourselves have this sin in our hearts. 5. This is the love of our God. 6. These are the faithful churches of our Lord. 7. The apostle himself baptizes his brothers and leads them to thee. 8. Through this gospel we have life. 9. On account of these teachers we see death. 10. He Himself knows us and from Him we receive this promise. 11. On account of the same gospel we ourselves send these apostles to you. 12. Into this world he sends the Lord Himself.

56
13. I see this man and the brethren see him. 14. Now we are baptizing those disciples of our Lord and are sending the same disciples into the desert. 15. My disciples know my voice and bring these things to me. 16. Through these things we bring the same gospel into the same world. 17. We are disciples of the Lord, but ye are disciples of the evil one. 18. This sin leads our children into death. 19. The sins of these churches are leading other men into the same sins. 20. His disciples have this sin in their hearts and are teaching men so. 21. I know the sins of the disciples and the disciples themselves.

The good word	=	� kal�v l�gov. or � l�gov � kal�v.

The word is good	=	kal�v � l�gov. or � l�gov kal�v.

This word	=	o�tov � l�gov. or � l�gov o�tov.

That word	=	�ke�nov � l�gov. or � l�gov �ke�nov..

The word itself	=	a�t�v � l�gov. or � l�gov a�t�v.

The same word	=	� a�t�v l�gov. or � l�gov � a�t�v.

My word	=	� l�gov mou.
His word	=	� l�gov a�to�
I see him	=	bl�pw a�t�n
I see this man	=	bl�pw to�ton.
I see these things	=	bl�pw ta�ta.