Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches.

The Westminster Confession of Faith, A.D. 1647.…

Confessio Fidei Westmonasteriensis.

The changes of the American revision, which occur chiefly in Ch. XXIII., relating to the Civil Magistrate, and in Ch. XXXI., relating to Synods and Councils, are inserted in their proper places, and marked by italics. Minor changes are indicated in footnotes.

The Latin translation of the Westminster Confession and Catechisms by G. D. (see Preface) appeared first at Cambridge, 1656 (also 1659); at Edinburgh, 1694, etc.; and at Glasgow, 1660), under the title, 'Confessio Fidei | in Conventu theologorum authoritate | Parliamenti Anglicani indicto | Elaborata; | eidem Parliamento postmodum | Exhibita; | Quin et ab eodem, deindeque ab Ecclesia Scoticana | Cognita et Approbata; | und cum | Catechismo | duplici, Majori, Minorique; | E Sermone Anglicano summa cum fide | in Litinum versa. Cantabrigiæ: excudebat Johannes Field, celeberrimæ Academiæ typographus.']

Confession of Faith.	Confessio Fidei.
Chapter I.	Cap. I.
Of the Holy Scripture.	De Scriptura Sacrosancta.
I. Although the light of nature, and the works of creation and providence, do so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men inexcusable;⁸⁴⁶⁸⁴⁶ Rom. ii. 14, 15; i. 19, 20; Psa. xix. 1–3; Rom. i. 32; ii. 1. yet are they not sufficient to give that knowledge of God, and of his will, which is necessary unto salvation;⁸⁴⁷⁸⁴⁷ 1 Cor. i. 21; ii. 13, 14. therefore it pleased the Lord, at sundry times, and in divers manners, to reveal himself, and to declare that his will unto his Church;⁸⁴⁸⁸⁴⁸ Hebrews 1:1. and afterwards, for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the Church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice	I. Quanquam naturæ lumen, operaque Dei cum Creationis tum Providentiæ, bonitatem ejus, sapientiam, potentiamque eo usque manifestant, ut homines vel inde reddantur inexcusabiles:⁸⁴⁹⁸⁴⁹ Rom. ii. 14, 15; i. 19, 20; Psa. xix. 1–3; Rom. i. 32; ii. 1. eam tamen Dei, voluntatisque divinæ cognitionem, quæ porro est ad salutem necessaria, nequeunt nobis ingenerare.⁸⁵⁰⁸⁵⁰ 1 Cor. i. 21; ii. 13, 14. Quocirca Domino complacitum est, variis quidem modis vicibusque Ecclesiæ suæ semetipsum revelare, suamque hanc voluntatem patefacere;⁸⁵¹⁸⁵¹ Hebrews 1:1. sed et eandem omnem postea literis consignare, quo et veritati suæ tam conservandæ quam propagandæ melius consuleret, nec Ecclesia sua contra carnis corruptelam, contra malitiam mundi

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of Satan and of the world, to commit the same wholly unto writing;⁸⁵²⁸⁵² Prov. xxii. 19–21; Luke i. 3, 4; Rom. xv. 4; Matt. iv. 4, 7, 10; Isa. viii. 19, 20. which maketh the holy Scripture to be most necessary;⁸⁵³⁸⁵³ 2 Tim. iii. 15; 2 Pet. i. 19. those former ways of God's revealing his will unto his people being now ceased.⁸⁵⁴⁸⁵⁴ Heb. i. 1, 2.	Satanæque, præsidio foret ac solatio destituta.⁸⁵⁵⁸⁵⁵ Prov. xxii. 19–21; Luke i. 3, 4; Rom. xv. 4; Matt. iv. 4, 7, 10; Isa. viii. 19, 20. Unde factum est, ut, postquam pristini illi modi, quibus olim populo suo Deus voluntatem suam revelabat, jam desiverint,⁸⁵⁶⁸⁵⁶ 2 Tim. iii. 15; 2 Pet. i. 19. Scriptura Sacra sit maxime necessaria.⁸⁵⁷⁸⁵⁷ Heb. i. 1, 2.
II. Under the name of holy Scripture, or the Word of God written, are now contained all the Books of the Old and New Testament, which are these:	II. Sacræ Scripturæ, nomine, seu Verbi Dei scripti continentur hodie omnes illi libri tam Veteris quam Novi Instrumenti,⁸⁵⁸⁸⁵⁸[So the Cambridge eds. of 1656 and 1659. The Edinb. ed. reads Testamenti.] nempe quorum inferius subsequuntur nomina.

Of the Old Testament.		Veteris Testamenti.
Genesis.	Ecclesiastes.	Genesis.	Ecclesiastes.
Exodus.	The Song of Songs.	Exodus.	Canticum Canticorum.
Leviticus.	Isaiah.	Leviticus.	Isaias.
Numbers.	Jeremiah.	Numeri.	Jeremias.
Deuteronomy.	Lamentations.	Deuteronomium.	Lamentationes.
Joshua.	Ezekiel.	Josua.	Ezechiel.
Judges.	Daniel.	Judices.	Daniel.
Ruth.	Hosea.	Ruth.	Hosea.
I. Samuel.	Joel.	Samuelis 1.	Joel.
II. Samuel.	Amos.	Samuelis 2.	Amos.
I. Kings.	Obadiah.	Regum 1.	Obadias.
II. Kings.	Jonah.	Regum 2.	Jonas.
I. Chronicles.	Micah.	Chronicorum 1.	Micheas.
II. Chronicles.	Nahum.	Chronicorum 2.	Nahum.
Ezra.	Habakkuk.	Ezra.	Habucuc.
Nehemiah.	Zephaniah.	Nehemias.	Zephanias.
Esther.	Haggai.	Esther.	Haggæus.
Job.	Zechariah.	Job.	Zacharias.
Psalms.	Malachi.	Psalmi.	Malachias.
Proverbs.		Proverbia.
Of the New Testament.		Novi autem.
The Gospels according to		Evangelium secundem
Matthew,	Luke,	Matthæum,	Lucam,
Mark,	John.	Marcum,	Johannem.

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The Acts of the	To Timothy II.	Acta apostolorum.
Apostles.	To Titus.		Titum.
Paul's Epistles to the	To Philemon.	Pauli espistolæ ad	Philemonem.
Romans.	The Epistle to the	Romanos.	Epist. ad Hebræos.
Corinthians I.	Hebrews.	Corinthios I. II.
Corinthians II.	The Epistle of James.		Jacobi Epistola.
Galatians.	The First and Second	Galatas.	Petri Epist. I. II.
Ephesians.	Epistles of Peter.	Ephesios.
Philippians.	The First, Second, and	Philippenses.	Johan. Epist. I. II.
Colossians.	Third Epistles of	Collossenses.	III.
Thessalonians I.	John.	Thessalonicens I. II.
Thessalonians II.	The Epistle of Jude.		Judæ Epistola.
To Timothy I.	The Revelation.	Timotheum I. II.	Apocalypsis.

All which are given by inspiration of God, to be the rule of faith and life.⁸⁵⁹⁸⁵⁹ Luke xvi. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Rev. xxii. 18, 19; 2 Tim. iii. 16.	Qui omnes divina inspiratione dati sunt in Fidei vitæque regulam.⁸⁶⁰⁸⁶⁰ Luke xvi. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Rev. xxii. 18, 19; 2 Tim. iii. 16.
III. The books commonly called Apocrypha, not being of divine inspiration, are no part of the Canon of the Scripture; and therefore are of no authority in the Church of God, nor to be any otherwise approved, or made use of, than other human writings.⁸⁶¹⁸⁶¹ Luke xxiv. 27, 44; Rom. iii. 2; 2 Pet. i. 21.	III. Libri Apocryphi, vulgo dicti, quum non fuerint divinitus inspirati, Canonem Scripturæ nullatenus constituunt; proindeque nullam aliam authoritatem obtinere debent in Ecclesia Dei, nec aliter quam alia humana scripta, sunt aut approbandi aut adhibendi.⁸⁶²⁸⁶² Luke xxiv. 27, 44; Rom. iii. 2; 2 Pet. i. 21.
IV. The authority of the holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed and obeyed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man or church, but wholly upon God (who is truth itself), the Author thereof; and therefore it is to be received, because it is the Word of God.⁸⁶³⁸⁶³ 2 Pet. i. 19, 21; 2 Tim. iii. 16; 1 John v. 9; 1 Thess. ii. 13.	IV. Authoritas Scripturæ sacræ propter quam ei debetur fides et observantia, non ab ullius aut hominis aut Ecclesiæ pendet testimonio, sed a solo ejus authore Deo, qui est ipsa veritas: eoque est a nobis recipienda, quoniam est Verbum Dei.⁸⁶⁴⁸⁶⁴ 2 Pet. i. 19, 21; 2 Tim. iii. 16; 1 John v. 9; 1 Thess. ii. 13.
V. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the	V. Testimonium Ecclesiæ efficere quidem potest ut de Scriptura sacra

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Church to an high and reverent esteem of⁸⁶⁵⁸⁶⁵[Am. ed. for.] the holy Scripture;⁸⁶⁶⁸⁶⁶ 1 Tim. iii. 15. and the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, the many other incomparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God; yet, notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth, and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.⁸⁶⁷⁸⁶⁷ 1 John ii. 20, 27; John xvi. 13, 14; 1 Cor. ii. 10–12; Isa. lix. 21.

quam honorifice sentiamus;⁸⁶⁸⁸⁶⁸ 1 Tim. iii. 15. materies insuper ejus cœlestis, doctrinæ vis et efficacia, styli majestas, partium omnium consensus, totiusque scopus (ut Deo nempe omnis gloria tribuatur), plena denique quam exhibet unicæ ad salutem viæ commonstratio, præter alias ejus virtutes incomparabiles, et perfectionem summam, argumenta sunt quibus abunde se Verbum Dei et luculenter probat; nihilominus tamen plena persuasio et certitudo de ejus tam infallibili veritate, quam authoritate divina non aliunde nascitur quam ab interna operatione Spiritus Sancti, per verbum et cum verbo ipso in cordibus nostris testificantis.⁸⁶⁹⁸⁶⁹ 1 John ii. 20, 27; John xvi. 13, 14; 1 Cor. ii. 10–12; Isa. lix. 21.

VI. The whole counsel of God, concerning all things necessary for his own glory, man's salvation, faith, and life, is either expressly set down in Scripture, or by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from Scripture: unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelations of the Spirit, or traditions of men.⁸⁷⁰⁸⁷⁰ 2 Tim. iii. 15–17; Gal. i. 8, 9; 2 Thess. ii. 2. Nevertheless we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving

VI. Consilium Dei universum de omnibus quæ ad suam ipsius gloriam, quæque ad hominum salutem, fidem, vitamque sunt necessaria, aut expresse in Scriptura continetur, aut consequentia bona et necessaria derivari potest a Scriptura; cui nihil deinceps addendum est, seu novis a spiritu revelationibus, sive traditionibus hominum.⁸⁷¹⁸⁷¹ 2 Tim. iii. 15–17; Gal. i. 8, 9; 2 Thess. ii. 2. Internam nihilominus illuminationem Spiritus Dei ad salutarem eorum perceptionem, quæ in Verbo Dei

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understanding of such things as are revealed in the Word;⁸⁷²⁸⁷² John vi. 45; 1 Cor. ii. 9, 10, 12. and that there are some circumstances concerning the worship of God, and government of the Church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature and Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the Word, which are always to be observed.⁸⁷³⁸⁷³ 1 Cor. xi. 13, 14; xiv. 26, 40.	revelantur, agnoscimus esse necessariam:⁸⁷⁴⁸⁷⁴ John vi. 45; 1 Cor. ii. 9, 10, 12. quin etiam nonnullas esse circumstantias cultum Dei spectantes et Ecclesiæ regimen, iis cum humanis actionibus et societatibus communes, quæ naturali lumine ac prudentia Christiana secundum generales verbi regulas (perpetuo quidem illas observandas) sunt regulandæ.⁸⁷⁵⁸⁷⁵ 1 Cor. xi. 13, 14; xiv. 26, 40.
VII. All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear unto all;⁸⁷⁶⁸⁷⁶ 2 Pet. iii. 16. yet those things which are necessary to be known, believed, and observed, for salvation, are so clearly propounded and opened in some place of Scripture or other, that not only the learned, but the unlearned, in a due use of the ordinary means, may attain unto a sufficient understanding of them.⁸⁷⁷⁸⁷⁷ Psa. cxix. 105, 130.	VII. Quæ in Scriptura continentur non sunt omnia æque aut in se perspicua, aut omnibus hominibus evidentia,⁸⁷⁸⁸⁷⁸ 2 Pet. iii. 16. ea tamen omnia quæ ad salutem necessaria sunt cognitu, creditu, observatu, adeo perspicue, alicubi saltem in Scriptura, proponuntur et explicantur, ut eorum non docti solum, verum indocti etiam ordinariorum debito usu mediorum, sufficientem assequi possint intelligentiam.⁸⁷⁹⁸⁷⁹ Psa. cxix. 105, 130.
VIII. The Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the native language of the people of God of old), and the New Testament in Greek (which at the time of the writing of it was most generally known to the nations), being immediately inspired by God, and by his singular care and providence kept pure in all ages, are therefore authentical;⁸⁸⁰⁸⁸⁰ Matt. v. 18. so as in all controversies	VIII. Instrumentum Vetus Hebræa lingua (antiqua Dei populo nempe vernacula) Novum autem Græca (ut quæ apud Gentes maxime omnium tunc temporis, quum scriberetur illud, obtinuerat), immediate a Deo inspirata, ejusque cura et Providentia singulari per omnia huc usque secula pura et intaminata custodita, ea propter sunt authentica.⁸⁸¹⁸⁸¹ Matt. v. 18. Adeo sane ut ad

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of religion the Church is finally to appeal unto them.⁸⁸²⁸⁸² Isa. viii. 20; Acts xv. 15; John v. 39, 46. But because these original tongues are not known to all the people of God who have right unto, and interest in the Scriptures, and are commanded, in the fear of God, to read and search them,⁸⁸³⁸⁸³ John v. 39. therefore they are to be translated into the vulgar language of every nation unto which they come,⁸⁸⁴⁸⁸⁴ 1 Cor. xiv. 6, 9,11, 12, 24, 27, 28. that the Word of God dwelling plentifully in all, they may worship him in an acceptable manner,⁸⁸⁵⁸⁸⁵ Col. iii. 16. and, through patience and comfort of the Scriptures, may have hope.⁸⁸⁶⁸⁸⁶ Rom. xv. 4.	illa ultimo in omnibus de religione controversiis Ecclesia debeat appellare.⁸⁸⁷⁸⁸⁷ Isa. viii. 20; Acts xv. 15; John v. 39, 46. Quoniam autem Originales istæ linguæ non sunt toti Dei populo intellectæ (Quorum tamen et jus est ut scripturas habeant, et interest plurimum, quique eas in timore Dei legere jubentur et perscrutari)⁸⁸⁸⁸⁸⁸ John v. 39. proinde sunt in vulgarem cujusque Gentis, ad quam pervenerint linguam transferendæ,⁸⁸⁹⁸⁸⁹ 1 Cor. xiv. 6, 9,11, 12, 24, 27, 28. ut omnes, verbo Dei opulenter in ipsis habitante, Deum grato acceptoque modo colant,⁸⁹⁰⁸⁹⁰ Col. iii. 16. et per patientiam ac consolationem Scripturarum spem habeant.⁸⁹¹⁸⁹¹ Rom. xv.4.
IX. The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself; and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sense of any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it must⁸⁹²⁸⁹²[Am. ed. may.] be searched and known by other places that speak more clearly.⁸⁹³⁸⁹³ 2 Pet. i. 20, 21; Acts xv. 15; [Am. John v. 46.]	IX. Infallibilis Scripturam interpretandi regula est Scriptura ipsa. Quoties igitur cunque oritur quæstio de. vero plenoque Scripturæ cujusvis sensu (unicus ille est non multiplex), ex aliis locis, qui apertius loquuntur, est indagandus et cognoscendus.⁸⁹⁴⁸⁹⁴ 2 Pet. i. 20, 21; Acts xv. 15; [Am. John v. 46.]
X. The Supreme Judge, by which all controversies of religion are to be determined, and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are to rest, can	X. Supremus judex, a quo omnes de religione controversiæ sunt determinandæ, omnia Conciliorum decreta, opiniones Scriptorum Veterum, doctrinæ denique hominum, et privati quicunque Spiritus sunt examinandi, cujusque sententia tenemur

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Chapter II.	Cap. II.
be no other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture.⁸⁹⁵⁸⁹⁵ Matt. xxii. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Acts xxviii. 25.	nemur acquiescere, nullus alius esse potest, præter Spiritum Sanctum in Scriptura pronunciantem.⁸⁹⁶⁸⁹⁶ Matt. xxii. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Acts xxviii. 25.
Of God, and of the Holy Trinity.	De Deo et Sacro-sancta Trinitate.
I. There is but one only⁸⁹⁷⁸⁹⁷ Deut. vi. 4; 1 Cor. viii. 4, 6. living and true God,⁸⁹⁸⁸⁹⁸ 1 Thess. i. 9; Jer. x. 10. who is infinite in being and perfection,⁸⁹⁹⁸⁹⁹ Job xi. 7, 8, 9; xxvi. 14. a most pure spirit,⁹⁰⁰⁹⁰⁰ John iv. 24. invisible,⁹⁰¹⁹⁰¹ 1 Tim. i. 17. without body, parts,⁹⁰²⁹⁰² Deut. iv. 15, 16; John iv. 24; Luke xxiv. 39. or passions,⁹⁰³⁹⁰³ Acts xiv. 11, 15. immutable,⁹⁰⁴⁹⁰⁴ James i. 17; Mal. iii. 6. immense,⁹⁰⁵⁹⁰⁵ 1 Kings viii. 27; Jer. xxiii. 23, 24. eternal,⁹⁰⁶⁹⁰⁶ Psa. xc. 2; 1 Tim. i. 17. incomprehensible,⁹⁰⁷⁹⁰⁷ Psa. cxlv. 3. almighty,⁹⁰⁸⁹⁰⁸ Gen. xvii. 1; Rev. iv. 8. most wise,⁹⁰⁹⁹⁰⁹ Rom. xvi. 27. most holy,⁹¹⁰⁹¹⁰ Isa. vi. 3; Rev. iv. 8. most free,⁹¹¹⁹¹¹ Psa. cxv. 3. most absolute,⁹¹²⁹¹² Exod. iii. 14. working all things according to the counsel of his own immutable and most righteous will,⁹¹³⁹¹³ Eph. i. 11. for his own glory;⁹¹⁴⁹¹⁴ Prov. xvi. 4; Rom. xi. 36; [Am. ed. Rev. iv. 11] . most loving,⁹¹⁵⁹¹⁵ 1 John iv. 8, 16. gracious, merciful, longsuffering, abundant in goodness and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin;⁹¹⁶⁹¹⁶ Exod. xxxiv. 6, 7. the rewarder of them that diligently seek him;⁹¹⁷⁹¹⁷ Heb. xi. 6. and withal most just and terrible in his judgments;⁹¹⁸⁹¹⁸ Neh. ix. 32, 33.	I. Unus est unicusque,⁹¹⁹⁹¹⁹ Deut. vi. 4; 1 Cor. viii. 4, 6. vivens ille et verus Deus:⁹²⁰⁹²⁰ 1 Thess. i. 9; Jer. x. 10. qui idem est essentia et perfectione infinitus,⁹²¹⁹²¹ Job xi. 7, 8, 9; xxvi. 14. Spiritus purissimus,⁹²²⁹²² John iv. 24. invisibilis,⁹²³⁹²³ 1 Tim. i. 17. sine corpore, sine partibus,⁹²⁴⁹²⁴ Deut. iv. 15, 16; John iv. 24; Luke xxiv. 39. sine passionibus,⁹²⁵⁹²⁵ Acts xiv. 11, 15. immutabilis,⁹²⁶⁹²⁶ James i. 17; Mal. iii. 6. immensus,⁹²⁷⁹²⁷ 1 Kings viii. 27; Jer. xxiii. 23, 24. æternus,⁹²⁸⁹²⁸ Psa. xc. 2; 1 Tim. i. 17. incomprehensibilis,⁹²⁹⁹²⁹ Psa. cxlv. 3. omnipotens,⁹³⁰⁹³⁰ Gen. xvii. 1; Rev. iv. 8. summe sapiens,⁹³¹⁹³¹ Rom. xvi. 27. summe sanctus,⁹³²⁹³² Isa. vi. 3; Rev. iv. 8. liberrimus,⁹³³⁹³³ Psa. cxv. 3. maxime absolutus;⁹³⁴⁹³⁴ Exod. iii. 14. operans omnia secundum consilium immutabilis suæ ac justissimæ voluntatis,⁹³⁵⁹³⁵ Eph. i. 11. ad suam ipsius gloriam;⁹³⁶⁹³⁶ Prov. xvi. 4; Rom. xi. 36; [Am. ed. Rev. iv. 11]. idemque summa benignitate,⁹³⁷⁹³⁷ 1 John iv. 8, 16. gratia, misericordia, et longanimitate; bonitate abundans et veritate; condonans iniquitatem, transgressionem et peccatum;⁹³⁸⁹³⁸ Exod. xxxiv. 6, 7. studiose quærentium ipsum remunerator;⁹³⁹⁹³⁹ Heb. xi. 6. sed et in judiciis suis justissimus idem ac tremendus maxime;⁹⁴⁰⁹⁴⁰ Neh. ix. 32, 33.

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hating all sin,⁹⁴¹⁹⁴¹ Psa. v. 5, 6. and who will by no means clear the guilty. .⁹⁴²⁹⁴² Nahum i. 2, 3; Exod. xxxiv. 7.	peccatum omne perosus,⁹⁴³⁹⁴³ Psa. v. 5, 6. et qui sontem nullo unquam absolvet modo.⁹⁴⁴⁹⁴⁴ Nahum i. 2, 3; Exod. xxxiv. 7.
II. God hath all life,⁹⁴⁵⁹⁴⁵ John v. 26. glory,⁹⁴⁶⁹⁴⁶ Acts vii. 2. goodness,⁹⁴⁷⁹⁴⁷ Psa. cxix. 68. blessedness,⁹⁴⁸⁹⁴⁸ 1 Tim. vi. 15; Rom. ix. 5. in and of himself; and is alone in and unto himself allsufficient, not standing in need of any creatures which he hath made,⁹⁴⁹⁹⁴⁹ Acts xvii. 24, 25. nor deriving any glory from them,⁹⁵⁰⁹⁵⁰ Job xxii. 2, 23. but only manifesting his own glory in, by, unto, and upon them: he is the alone foundation of all being, of whom, through whom, and to whom are all things;⁹⁵¹⁹⁵¹ Rom. xi. 36. and hath most sovereign dominion over them, to do by them, for them, or upon them whatsoever himself pleaseth.⁹⁵²⁹⁵² Rev. iv. 11; 1 Tim. vi. 15; Dan. iv. 25, 35. In his sight all things are open and manifest;⁹⁵³⁹⁵³ Heb. iv. 13. his knowledge is infinite, infallible, and independent upon the creature;⁹⁵⁴⁹⁵⁴ Rom. xi. 33, 34; Psa. cxlvii. 5. so as nothing is to him contingent or uncertain.⁹⁵⁵⁹⁵⁵ Acts 15:18; Ezeck. xi. 5. He is most holy in all his counsels, in all his works, and in all his commands.⁹⁵⁶⁹⁵⁶ Psa. cxlv. 17; Rom. vii. 12. To him is due from angels and men, and every other creature, whatsoever worship, service, or obedience, he is pleased to require of them.⁹⁵⁷⁹⁵⁷ Rev. v. 12–14.	II. Omnem vitam,⁹⁵⁸⁹⁵⁸ John v. 26. omnem gloriam,⁹⁵⁹⁹⁵⁹ Acts vii. 2. bonitatem,⁹⁶⁰⁹⁶⁰ Psa. cxix. 68. beatitudinemque⁹⁶¹⁹⁶¹ 1 Tim. vi. 15; Rom. ix. 5. omnem in sese habet et a seipso Deus; qui solus in se sibique est ad omnia sufficiens; creaturarum, quas ipse condidit, nullius egens,⁹⁶²⁹⁶² Acts xvii. 24, 25. nec gloriam ab eis derivans ullam,⁹⁶³⁹⁶³ Job xxii. 2, 23. verum in iis, per eas, iis ipsis, ac super eas propriam ipsius gloriam tantummodo manifestans. Is omnis entitatis fans est unicus, a quo, per quem et ad quem omnia;⁹⁶⁴⁹⁶⁴ Rom. xi. 36. summumque in ea dominium habet, ac per illa, pro illis, in illa pro suo arbitrio quidlibet agendi potestatem.⁹⁶⁵⁹⁶⁵ Rev. iv. 11; 1 Tim. vi. 15; Dan. iv. 25, 35. In conspectu ejus aperta sunt omnia ac manifesta;⁹⁶⁶⁹⁶⁶ Heb. iv. 13. scientia ejus infinita est, infallibilis, atque a creatura independens,⁹⁶⁷⁹⁶⁷ Rom. xi. 33, 34; Psa. cxlvii. 5. adeo ut illi contingens incertumve nihil sit;⁹⁶⁸⁹⁶⁸ Acts 15:18; Ezeck. xi. 5. in omnibus ejus consiliis, operibus et mandatis est sanctissimus.⁹⁶⁹⁹⁶⁹ Psa. cxlv. 17; Rom. vii. 12. Quicquid cultus, quicquid officii, quicquid obsequii ab Angelis illi, ab hominibus, aut a quavis creatura exigere placet, id illi omne jure optimo debetur.⁹⁷⁰⁹⁷⁰ Rev. v. 12–14.
III. In the unity of the Godhead	III. In Deitatis unitate personæ

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Chapter III.	Cap. III.
head there be three persons, of one substance, power, and eternity: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost.⁹⁷¹⁹⁷¹ 1 John v. 7; Matt. iii. 16, 17; xxviii. 19; 2 Cor. xiii. 14. The Father is of none, neither begotten nor proceeding; the Son is eternally begotten of the Father;⁹⁷²⁹⁷² John i. 14, 18. the Holy Ghost eternally proceeding from the Father and the Son.⁹⁷³⁹⁷³ John xv. 26; Gal. iv. 6.	tres sunt unius ejusdemque essentiæ, potential ac æternitatis; Deus Pater, Deus Filius, ac Deus Spiritus Sanctus.⁹⁷⁴⁹⁷⁴ 1 John v. 7; Matt. iii. 16, 17; xxviii. 19; 2 Cor. xiii. 14. Pater quidem a nullo est, nec genitus nempe nec procedens: Filius autem a Patre est æterne genitus:⁹⁷⁵⁹⁷⁵ John i. 14, 18. Spiritus autem Sanctus æterne procedens a Patre Filioque.⁹⁷⁶⁹⁷⁶ John xv. 26; Gal. iv. 6.
Of God's Eternal Decree.⁹⁷⁷⁹⁷⁷[Am. ed. decrees.]	De æterno Dei Decreto.
I. God from all eternity did, by the most wise and holy counsel of his own will, freely and unchangeably ordain whatsoever comes to pass;⁹⁷⁸⁹⁷⁸ Eph. i. 11; Rom. xi. 33; Heb. vi. 17; Rom. ix. 15,18. yet so as thereby neither is God the author of sin,⁹⁷⁹⁹⁷⁹ James i. 13,17; 1 John i. 5; [Am. ed. Eccl. vii. 29]. nor is violence offered to the will of the creatures, nor is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather established.⁹⁸⁰⁹⁸⁰ Acts ii. 23; Matt. xvii. 12; Acts iv. 27, 28; John xix. 11; Prov. xvi. 33.	I. Deus, e sapientissimo sanctissimoque consilio voluntatis suæ, libere ac immutabiliter, quicquid unquam evenit, ab omni æterno ordinavit;⁹⁸¹⁹⁸¹ Eph. i. 11; Rom. xi. 33; Heb. vi. 17; Rom. ix. 15,18. ita tamen, id inde nec author peccati evadat Deus,⁹⁸²⁹⁸² James i. 13,17; 1 John i. 5; [Am. ed. Eccl. vii. 29]. nec voluntati creaturarum sit vis illata, neque libertas aut contingentia causarum secundarum ablata sit, verum potius stabilita.⁹⁸³⁹⁸³ Acts ii. 23; Matt. xvii. 12; Acts iv. 27, 28; John xix. 11; Prov. xvi. 33.
II. Although God knows whatsoever may or can come to pass upon all supposed conditions,⁹⁸⁴⁹⁸⁴ Acts xv. 18; 1 Sam. xxiii. 11, 12; Matt. xi. 21, 23. yet hath he not decreed any thing because he foresaw it as future, or as that which would come to pass upon such conditions.⁹⁸⁵⁹⁸⁵ Rom. ix. 11,13,16,18.	II. Quamvis omnia cognoscat Deus, quæ suppositis quibusvis conditionibus sunt eventu possibilia;⁹⁸⁶⁹⁸⁶ Acts xv. 18; 1 Sam. xxiii. 11, 12; Matt. xi. 21, 23. non tamen ideo quicquam decrevit quoniam illud præviderat aut futurum, aut positis talibus conditionibus eventurum.⁹⁸⁷⁹⁸⁷ Rom. ix. 11,13,16,18.
III. By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory,	III. Deus, quo gloriam suam manifestaret, nonnullos hominum

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some men and angels⁹⁸⁸⁹⁸⁸ 1 Tim. v. 21; Matt. xxv. 41. are predestinated unto everlasting life, and others foreordained to everlasting death.⁹⁸⁹⁹⁸⁹ Rom. ix. 22, 23; Eph. i. 5, 6; Prov. xvi. 4.	ac Angelorum⁹⁹⁰⁹⁹⁰ 1 Tim. v. 21; Matt. xxv. 41. decreto suo ad æternam vitam prædestinavit, alios autem ad mortem æternam præordinavit.⁹⁹¹⁹⁹¹ Rom. ix. 22, 23; Eph. i. 5, 6; Prov. xvi. 4.
IV. These angels and men, thus predestinated and foreordained, are particularly and unchangeably designed; and their number is so certain and definite that it can not be either increased or diminished.⁹⁹²⁹⁹² 2 Tim. ii. 19; John xiii. 18.	IV. prædestinati illi et præordinati homines Angelique, particulariter sunt ac immutabiliter designati, certusque illorum est ac definitus numerus, adeo ut nec augeri possit nec imminui.⁹⁹³⁹⁹³ 2 Tim. ii. 19; John xiii. 18.
V. Those of mankind that are predestinated unto life, God, before the foundation of the world was laid, according to his eternal and immutable purpose, and the secret counsel and good pleasure of his will, hath chosen in Christ, unto everlasting glory,⁹⁹⁴⁹⁹⁴ Eph. i. 4, 9, 11; Rom. viii. 30; 2 Tim. i. 9; 1 Thess. v. 9. out of his mere free grace and love, without any foresight of faith or good works, or perseverance in either of them, or any other thing in the creature, as conditions, or causes moving him thereunto;⁹⁹⁵⁹⁹⁵ Rom. ix. 11, 13, 16; Eph. i, 4, 9. and all to the praise of his glorious grace.⁹⁹⁶⁹⁹⁶ Eph. i. 6, 12.	V. Qui ex humano genere sunt ad vitam prædestinati, illos Deus ante jacta mundi fundamenta, secundum æternum suum ac immutabile propositum, secretumque voluntatis suæ consilium et beneplacitum, elegit in Christo ad æternam gloriam,⁹⁹⁷⁹⁹⁷ Eph. i. 4, 9, 11; Rom. viii. 30; 2 Tim. i. 9; 1 Thess. v. 9. idque ex amore suo et gratia mere gratuita; nec fide, nec bonis operibus, nec in his illave perseverantia, sed neque ulla alia re in creatura, prævisis, ipsum tanquam causis aut conditionibus ad id moventibus;⁹⁹⁸⁹⁹⁸ Rom. ix. 11, 13, 16; Eph. i, 4, 9. quo totum nempe in laudem cederet gloriosæ suæ gratiæ.⁹⁹⁹⁹⁹⁹ Eph. i. 6, 12.
VI. As God hath appointed the elect unto glory, so hath he, by the eternal and most free purpose of his will, foreordained all the means thereunto.¹⁰⁰⁰¹⁰⁰⁰ 1 Pet. i. 2; Eph. i. 4, 5; ii. 10; 2 Thess. ii. 13. Wherefore they who are elected, being fallen in	VI. Quemadmodum autem Deus electos ad gloriam destinavit, sic omnia etiam quibus illam consequantur media præordinavit, voluntatis suæ proposito æterno simul et liberrimo.¹⁰⁰¹¹⁰⁰¹ 1 Pet. i. 2; Eph. i. 4, 5; ii. 10; 2 Thess. ii. 13. Quapropter electi, postquam

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Adam, are redeemed by Christ,¹⁰⁰²¹⁰⁰² 1 Thess. v. 9, 10; Tit. ii. 14. are effectually called unto faith in Christ by his Spirit working in due season; are justified, adopted, sanctified,¹⁰⁰³¹⁰⁰³ Rom. viii. 30; Eph. i. 5; 2 Thess. ii. 13. and kept by his power through faith unto salvation.¹⁰⁰⁴¹⁰⁰⁴ 1 Pet. i. 5. Neither are any other redeemed by Christ, effectually called, justified, adopted, sanctified, and saved, but the elect only.¹⁰⁰⁵¹⁰⁰⁵ John xvii. 9; Rom. viii. 28 to the end; John vi. 64, 65; viii. 47; x. 26; 1 John ii. 19.	lapsi essent in Adamo, a Christo sunt redempti;¹⁰⁰⁶¹⁰⁰⁶ 1 Thess. v. 9, 10; Tit. ii. 14. per Spiritum ejus opportuno tempore operantem, ad fidem in Christum vocantur efficaciter; justificantur, sanctificantur,¹⁰⁰⁷¹⁰⁰⁷ Rom. viii. 30; Eph. i. 5; 2 Thess. ii. 13. et potentia ipsius per fidem custodiuntur ad salutem.¹⁰⁰⁸¹⁰⁰⁸ 1 Pet. i. 5. Nec alii quivis a Christo redimuntur, vocantur efficaciter justificantur, adoptantur, sanctificantur et salvantur, præter electos solos.¹⁰⁰⁹¹⁰⁰⁹ John xvii. 9; Rom. viii. 28 to the end; John vi. 64, 65; viii. 47; x. 26; 1 John ii. 19.
VII. The rest of mankind God was pleased, according to the unsearchable counsel of his own will, whereby he extendeth or withholdeth mercy as he pleaseth, for the glory of his sovereign power over his creatures, to pass by, and to ordain them to dishonor and wrath for their sin, to the praise of his glorious justice.¹⁰¹⁰¹⁰¹⁰ Matt. xi. 25, 26; Rom. ix. 17, 18, 21, 22; 2 Tim. ii. 19, 20; Jude 4; 1 Pet. ii. 8.	VII. Reliquos humani generis Deo placuit secundum consilium voluntatis suæ inscrutabile {quo misericordiam pro libitu exhibet abstinetve) in gloriam supremæ suæ in creaturas potestatis, præterire; eosque ordinare ad ignominiam et iram pro peccatis suis, ad laudem justitiæ suæ gloriosæ.¹⁰¹¹¹⁰¹¹ Matt. xi. 25, 26; Rom. ix. 17, 18, 21, 22; 2 Tim. ii. 19, 20; Jude 4; 1 Pet. ii. 8.
VIII. The doctrine of this high mystery of predestination is to be handled with special prudence and care,¹⁰¹²¹⁰¹² Rom. ix. 20; xi. 33; Deut. xxix. 29. that men attending the will of God revealed in his Word, and yielding obedience thereunto, may, from the certainty of their effectual vocation, be assured of their eternal election.¹⁰¹³¹⁰¹³ 2 Pet. i. 10. So shall this doctrine afford matter of praise, reverence,and admiration of God;¹⁰¹⁴¹⁰¹⁴ Eph. i. 6; Rom. xi. 33. and of humility, diligence, and abundant consolation	VIII. Doctrina de sublimi hoc prædestinationis mysterio non sine summa cura et prudentia tractari debet,¹⁰¹⁵¹⁰¹⁵ Rom. ix. 20; xi. 33; Deut. xxix. 29. quo nimirum homines, dum voluntati Dei in verbo ejus revelatæ advertant animos, eique debitam exhibeant obedientiam, de efficaci sua vocatione certiores facti, ad æternæ suæ electionis assurgere possint certitudinem.¹⁰¹⁶¹⁰¹⁶ 2 Pet. i. 10. Ita demum suppeditabit hæc doctrina laudandi, reverendi, admirandique Deum argumentum,¹⁰¹⁷¹⁰¹⁷ Eph. i. 6; Rom. xi. 33. quin etiam humilitatis,

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Chapter IV.	Cap. IV.
to all that sincerely obey the gospel.¹⁰¹⁸¹⁰¹⁸ Rom. xi. 5, 6, 20; 2 Pet. i. 10; Rom. viii. 33; Luke x. 20.	diligentiæ et consolationis copiosæ omnibus sincere obedientibus evangelio.¹⁰¹⁹¹⁰¹⁹ Rom. xi. 5, 6, 20; 2 Pet. i. 10; Rom. viii. 33; Luke x. 20.
Of Creation.	De Creatione.
I. It pleased God the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost,¹⁰²⁰¹⁰²⁰ Heb. i. 2; John i. 2, 3; Gen. i. 2; Job xxvi. 13; xxxiii. 4. for the manifestation of the glory of his eternal power, wisdom, and goodness,¹⁰²¹¹⁰²¹ Rom. i. 20; Jer. x. 12; Psa. civ. 24; xxxiii. 5, 6. in the beginning, to create or make of nothing the world, and all things therein, whether visible or invisible, in the space of six days, and all very good.¹⁰²²¹⁰²² Gen. ch. i.; Heb. xi. 3; Col. i. 16; Acts xvii. 24.	I. Deo, Patri, Filio et Spiritui sancto, complacitum est,¹⁰²³¹⁰²³ Heb. i. 2; John i. 2, 3; Gen. i. 2; Job xxvi. 13; xxxiii. 4. quo æternæ suæ cum potentiæ tum sapientiæ bonitatisque gloriam manifestaret,¹⁰²⁴¹⁰²⁴ Rom. i. 20; Jer. x. 12; Psa. civ. 24; xxxiii. 5, 6. mundum hunc, et quæ in eo continentur universa tam visibilla quam invisibilia, in principio intra sex dierum spatium creare, seu ex nihilo condere, atque omnia quidem bona valde.¹⁰²⁵¹⁰²⁵ Gen. ch. i.; Heb. xi. 3; Col. i. 16; Acts xvii. 24.
II. After God had made all other creatures, he created man, male and female,¹⁰²⁶¹⁰²⁶ Gen. i. 27. with reasonable and immortal souls,¹⁰²⁷¹⁰²⁷ Gen. ii. 7; Eccles. xii. 7; Luke xxiii. 43; Matt. x. 28. endued with knowledge, righteousness, and true holiness, after his own image,¹⁰²⁸¹⁰²⁸ Gen. i. 26; Col. iii. 10; Eph. iv. 24. having the law of God written in their hearts,¹⁰²⁹¹⁰²⁹ Rom. ii. 14, 15. and power to fulfill it;¹⁰³⁰¹⁰³⁰ Eccles. vii. 29. and yet under a possibility of transgressing, being left to the liberty of their own will, which was subject unto change.¹⁰³¹¹⁰³¹ Gen. iii. 6; Eccles. vii. 29. Beside this law written in their hearts, they received a command not to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good	II. Postquam omnes alias creaturas condidisset Deus, creavit hominem marem et fœminam,¹⁰³²¹⁰³² Gen. i. 27. animabus inditis rationalibus ac immortalibus,¹⁰³³¹⁰³³ Gen. ii. 7; Eccles. xii. 7; Luke xxiii. 43; Matt. x. 28. imbutos cognitione, justitia, veraque sanctitate, ad suam ipsius imaginem,¹⁰³⁴¹⁰³⁴ Gen. i. 26; Col. iii. 10; Eph. iv. 24. habentes in cordibus suis inscriptam Divinam legem,¹⁰³⁵¹⁰³⁵ Rom. ii. 14, 15. simul et eandem implendi vires;¹⁰³⁶¹⁰³⁶ Eccles. vii. 29. non tamen sine quadam violandi possibilitate; libertati siquidem permissi erant voluntatis suæ haud immutabilis.¹⁰³⁷¹⁰³⁷ Gen. iii. 6; Eccles. vii. 29. Præter autem hanc in cordibus eorum inscriptam legem de non comedendo ex arbore scientiæ boni malique

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Chapter V.	Cap. V.
and evil; which while they kept they were happy in their communion with God,¹⁰³⁸¹⁰³⁸ Gen. ii. 27; iii. 8–11, 23. and had dominion over the creatures.¹⁰³⁹¹⁰³⁹ Gen. i. 26, 28; [Am. ed. Psa. viii. 6–8].	mandatum insuper acceperunt; quod certe quam diu observabant, communione Dei beati erant,¹⁰⁴⁰¹⁰⁴⁰ Gen. ii. 27; iii. 8–11, 23. dominiumque habebant in creaturas.¹⁰⁴¹¹⁰⁴¹ Gen. i. 26, 28; [Am. ed. Psa. viii. 6–8].
Of Providence.	De Providentia.
God, the great Creator of all things, doth uphold,¹⁰⁴²¹⁰⁴² Heb. i. 3. direct, dispose, and govern all creatures, actions, and things,¹⁰⁴³¹⁰⁴³ Dan. iv. 34, 35; Psa. cxxxv. 6; Acts xvii. 25, 26, 28; Job, chaps. xxxviii. xxxix. xl. xli. from the greatest even to the least,¹⁰⁴⁴¹⁰⁴⁴ Matt. x. 29–31; [Am. ed. Matt. vi. 26, 30]. by his most wise and holy providence,¹⁰⁴⁵¹⁰⁴⁵ Prov. xv. 3; [Am. ed. 2 Chron. xvi. 9]; Psa. civ. 24; cxlv. 17. according to his infallible foreknowledge¹⁰⁴⁶¹⁰⁴⁶ Acts xv. 18; Psa. xciv. 8–11. and the free and immutable counsel of his own will,¹⁰⁴⁷¹⁰⁴⁷ Eph. i. 11; Psa. xxxiii. 10, 11. to the praise of the glory of his wisdom, power, justice, goodness, and mercy.¹⁰⁴⁸¹⁰⁴⁸ Isa. lxiii. 14; Eph. iii. 10; Rom. ix. 17; Gen. xlv. 7; Psa. cxlv. 7.	I. Magnus ille rerum omnium creator Deus sapientissima sua et sanctissima simul providentia¹⁰⁴⁹¹⁰⁴⁹ Heb. i. 3. creaturas, actiones, resque¹⁰⁵⁰¹⁰⁵⁰ Dan. iv. 34, 35; Psa. cxxxv. 6; Acts xvii. 25, 26, 28; Job, chaps. xxxviii. xxxix. xl. xli. a maximis usque ad minimas¹⁰⁵¹¹⁰⁵¹ Matt. x. 29–31; [Am. ed. Matt. vi. 26, 30]. universas sustentat,¹⁰⁵²¹⁰⁵² Prov. xv. 3; [Am. ed. 2 Chron. xvi. 9]; Psa. civ. 24; cxlv. 17. dirigit, ordinat, gubernatque secundum infallibilem suam præscientiam,¹⁰⁵³¹⁰⁵³ Acts xv. 18; Psa. xciv. 8–11. et voluntatis suæ consilium liberum ac immutabile,¹⁰⁵⁴¹⁰⁵⁴ Eph. i. 11; Psa. xxxiii. 10, 11. ad laudem gloriæ sapientiæ suæ, potentiæ, justitiæ, bonitatis, ac misericordiæ.¹⁰⁵⁵¹⁰⁵⁵ Isa. lxiii. 14; Eph. iii. 10; Rom. ix. 17; Gen. xlv. 7; Psa. cxlv. 7.
II. Although in relation to the foreknowledge and decree of God, the first cause, all things come to pass immutably and infallibly,¹⁰⁵⁶¹⁰⁵⁶ Acts ii. 23. yet by the same providence he ordereth them to fall out, according to the nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or contingently.¹⁰⁵⁷¹⁰⁵⁷ Gen. viii. 22; Jer. xxxi. 35; Exod. xxi. 13; Deut. xix. 5; 1 Kings xxii. 28, 34; Isa. x. 6, 7.	II. Quamvis respectu præscientiæ ac decreti Dei (causæ primæ) omnia immutabiliter atque infallibiliter eveniant,¹⁰⁵⁸¹⁰⁵⁸ Acts ii. 23. per eandem tamen ille providentiam eadem ordinat evenire necessario, libere, aut contingenter, pro natura causarum secundarum.¹⁰⁵⁹¹⁰⁵⁹ Gen. viii. 22; Jer. xxxi. 35; Exod. xxi. 13; Deut. xix. 5; 1 Kings xxii. 28, 34; Isa. x. 6, 7.
III. God, in his ordinary providence, maketh use of means,¹⁰⁶⁰¹⁰⁶⁰ Acts xxvii. 31, 44; Isa. lv. 10, 11; Hos. ii. 21, 22. yet is free to work without,¹⁰⁶¹¹⁰⁶¹ Hos. i. 7; Matt. iv. 4; Job xxxiv. 10.	III. Deus in providentia sua ordinaria mediis utitur,¹⁰⁶²¹⁰⁶² Acts xxvii. 31, 44; Isa. lv. 10, 11; Hos. ii. 21, 22. iis tamen non astringitur, quo minus absque eis,¹⁰⁶³¹⁰⁶³ Hos. i. 7; Matt. iv. 4; Job xxxiv. 10.

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above,¹⁰⁶⁴¹⁰⁶⁴ Rom. iv. 19–21. and against them, at his pleasure.¹⁰⁶⁵¹⁰⁶⁵ 2 Kings vi. 6; Dan. iii. 27.	supra¹⁰⁶⁶¹⁰⁶⁶ Rom. iv. 19–21. aut etiam contra ea pro arbitrio suo operetur.¹⁰⁶⁷¹⁰⁶⁷ 2 Kings vi. 6; Dan. iii. 27.
IV. The almighty power, unsearchable wisdom, and infinite goodness of God so far manifest themselves in his providence that it extendeth itself even to the first fall, and all other sins of angels and men,¹⁰⁶⁸¹⁰⁶⁸ Rom. xi. 32–34; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1; 1 Chron. xxi. 1; 1 Kings xxii. 22, 23; 1 Chron. x. 4, 13, 14; 2 Sam. xvi. 10; Acts ii. 23; iv. 27, 28. and that not by a bare permission,¹⁰⁶⁹¹⁰⁶⁹ Acts xiv. 16. but such as hath joined with it a most wise and powerful bounding,¹⁰⁷⁰¹⁰⁷⁰ Psa. lxxvi. 10; 2 Kings xix. 28. and otherwise ordering and governing of them, in a manifold dispensation, to his own holy ends;¹⁰⁷¹¹⁰⁷¹ Gen. l. 20; Isa. x. 6, 7, 12. yet so as the sinfulness thereof proceedeth only from the creature, and not from God; who, being most holy and righteous, neither is nor can be the author or approver of sin.¹⁰⁷²¹⁰⁷² 1 James i. 13, 14, 17; 1 John. ii. 16; Psa. l. 21.	IV. Omnipotentem Dei potentiam, sapientiam inscrutabilem, bonitatemque infinitam providentia ejus eo usque manifestat, ut vel ad primum lapsum, omniaque reliqua peccata, seu hominum sint sive angelorum, se extendat;¹⁰⁷³¹⁰⁷³ Rom. xi. 32–34; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1; 1 Chron. xxi. 1; 1 Kings xxii. 22, 23; 1 Chron. x. 4, 13, 14; 2 Sam. xvi. 10; Acts ii. 23; iv. 27, 28. neque id quidem permissione nuda,¹⁰⁷⁴¹⁰⁷⁴ Acts xiv. 16. verum cui conjuncta est sapientissima potentissimaque eorum limitatio,¹⁰⁷⁵¹⁰⁷⁵ Psa. lxxvi. 10; 2 Kings xix. 28. ac aliusmodi ad sanctos sibi propositos fines dispensatione multiplici ordinatio et gubernatio;¹⁰⁷⁶¹⁰⁷⁶ Gen. l. 20; Isa. x. 6, 7, 12. ita tamen ut omnis eorum vitiositas a sola proveniat creatura, a Deo neutiquam, qui sanctissimus quum sit justissimusque neque est, nec esse quidem potest peccati autor aut approbator.¹⁰⁷⁷¹⁰⁷⁷ 1 James i. 13, 14, 17; 1 John. ii. 16; Psa. l. 21.
V. The most wise, righteous, and gracious God doth oftentimes leave for a season his own children to manifold temptations and the corruption of their own hearts, to chastise them for their former sins, or to discover unto them the hidden strength of corruption and deceitfulness of their hearts, that they may be humbled;¹⁰⁷⁸¹⁰⁷⁸ 2 Chron. xxxii. 25, 26, 31; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1. and to raise them to a more close and constant	V. Sapientissimus, justissimus, et gratiosissimus idem Deus, sæpenumero filios suos tentationibus multifariis, suorumque cordium corruptioni ad tempus permittit; quo ob admissa prius peccata castiget eos, vel corruptionis iis detegat vim occultam, cordiumque suorum fraudulentiam ut humilientur;¹⁰⁷⁹¹⁰⁷⁹ 2 Chron. xxxii. 25, 26, 31; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1. quoque eos excitet ad strictam magis et constantem a seipso proferendis suppetiis

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dependence for their support unto¹⁰⁸⁰¹⁰⁸⁰[Am. ed. upon.] himself, and to make them more watchful against all future occasions of sin, and for sundry other just and holy ends.¹⁰⁸¹¹⁰⁸¹ 2 Cor. xii. 7–9; Psa. lxxiii. throughout; lxxvii. 1–10, 12; Mark xiv. 66 to the end; John xxi. 15–17.	dependentiam; Quo denique adversus onmes occasiones peccati de futuro reddat cautiores. Sed et ob alios etiam varios fines, justos sanctosque sibi propositos.¹⁰⁸²¹⁰⁸² 2 Cor. xii. 7–9; Psa. lxxiii. throughout; lxxvii. 1–10, 12; Mark xiv. 66 to the end; John xxi. 15–17.
VI. As for those wicked and ungodly men whom God, as a righteous judge, for former sins, doth blind and harden,¹⁰⁸³¹⁰⁸³ Rom. i. 24, 26, 28; xi. 7, 8. from them he not only withholdeth his grace, whereby they might have been enlightened in their understandings and wrought upon in their hearts,¹⁰⁸⁴¹⁰⁸⁴ Deut. xxix. 4. but sometimes also withdraweth the gifts which they had,¹⁰⁸⁵¹⁰⁸⁵ Matt. xiii. 12; xxv. 29. and exposeth them to such objects as their corruption makes occasion of sin;¹⁰⁸⁶¹⁰⁸⁶ Deut. ii. 30; 2 Kings viii. 12, 13. and withal, gives them over to their own lusts, the temptations of the world, and the power of Satan;¹⁰⁸⁷¹⁰⁸⁷ Psa. lxxxi. 11, 12; 2 Thess. ii. 10–12. whereby it comes to pass that they harden themselves, even under those means which God useth for the softening of others.¹⁰⁸⁸¹⁰⁸⁸ Exod. vii. 3; viii. 15, 32; 2 Cor. ii. 15, 16; Isa. viii. 14; 1 Pet. ii. 7, 8; Isa. vi. 9, 10; Acts xxviii. 26, 27.	VI. Quod scelestos illos spectat impiosque homines, quos Deus, ut justus judex, ob peccata præcedentia excæcat induratque;¹⁰⁸⁹¹⁰⁸⁹ Rom. i. 24, 26, 28; xi. 7, 8. eis ille non solum gratiam suam non impertit, qua ipsis cum illuminari intellectus, tum affici corda potuissent;¹⁰⁹⁰¹⁰⁹⁰ Deut. xxix. 4. sed interdum subtrahit eis quibus imbuti erant dona,¹⁰⁹¹¹⁰⁹¹ Matt. xiii. 12; xxv. 29. et ipsos exponit illiusmodi objectis, unde corruptio eorum arripit sibi peccandi occasiones;¹⁰⁹²¹⁰⁹² Deut. ii. 30; 2 Kings viii. 12, 13. simulque tradit eos suis ipsorum concupiscentiis et tentationibus mundi, et potestati Satanæ;¹⁰⁹³¹⁰⁹³ Psa. lxxxi. 11, 12; 2 Thess. ii. 10–12. ex quo fit ut seipsos ipsi indurent, et quidem sub iisdem mediis quibus utitur Deus ad alios emolliendos.¹⁰⁹⁴¹⁰⁹⁴ Exod. vii. 3; viii. 15, 32; 2 Cor. ii. 15, 16; Isa. viii. 14; 1 Pet. ii. 7, 8; Isa. vi. 9, 10; Acts xxviii. 26, 27.
VII. As the providence of God doth, in general, reach to all creatures, so, after a most special manner, it taketh care of his Church, and disposeth all things to the good thereof.¹⁰⁹⁵¹⁰⁹⁵ 1 Tim. iv. 10; Amos ix. 8, 9; Rom. viii 28; Isa. xliii. 3–5,14.	VII. Providentia Dei sicut ad omnes creaturas universali modo se extendit; ita modo plane peculiari Ecclesiæ suæ curam gerit, ac in ejus bonum disponit universa.¹⁰⁹⁶¹⁰⁹⁶ 1 Tim. iv. 10; Amos ix. 8, 9; Rom. viii 28; Isa. xliii. 3–5,14.

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Chapter VI.	Cap. VI.
Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment thereof.	De hominis lapsu, de peccato ejusque pœna.
I. Our first parents, being seduced by the subtilty and temptation of Satan, sinned in eating the forbidden fruit.¹⁰⁹⁷¹⁰⁹⁷ Gen. iii. 13; 2 Cor. xi. 3. This their sin God was pleased, according to his wise and holy counsel, to permit, having purposed to order it to his own glory.¹⁰⁹⁸¹⁰⁹⁸ Rom. xi. 32.	I. Primi parentes, Satanæ subtilitate ac tentatione seducti, fructus vetiti esu peccaverunt.¹⁰⁹⁹¹⁰⁹⁹ Gen. iii. 13; 2 Cor. xi. 3. Hoc eorum peccatum secundum sapiens suum sanctumque consilium Deo placuit permittere, non sine proposito illud ad suam ipsius gloriam ordinandi.¹¹⁰⁰¹¹⁰⁰ Rom. xi. 32.
II. By this sin they fell from their original righteousness and communion with God,¹¹⁰¹¹¹⁰¹ Gen. iii. 6–8; Eccles. vii. 29; Rom. iii. 23. and so became dead in sin,¹¹⁰²¹¹⁰² Gen. ii. 17; Eph. ii. 1; [Am. ed. Rom. v. 12]. and wholly defiled in all the faculties and parts of soul and body.¹¹⁰³¹¹⁰³ Tit. i. 15; Gen. vi. 5; Jer. xvii. 9; Rom. iii. 10–19.	II. Hoc illi peccato, justitia sua originali et communione cum Deo exciderunt;¹¹⁰⁴¹¹⁰⁴ Gen. iii. 6–8; Eccles. vii. 29; Rom. iii. 23. itaque facti sunt in peccato mortui,¹¹⁰⁵¹¹⁰⁵ Gen. ii. 17; Eph. ii. 1; [Am. ed. Rom. v. 12]. atque in omnibus facultatibus ac partibus animæ corporisque penitus contaminati.¹¹⁰⁶¹¹⁰⁶ Tit. i. 15; Gen. vi. 5; Jer. xvii. 9; Rom. iii. 10–19.
III. They being the root of all mankind,¹¹⁰⁷¹¹⁰⁷ Gen. i. 27, 28; ii. 16, 17; Acts xvii. 26; Rom. v. 12, 15–19; 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22, 45, 49. the guilt of this sin was imputed, and the same death in sin and corrupted nature conveyed to all their posterity descending from them by ordinary generation.¹¹⁰⁸¹¹⁰⁸ Psa. li. 5; Gen. v. 3; Job xiv. 4; xv. 14.	III. Quumque illi fuerint radix totius humani¹¹⁰⁹¹¹⁰⁹ Gen. i. 27, 28; ii. 16, 17; Acts xvii. 26; Rom. v. 12, 15–19; 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22, 45, 49. generis, hujusce peccati reatus fuit imputatus, eademque in peccato mors ac natura corrupta propagata, omnibus illorum posteris, quotquot ab iis ordinaria quidem generatione procreantur.¹¹¹⁰¹¹¹⁰ Psa. li. 5; Gen. v. 3; Job xiv. 4; xv. 14.
IV. From this original corruption, whereby we are utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite to all good,¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ Rom. v. 6; vii. 18; viii. 7; Col. i. 21; [Am. ed. John iii. 6]. and wholly inclined to all evil,¹¹¹²¹¹¹² Gen. vi. 5; viii. 21; Rom. iii. 10–12. do proceed all actual transgressions.¹¹¹³¹¹¹³ James i. 14, 15; Eph. ii. 2, 3; Matt. xv. 19.	IV. Ab hac originali labe (qua ad omne bonum facti sumus inhabiles prorsus ac impotentes, eique plane oppositi,¹¹¹⁴¹¹¹⁴ Rom. v. 6; vii. 18; viii. 7; Col. i. 21; [Am. ed. John iii. 6]. ad malum autem omne proclives penitus)¹¹¹⁵¹¹¹⁵ Gen. vi. 5; viii. 21; Rom. iii. 10–12. proveniunt omnia peccata actualia.¹¹¹⁶¹¹¹⁶ James i. 14, 15; Eph. ii. 2, 3; Matt. xv. 19.
V. This corruption of nature,	V. Hæc naturæ corruptio durante

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Chapter VII.	Cap. VII.
during this life, doth remain in those that are regenerated;¹¹¹⁷¹¹¹⁷ 1 John i. 8, 10; Rom. vii. 14, 17, 18, 23; James iii. 2; Prov. xx. 9; Eccles. vii. 20. and although it be through Christ pardoned and mortified, yet both itself and all the motions thereof are truly and properly sin.¹¹¹⁸¹¹¹⁸ Rom. vii. 5, 7, 8, 25; Gal. v. 17.	hac vita manet etiam in regenitis;¹¹¹⁹¹¹¹⁹ 1 John i. 8, 10; Rom. vii. 14, 17, 18, 23; James iii. 2; Prov. xx. 9; Eccles. vii. 20. et quamvis per Christum et condonata sit et mortificata; nihilo minus tam ipsa, quam ejus motus universi vere sunt ac proprie peccata.¹¹²⁰¹¹²⁰ Rom. vii. 5, 7, 8, 25; Gal. v. 17.
VI. Every sin, both original and actual, being a transgression of the righteous law of God, and contrary thereunto,¹¹²¹¹¹²¹ 1 John iii. 4. doth, in its own nature, bring guilt upon the sinner,¹¹²²¹¹²² Rom. ii. 15; iii. 9, 19. whereby he is bound over to the wrath of God¹¹²³¹¹²³ Eph. ii. 3. and curse of the law,¹¹²⁴¹¹²⁴ Gal. iii. 10. and so made subject to death,¹¹²⁵¹¹²⁵ Rom. vi. 23. with all miseries spiritual,¹¹²⁶¹¹²⁶ Eph. iv. 18. temporal,¹¹²⁷¹¹²⁷ Rom. viii. 20; Lam. iii. 39. and eternal.¹¹²⁸¹¹²⁸ Matt. xxv. 41; 2 Thess. i. 9.	VI. Peccatum omne cum originale tum actuale, quum justæ Dei legis transgressio sit eique contraria,¹¹²⁹¹¹²⁹ 1 John iii. 4. peccatori suapte natura reatum infert,¹¹³⁰¹¹³⁰ Rom. ii. 15; iii. 9, 19. quo ad iram Dei,¹¹³¹¹¹³¹ Eph. ii. 3. ac maledictionem legis¹¹³²¹¹³² Gal. iii. 10. subeundam obligatur, adeoque redditur obnoxius morti¹¹³³¹¹³³ Rom. vi. 23. simul et miseriis omnibus spiritualibus,¹¹³⁴¹¹³⁴ Eph. iv. 18. temporalibus,¹¹³⁵¹¹³⁵ Rom. viii. 20; Lam. iii. 39. ac æternis.¹¹³⁶¹¹³⁶10 Matt. xxv. 41; 2 Thess. i. 9.
Of God's Covenant with Man.	De fœdere Dei cum nomine.
I. The distance between God and the creature is so great that although reasonable creatures do owe obedience unto him as their Creator, yet they could never have any fruition of him as their blessedness and reward but by some voluntary condescension on God's part, which he hath been pleased to express by way of covenant.¹¹³⁷¹¹³⁷ Isa. xl. 13–17; Job ix. 32, 33; 1 Sam. ii. 25; Psa. c. 2, 3; cxiii. 5, 6; Job xxii. 2, 3; xxxv. 7, 8; Luke xvii. 10; Acts xvii. 24, 25.	I. Tanta est inter deum et creaturam distantia, ut licet creaturæ rationales obedientiam illi ut creatori suo debeant, nullam tamen fruitionem ejus tanquam suæ beatitudinis ac præmii habere unquam potuissent, ni voluntaria fuisset aliqua ex parte Dei condescentio; quam ipsi exprimere placuit icto fœdere.¹¹³⁸¹¹³⁸ Isa. xl. 13–17; Job ix. 32, 33; 1 Sam. ii. 25; Psa. c. 2, 3; cxiii. 5, 6; Job xxii. 2, 3; xxxv. 7, 8; Luke xvii. 10; Acts xvii. 24, 25.
II. The first covenant made with	II. Primum fœdus cum hominibus

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man was a covenant of works,¹¹³⁹¹¹³⁹ Gal. iii. 12; [Am. ed. Hos. vi. 7; Gen. ii. 16, 17]. wherein life was promised to Adam, and in him to his posterity,¹¹⁴⁰¹¹⁴⁰ Rom. v. 12–20; x. 5. upon condition of perfect and personal obedience.¹¹⁴¹¹¹⁴¹ Gen. ii. 17; Gal. iii. 10.	initum erat fœdus operum,¹¹⁴²¹¹⁴² Gal. iii. 12; [Am. ed. Hos. vi. 7; Gen. ii. 16, 17]. quo vita Adamo promissa erat, ejusque in eo posteris,¹¹⁴³¹¹⁴³ Rom. v. 12–20; x. 5. sub conditione obedientiæ perfectæ ac personalis.¹¹⁴⁴¹¹⁴⁴ Gen. ii. 17; Gal. iii. 10.
III. Man by his fall having made himself incapable of life by that covenant, the Lord was pleased to make a second,¹¹⁴⁵¹¹⁴⁵ Gal. iii. 21; Rom. iii. 20, 21; viii. 3; Gen. iii. 15; Isa. xlii. 6. commonly called the covenant of grace: wherein he freely offered unto sinners life and salvation by Jesus Christ, requiring of them faith in him that they may be saved,¹¹⁴⁶¹¹⁴⁶ 5 Mark xvi. 15, 16; John iii. 16; Rom. x. 6, 9; Gal. iii. 11. and promising to give unto all those that are ordained unto life his Holy Spirit, to make them willing and able to believe.¹¹⁴⁷¹¹⁴⁷ Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27; John vi. 44, 45; [Am. ed. v. 37].	III. Quum autem homo lapsu suo omnem sibi præstruxisset ad vitam aditum per illud fœdus, complacuit Domino secundum inire,¹¹⁴⁸¹¹⁴⁸ Gal. iii. 21; Rom. iii. 20, 21; viii. 3; Gen. iii. 15; Isa. xlii. 6. quod vulgo dicimus Fœdus Gratiæ; in quo peccatoribus offert gratuito vitam ac salutem per Jesum Christum, fidem in illum ab iis requirens ut salventur;¹¹⁴⁹¹¹⁴⁹ 5 Mark xvi. 15, 16; John iii. 16; Rom. x. 6, 9; Gal. iii. 11. promittensque omnibus qui ad vitam ordinantur se spiritum suum sanctum daturum, qui in illis operetur credendi cum voluntatem tum potentiam.¹¹⁵⁰¹¹⁵⁰ Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27; John vi. 44, 45; [Am. ed. v. 37].
IV. This covenant of grace is frequently set forth in the Scripture by the name of a testament, in reference to the death of Jesus Christ the testator, and to the everlasting inheritance, with all things belonging to it, therein bequeathed.¹¹⁵¹¹¹⁵¹ Heb. ix. 15–17; vii. 22; Luke xxii. 20; 1 Cor. xi. 25.	IV. Hoc fœdus Gratiæ in Scriptura sæpe nomine Testamenti indigitatur, respectu nimirum mortis Testatoris Jesu Christi, æternæque illius hæreditatis, quam is una cum omnibus eam spectantibus inibi legabat.¹¹⁵²¹¹⁵² Heb. ix. 15–17; vii. 22; Luke xxii. 20; 1 Cor. xi. 25.
V. This covenant was differently administered in the time of the law and in the time of the gospel:¹¹⁵³¹¹⁵³ 2 Cor. iii. 6–9. under the law it was administered by promises, prophecies,	V. Hoc fœdus sub Lege atque sub Evangelio administratum est modo alio atque alio.¹¹⁵⁴¹¹⁵⁴ 2 Cor. iii. 6–9. Sub Lege quidem per promissiones, prophetias et sacrificia, per circumcisionem, agnum

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sacrifices, circumcision, the paschal lamb, and other types and ordinances delivered to the people of the Jews, all fore-signifying Christ to come,¹¹⁵⁵¹¹⁵⁵ Heb., chaps. viii. ix. x.; Rom. iv. 11; Col. ii. 11,12; 1 Cor. v. 7; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. which were for that time sufficient and efficacious, through the operation of the Spirit, to instruct and build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah,¹¹⁵⁶¹¹⁵⁶ 1 Cor. x. 1–4; Heb. xi. 13; John viii. 56. by whom they had full remission of sins and eternal salvation; and is called the Old Testament.¹¹⁵⁷¹¹⁵⁷ ;Gal. iii. 7–9, 14.

pascalem, aliosque typos ac instituta populo Judaico tradita, quæ omnia Venturum Christum præsignificabant;¹¹⁵⁸¹¹⁵⁸ Heb., chaps. viii. ix. x.; Rom. iv. 11; Col. ii. 11,12; 1 Cor. v. 7; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. erantque pro ratione illorum temporum sufficientia, et per operationem spiritus efficacia ad electos instruendum ac ædificandum in fide in promissum Messiam,¹¹⁵⁹¹¹⁵⁹ 1 Cor. x. 1–4; Heb. xi. 13; John viii. 56. per quem plenum peccatorum remissionem et salutem æternam sunt consecuti; diciturque Vetus Testamentum.¹¹⁶⁰¹¹⁶⁰ ;Gal. iii. 7–9, 14.

VI. Under the gospel, when Christ the substance¹¹⁶¹¹¹⁶¹ Gal. ii. 17; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. was exhibited, the ordinances in which this covenant is dispensed are the preaching of the word and the administration of the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper;¹¹⁶²¹¹⁶² Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; 1 Cor. xi. 23–25; [Am. ed. 2 Cor. iii. 7–11]. which, though fewer in number, and administered with more simplicity aud less outward glory, yet in them it is held forth in more fullness, evidence, and spiritual efficacy,¹¹⁶³¹¹⁶³ Heb. xii. 22–28; Jer. xxxi. 33, 34. to all nations, both Jews and Gentiles;¹¹⁶⁴¹¹⁶⁴ Matt. xxviii. 19; Eph. ii. 15–19. and is called the New Testament.¹¹⁶⁵¹¹⁶⁵ Luke xxii. 20; [Am. ed. Heb. viii. 7–9]. There are not, therefore, two covenants of grace differing in substance, but one and the same under various dispensations.¹¹⁶⁶¹¹⁶⁶ Gal. iii. 14, 16; Acts xv. 11; Rom. iii. 21–23, 30; Psa. xxxii. 1; Rom. iv. 3, 6, 16, 17, 23, 24; Heb. xiii. 8.

VI. Sub evangelio autem, exhibito jam Christo, substantia¹¹⁶⁷¹¹⁶⁷ Gal. ii. 17; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. scilicet ac antitypo, præscriptæ rationes in quibus hoc fœdus dispensatur, sunt prædicatio verbi, et administratio sacramentorum, baptismi nempe ac cœnæ Dominicæ;¹¹⁶⁸¹¹⁶⁸ Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; 1 Cor. xi. 23–25; [Am. ed. 2 Cor. iii. 7–11]. in quibus quidem utut numero paucioribus, iisque simplicius ac minore cum externa gloria administratis, cum majore tamen plenitudine, evidentia, et efficacia spirituali¹¹⁶⁹¹¹⁶⁹ Heb. xii. 22–28; Jer. xxxi. 33, 34. populis cunctis tam Judæis quam Gentibus¹¹⁷⁰¹¹⁷⁰ Matt. xxviii. 19; Eph. ii. 15–19. exhibetur; Diciturque Novum Testamentum.¹¹⁷¹¹¹⁷¹ Luke xxii. 20; [Am. ed. Heb. viii. 7–9]. Non sunt ergo duo fœdera gratiæ, re atque natura discrepantia; sed unum idemque, licet non uno modo dispensatum.¹¹⁷²¹¹⁷² Gal. iii. 14, 16; Acts xv. 11; Rom. iii. 21–23, 30; Psa. xxxii. 1; Rom. iv. 3, 6, 16, 17, 23, 24; Heb. xiii. 8..

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Chapter VIII.	Cap. VIII.
Of Christ the Mediator.	De Christo Mediatore.
I. It pleased God, in his eternal purpose, to choose and ordain the Lord Jesus, his only-begotten Son, to be the Mediator between God and man,¹¹⁷³¹¹⁷³ Isa. xlii. 1; 1 Pet. i. 19, 20; John iii. 16; 2 Tim. ii. 5. the Prophet,¹¹⁷⁴¹¹⁷⁴ Acts iii. 22; [Am. ed. Deut. xviii. 15]. Priest,¹¹⁷⁵¹¹⁷⁵ Heb. v. 5, 6. and King;¹¹⁷⁶¹¹⁷⁶ Psa. ii. 6; Luke i. 33. the Head and Saviour of his Church,¹¹⁷⁷¹¹⁷⁷ Eph. v. 23. the Heir of all things,¹¹⁷⁸¹¹⁷⁸ Heb. i. 2. and Judge of the world;¹¹⁷⁹¹¹⁷⁹ Acts xvii. 31. whom he did, from all eternity, give a people to be his seed,¹¹⁸⁰¹¹⁸⁰ John xvii. 6; Psa. xxii. 30; Isa. liii. 10. and to be by him in time redeemed, called, justified, sanctified, and glorified.¹¹⁸¹¹¹⁸¹ 1 Tim. ii. 6; Isa. lv. 4, 5; 1 Cor. i. 30.	I. Complacitum est Deo Filium ejus unigenitum Dominum Jesum in æterno suo proposito eligere atque ordinare ut Mediator esset inter Deum et hominem,¹¹⁸²¹¹⁸² Isa. xlii. 1; 1 Pet. i. 19, 20; John iii. 16; 2 Tim. ii. 5. Propheta,¹¹⁸³¹¹⁸³ Acts iii. 22; [Am. ed. Deut. xviii. 15]. Sacerdos,¹¹⁸⁴¹¹⁸⁴ Heb. v. 5, 6. et Rex,¹¹⁸⁵¹¹⁸⁵ Psa. ii. 6; Luke i. 33. caput idem et salvator Ecclesiæ suæ;¹¹⁸⁶¹¹⁸⁶ Eph. v. 23. rerum omnium hæres,¹¹⁸⁷¹¹⁸⁷ Heb. i. 2. Mundique Judex;¹¹⁸⁸¹¹⁸⁸ Acts xvii. 31. cui ab æterno populum dedit futurum illi in semen,¹¹⁸⁹¹¹⁸⁹ John xvii. 6; Psa. xxii. 30; Isa. liii. 10. ac per illum stato tempore redimendum, vocandum, justificandum, sanctificandum ac glorificandum.¹¹⁹⁰¹¹⁹⁰ 1 Tim. ii. 6; Isa. lv. 4, 5; 1 Cor. i. 30.
II. The Son of God, the second person in the Trinity, being very and eternal God, of one substance, and equal with the Father did, when the fullness of time was come, fake upon him man's nature,¹¹⁹¹¹¹⁹¹ John i. 1, 14; 1 John v. 20; Phil. ii. 6; Gal. iv. 4. with all the essential properties and common infirmities thereof, yet without sin:¹¹⁹²¹¹⁹² Heb. ii. 14, 16, 17; iv. 15. being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the Virgin Mary, of her substance.¹¹⁹³¹¹⁹³ Luke i. 27, 31, 35; Gal. iv. 4. So that two whole, perfect, and distinct natures, the Godhead and the manhood, were inseparably joined together	II. Filius Dei persona secunda in Trinitate, verus nempe idem æternusque Deus, substantiæ cum Patre unius ejusdemque, eique coæqualis, cum advenerat temporis plenitudo, assumpsit naturam humanam,¹¹⁹⁴¹¹⁹⁴ John i. 1, 14; 1 John v. 20; Phil. ii. 6; Gal. iv. 4. una cum omnibus ejus proprietatibus essentialibus, communibusque infirmitatibus, immunem tamen a peccato,¹¹⁹⁵¹¹⁹⁵ Heb. ii. 14, 16, 17; iv. 15. conceptus scilicet in utero eque substantia Mariæ Virginis,¹¹⁹⁶¹¹⁹⁶ Luke i. 27, 31, 35; Gal. iv. 4. virtute Spiritus Sancti. Adeo sane ut naturæ duæ, integræ, perfectæ, distinctæque Deitas ac humanitas in una eademque

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in one person, without conversion, composition, or confusion.¹¹⁹⁷¹¹⁹⁷ Luke i. 35; Col. ii. 9; Rom. ix. 5; 1 Pet. iii. 18; 1 Tim. iii. 16. Which person is very God and very man, yet one Christ, the only mediator between God and man.¹¹⁹⁸¹¹⁹⁸ Rom. i. 3, 4; 1 Tim. ii. 5.	persona indissolubili nexu conjunctæ fuerint, sine conversione, compositione, aut confusione.¹¹⁹⁹¹¹⁹⁹ Luke i. 35; Col. ii. 9; Rom. ix. 5; 1 Pet. iii. 18; 1 Tim. iii. 16. Quæ quidem persona vere Deus est ac vere homo, unus tamen Christus, unicus inter Deum et hominem Mediator.¹²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰ Rom. i. 3, 4; 1 Tim. ii. 5.
III. The Lord Jesus, in his human nature thus united to the divine, was sanctified and anointed with the Holy Spirit above measure;¹²⁰¹¹²⁰¹ Psa. xlv. 7; John iii. 34. having in him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge,¹²⁰²¹²⁰² Col. ii. 3. in whom it pleased the Father that all fullness should dwell;¹²⁰³¹²⁰³ Col. i. 19. to the end that, being holy, harmless, undefiled, and full of grace and truth,¹²⁰⁴¹²⁰⁴ Heb. vii. 26; John i. 14. he might be thoroughly furnished to execute the office of a mediator and surety.¹²⁰⁵¹²⁰⁵ Acts x. 38; Heb. xii. 24; vii. 22. Which office he took not unto himself, but was thereunto called by his Father,¹²⁰⁶¹²⁰⁶ Heb. v. 4, 5. who put all power and judgment into his hand, and gave him commandment to execute the same.¹²⁰⁷¹²⁰⁷ John v. 22, 27; Matt. xxviii. 18; Acts ii. 36.	III. Dominus Jesus in humana sua natura divinæ hunc modum conjuncta sanctificatus est, ac Spiritu sancto supra mensuram unctus,¹²⁰⁸¹²⁰⁸ Psa. xlv. 7; John iii. 34. in se habens omnes sapientiæ notitiæqum thesauros;¹²⁰⁹¹²⁰⁹ Col. ii. 3. in quo Patri visum est ut omnis plenitudo inhabitaret,¹²¹⁰¹²¹⁰ Col. i. 19. atque eo quidem fine ut sanctus, innocuus, intaminatus, plenusque gratiæ ac veritatis existens,¹²¹¹¹²¹¹ Heb. vii. 26; John i. 14. ad Mediatoris Vadisque munus exequendum perfecte esset instructus.¹²¹²¹²¹² Acts x. 38; Heb. xii. 24; vii. 22. Quod ille officium non arripuit sibi, verum a Patre erat ad id vocatus,¹²¹³¹²¹³ Heb. v. 4, 5. qui omnem ei potestatem ac judicium in manus dedit, und cum mandato exercendi.¹²¹⁴¹²¹⁴ John v. 22, 27; Matt. xxviii. 18; Acts ii. 36.
IV. This office the Lord Jesus did most willingly undertake,¹²¹⁵¹²¹⁵ Psa. xl. 7, 8; Heb. x. 5–10; John x. 18; Phil. ii. 8. which, that he might discharge, he was made under the law,¹²¹⁶¹²¹⁶ Gal. iv. 4. and did perfectly fulfill it;¹²¹⁷¹²¹⁷ Matt. iii. 15; v. 17. endured most grievous torments immediately in his soul,¹²¹⁸¹²¹⁸ Matt. xxvi. 37, 38; Luke xxii. 44; Matt. xxvii. 46.	IV. Hoc munus promtissima voluntate in se suscepit Dominus Jesus,¹²¹⁹¹²¹⁹ Psa. xl. 7, 8; Heb. x. 5–10; John x. 18; Phil. ii. 8. quod ut expleret factus est sub Lege,¹²²⁰¹²²⁰ Gal. iv. 4. eam perfecte implevit,¹²²¹¹²²¹ Matt. iii. 15; v. 17. immediate in anima,¹²²²¹²²² Matt. xxvi. 37, 38; Luke xxii. 44; Matt. xxvii. 46. sua gravissimos subiit cruciatus, in corpore¹²²³¹²²³ Matt., chaps. xxvi. xxvii.

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and most painful sufferings in his body;¹²²⁴¹²²⁴ Matt., chaps. xxvi. xxvii. was crucified, and died;¹²²⁶¹²²⁶ Phil. ii. 8. was buried, and remained under the power of death, yet saw no corruption.¹²²⁷¹²²⁷ Acts ii. 23, 24, 27; xiii. 37; Rom. vi. 9. On the third day he arose from the dead,¹²²⁸¹²²⁸ 1 Cor. xv. 3, 4. with the same body in which he suffered;¹²²⁹¹²²⁹ John xx. 25, 27. with which also he ascended into heaven, and there sitteth at the right hand of his Father,¹²³⁰¹²³⁰ Mark xvi. 19. making intercession;¹²³¹¹²³¹ Rom. viii. 34; Heb. ix. 24; vii. 25. and shall return to judge men and angels at the end of the world.¹²³²¹²³² Rom. xiv. 9, 10; Acts i. 11; x. 42; Matt. xiii. 40–42; Jude 6; 2 Pet. ii. 4.	vero perpessiones quam maxime dolorificas; crucifixus est, ac mortuus;¹²³³¹²³³ Phil. ii. 8. sepultus est, mansitque sub mortis potestate; nec tamen ullam vidit corruptionem.¹²³⁴¹²³⁴ Acts ii. 23, 24, 27; xiii. 37; Rom. vi. 9. Tertio die surrexit a mortuis,¹²³⁵¹²³⁵ 1 Cor. xv. 3, 4. cum eodem in quo passus fuerat corpore,¹²³⁶¹²³⁶ John xx. 25, 27. cum quo etiam ascendit in cœlum, ibique sedens ad dextram Patris¹²³⁷¹²³⁷ Mark xvi. 19. intercedit,¹²³⁸¹²³⁸ Rom. viii. 34; Heb. ix. 24; vii. 25. rediturus inde in consummatione mundi, ad homines angelosque judicandum.¹²³⁹¹²³⁹ Rom. xiv. 9, 10; Acts i. 11; x. 42; Matt. xiii. 40–42; Jude 6; 2 Pet. ii. 4.
V. The Lord Jesus, by his perfect obedience and sacrifice of himself, which he through the eternal Spirit once offered up unto God, hath fully satisfied the justice of his Father,¹²⁴⁰¹²⁴⁰ Rom. v. 19; Heb. ix. 14, 16; x. 14; Eph. v. 2; Rom. iii. 25, 26. and purchased not only reconciliation, but an everlasting inheritance in the kingdom of heaven, for all those whom the Father hath given unto him.¹²⁴¹¹²⁴¹ Dan. ix. 24, 26; Col. i. 19, 20; Eph. i. 11, 14; John xvii. 2; Heb. ix. 12, 15.	V. Dominus Jesus obedientia sua perfecta, suique ipsius sacrificio; quod per æternum Spiritum Deo semel obtulit, justitiæ Patris plene satisfecit,¹²⁴²¹²⁴² Rom. v. 19; Heb. ix. 14, 16; x. 14; Eph. v. 2; Rom. iii. 25, 26. ac omnibus ei a Patre datis non modo reconciliationem; verum etiam æternam hæreditatem in regno cœlorum acquisivit.¹²⁴³¹²⁴³ Dan. ix. 24, 26; Col. i. 19, 20; Eph. i. 11, 14; John xvii. 2; Heb. ix. 12, 15.
VI. Although the work of redemption was not actually wrought by Christ till after his incarnation, yet the virtue, efficacy, and benefits thereof were communicated unto the elect, in all ages successively from the beginning of the world, in and by those promises, types,	VI. Quamvis redemptionis opus non nisi post incarnationem ejus, a Christo quidem actu effectum fuerit, vis tamen ejus, efficacia, et beneficia per omnia iam inde a mundi primordiis elapsa secula electis sunt communicata, in et per promissiones illas, typos, et sacrifica,

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and sacrifices, wherein he was revealed, and signified to be the seed of the woman which should bruise the serpent's head, and the lamb slain from the beginning of the world, being yesterday and today the same and forever.¹²⁴⁴¹²⁴⁴ Gal. iv. 4, 5; Gen. iii. 15; Rev. xiii. 8; Heb. xiii. 8.	quibus revelatum erat et significatum hunc esse semen illud mulieris, quod contriturum erat serpentis caput, agnumque illum mactatum ab initio mundi; ut qui heri ac hodie idem est et in sempiternum.¹²⁴⁵¹²⁴⁵ Gal. iv. 4, 5; Gen. iii. 15; Rev. xiii. 8; Heb. xiii. 8.
VII. Christ, in the work of mediation, acteth according to both natures; by each nature doing that which is proper to itself;¹²⁴⁶¹²⁴⁶ Heb. ix. 14; 1 Pet. iii. 18. yet, by reason of the unity of the person, that which is proper to one nature is sometimes, in Scripture, attributed to the person denominated by the other nature.¹²⁴⁷¹²⁴⁷ Acts xx. 28; John iii. 13; 1 John iii. 16.	VII. Christus in opere Mediatorio agit secundum utramque naturam, id agens per utramvis, quod eidem proprium est,¹²⁴⁸¹²⁴⁸ Heb. ix. 14; 1 Pet. iii. 18. nonnunquam tamen fit propter personæ unitatem ut quod uni naturæ proprium est, personæ ab altera natura denominatæ in Scriptura tribuatur.¹²⁴⁹¹²⁴⁹ Acts xx. 28; John iii. 13; 1 John iii. 16.
VIII. To all those for whom Christ hath purchased redemption he doth certainly and effectually apply and communicate the same;¹²⁵⁰¹²⁵⁰ John vi. 37, 39; x. 15, 16. making intercession for them,¹²⁵¹¹²⁵¹ 1 John ii. 1, 2; Rom. viii. 34. and revealing unto them, in and by the Word, the mysteries of salvation;¹²⁵²¹²⁵² John xv. 13, 15; Eph. i. 7–9; John xvii. 6. effectually persuading them by his Spirit to believe and obey; and governing their hearts by his Word and Spirit;¹²⁵³¹²⁵³ John xiv. 16; Heb. xii. 2; 2 Cor. iv. 13; Rom. viii. 9, 14; xv. 18, 19; John xvii. 17. overcoming all their enemies by his almighty power and wisdom, in such manner and ways as are most consonant to his wonderful and unsearchable dispensation.¹²⁵⁴¹²⁵⁴ Psa. cx. 1; 1 Cor. xv. 25, 26; Mal. iv. 2, 3; Col. ii. 15.	VIII. Pro quibus Christus redemptionem acquisivit, iis omnibus certo quidem ac efficaciter eam applicat impertitque,¹²⁵⁵¹²⁵⁵ John vi. 37, 39; x. 15, 16. pro eis intercedens,¹²⁵⁶¹²⁵⁶ 1 John ii. 1, 2; Rom. viii. 34. eisque in verbo et per verbum revelans mysterium salutis,¹²⁵⁷¹²⁵⁷ John xv. 13, 15; Eph. i. 7–9; John xvii. 6. per Spiritum suum eis ut credere velint ac obedire persuadens efficaciter,¹²⁵⁸¹²⁵⁸ John xiv. 16; Heb. xii. 2; 2 Cor. iv. 13; Rom. viii. 9, 14; xv. 18, 19; John xvii. 17. eorumque gubernans corda verbo suo spirituque; sed et vi sua omnipotenti, ac sapientia debellans omnes eorum hostes, iis autem modis mediisque quæ admirabili et inscrutabili ejus dispensationi sunt maxime consentanea.¹²⁵⁹¹²⁵⁹ Psa. cx. 1; 1 Cor. xv. 25, 26; Mal. iv. 2, 3; Col. ii. 15.

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Chapter III.	Cap. III.
Of Free-will.	De libero arbitrio.
I. God hath endued the will of man with that natural liberty, that ¹²⁶⁰¹²⁶⁰[Am. ed. inserts it.]is neither forced nor by any absolute necessity of nature determined to good or evil.¹²⁶¹¹²⁶¹ Matt. xvii. 12; James i. 14; Deut. xxx. 19; [Am. ed. John v. 40].	I. Eam humanæ voluntati naturalem Deus indidit libertatem, ut nec cogatur unquam, neque absoluta ulla naturæ necessitate ad bonum aut malum determinetur.¹²⁶²¹²⁶² Matt. xvii. 12; James i. 14; Deut. xxx. 19; [Am. ed. John v. 40].
II. Man, in his state of innocency, had freedom and power to will and to do that which is good and well-pleasing to God, but yet mutably, so that he might fall from it.¹²⁶³¹²⁶³ Gen. ii. 16, 17; iii. 6.	II. Homo in statu innocentiæ libertatem habuit ac potentiam, quod bonum erat Deoque gratum volendi agendique;¹²⁶⁴¹²⁶⁴ Eccles. vii. 29; Gen. i. 26. mutabiliter tamen, ita ut illa potuerit excidere.¹²⁶⁵¹²⁶⁵ Gen. ii. 16, 17; iii. 6.
III. Man, by his fall into a state of sin, hath wholly lost all ability of will to any spiritual good accompanying salvation;¹²⁶⁶¹²⁶⁶ Rom. v. 6; viii. 7; John xv. 5. so as a natural man, being altogether averse from that good,¹²⁶⁷¹²⁶⁷ Rom. iii. 10, 12. and dead in sin,¹²⁶⁸¹²⁶⁸ Eph. ii. 1, 5; Col. ii. 13. is not able, by his own strength, to convert himself, or to prepare himself thereunto.¹²⁶⁹¹²⁶⁹ John vi. 44, 65; 1 Cor. ii. 14; Eph. ii. 2–5; Titus iii. 3–5.	III. Homo per lapsum suum in statum peccati, potentiam omnem quam habuerat voluntas ejus ad bonum aliquod spirituals et saluti contiguum amisit penitus;¹²⁷⁰¹²⁷⁰ Rom. v. 6; viii. 7; John xv. 5. adeo sane ut naturalis homo, utpote ab ejusmodi bono abhorrens prorsus,¹²⁷¹¹²⁷¹ Rom. iii. 10, 12. ac in peccato mortuus,¹²⁷²¹²⁷² Eph. ii. 1, 5; Col. ii. 13. non possit unquam suis ipsius viribus convertere semet, sed ne quidem ad conversionem se vel præparare.¹²⁷³¹²⁷³ John vi. 44, 65; 1 Cor. ii. 14; Eph. ii. 2–5; Titus iii. 3–5.
IV. When God converts a sinner, and translates him into the state of grace, he freeth him from his natural bondage under sin,¹²⁷⁴¹²⁷⁴ Col. i. 13; John viii. 34, 36. and by his grace alone enables him freely to will and to do that which is spiritually good;¹²⁷⁵¹²⁷⁵ Phil. ii. 13; Rom. vi. 18, 22. yet so	IV. Quandocunque Deus convertit ac in statum gratiæ transfert peccatorem, eundem eximit naturali sua sub peccato servitute,¹²⁷⁶¹²⁷⁶ Col. i. 13; John viii. 34, 36. solaque gratia sua potentem reddit ad spirituale bonum volendum præstandumque;¹²⁷⁷¹²⁷⁷ Phil. ii. 13; Rom. vi. 18, 22. ita tamen ut propter

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as that, by reason of his remaining corruption, he doth not perfectly, nor only, will that which is good, but doth also will that which is evil.¹²⁷⁸¹²⁷⁸

Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches.

THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH. A.D. 1647.

Confessio Fidei Westmonasteriensis.