Romans Verse-by-Verse

CHAPTER THREE

The Jews had God’s Oracles—a Great Advantage: their Unfaithfulness Proves, not Hinders, God’s Just Judgment. Verses 1-8.

Sweeping Fourteen-fold Indictment from Old Testament Scriptures: All Men, Jews and Gentiles, Brought in Guilty before God; and so All Mouths Stopped. Verses 9-20.

Grace, However, for the Guilty! God’s Righteousness by Another Way than Law-through Faith in Jesus Christ. Verses 21-31.

OR TO PARAPHRASE this passage: “What preeminence then (if both Jewhood and circumcision are spiritual and inward only) hath the Jew? Or what has the Divine ordinance of circumcision amounted to? Much in every respect! But first and foremost that to that nation the oracles of God were entrusted. For what if some were faithless (to that trust)? Shall their faithlessness render inoperative the faithfulness of God (in carrying out those oracles)? Far be the thought! Yea, let God be found true, and every man, Gentile and Jew (found) false; as it is written (and that by king David, himself, confessing blood-guiltiness):

‘That Thou mightest be justified in Thy words,

And mightest prevail when Thou are judged (by

sinful man as to the justice of Thy ways.’)

“But (it is further objected) if the unrighteousness of us Jews has proved and publicly commended the righteousness of God both as to His holy nature and’ as to His truth—(for He plainly prophesied Israel would sin) can we not say that God would be unrighteous to visit us Jews with wrath? (I am speaking thus,—though with horror—because it is the way men talk). Now away with the thought!⁵⁰⁵⁰The Greek expression mē-genoita, translated in both A. V, and R. V. “God forbid,” does not contain the name of God, and should not be so translated. It amounts to “Banish the thought!” Literally, it is, “Be it not so!” or, “Let it not be conceived of!” Paul uses it frequently,—as much as nine or ten times in this Epistle—to denote instant and horrified rejection of a conception. For how then (if it were unrighteous for God to visit a Jew with wrath) could God judge the WORLD? (as He indeed will). But (the Jewish objector continues) if the truth of God through my falsity has abounded unto His glory, why am I still judged as a sinner? and why not (since our Jewish evil-doings have in the past been made by God to bring about good)—why not keep doing evil that good may come? They are even slanderously reporting our teaching this awful doctrine!—because we preach righteousness by grace and faith and not by good works. The condemnation of those who bring such arguments is self-evident, and on the very face of it, is just!”

Now to us, at this end of the dispensation, this insistence of God upon moral reality before Him of all, including the Jews themselves, “seems simplicity itself; but it was not so simple to those whom it seemed to strip of all their special and Divinely bestowed privileges.” Paul assuredly tells us, in this third chapter, that there is “no distinction” before God between Jews and Gentiles as regards sinner-hood, but he will meet those objections which would arise (vv. 1-8) based in the Jew’s mind on (a) the peculiar position of privilege given by God to Israel as Jehovah’s separate people; and on (b) the righteous character of God Himself as conceived of by the Jew in his privileged position. These objections⁵¹⁵¹   Probably Alford is right in viewing these objecting questions “not as coming from an objector, but as asked by the apostle himself anticipating the thought of his reader.” I would suggest, however, that the questions beginning in this manner in verse 1 proceed to Paul’s thinking Jew-wise in verse 5, and finally, in verse 7, quoting verbally what a Jew (not Paul) would say. This whole passage is generally regarded as one of the most difficult in the whole Epistle. But it will, as we spend work upon it, repay us, Bunyan says: “Hard texts are nuts—I would not call them cheaters: Whose shells do ofttimes keep them from the eaters.” are specious and daring—next to blasphemous: but they must be answered.

The importance of this great passage cannot be overestimated, for if the Jew as that end of the dispensation, or any “religious” person at this end, be allowed to plead special privilege or light as exempting him from judgment, he will spiritually (of course not actually) escape the general sentence of verse 19, where “all the world” is brought under the judgment of God. If a man escapes in spirit from God’s pronouncement of “guilty,” he will never truly rely upon the shed blood of the Guilt-Bearer, Christ!

Now there are three Jewish questions raised in this passage:

Question I

Verses 1 to 4: What advantage⁵²⁵²We know that in this dispensation of Grace some Jewish “advantages” become actually a hindrance to one desiring to enter all Divine blessing wholly on grace grounds. This is set forth by Paul in Philippians 3:4-7 ff. There he enumerates seven natural advantages, of which, curiously, circumcision is the first mentioned, zealous persecution of the Church the sixth, and outward legal blamelessness the seventh! These were on the profit side (Greek, literally, “gains” side), of Paul’s ledger, but he transferred them to the “loss” side: “What things were gains to me, these have I counted loss for Christ.” or preeminence has the Jew and circumcision?

Answer: That nation was entrusted with the oracles of God—inestimable, eternal advantage! despite their unfaithfulness. Every writer of the Bible is, we believe from this, an Israelite. Jewish faithlessness could not annul God’s faithfulness in carrying out those oracles (whether of promise, prophecy, or judgment). God must be found true, though every man be false (to whatever God entrusts to him). Paul instances David’s most humble confession and ascription of righteousness to God, after David’s own great sin had shown David himself faithless to the royal covenant Jehovah had committed to him.

Alford well says: “Because they have broken faith on their part, shall God break faith also on His? Rather let us believe all men on earth to have broken their word and troth, than God His. Whatever becomes of men and their truth, His truth must stand fast.”

The “faithlessness” here of the Jew is not his failure to believe God’s oracles. (That subject Paul takes up in Chapters 9 to 11.) What is here before us, is the Jew’s attitude toward the great primary privilege and responsibility of that nation as the depositary of the Divine oracles. In verse 5, Paul makes the Jews call their conduct “our unrighteousness.” It consisted in:

1. National disobedience to God’s oracles from Sinai onward.

2. Such neglect of these oracles, that at times (as in Josiah’s day), a single copy of the Law was a rarity!

3. Pride, however, over their position as the possessors of these oracles,⁵³⁵³   “As to the expression, “God’s oracles” (Gr. logia) we quote: Olshausen: “No doubt in the first place the promises (Acts 7:38; I Pet. 4:11, etc.), and indeed especially those of the Messiah and the kingdom of God, to which all others were related . . . but the whole Word of God is also indicated by this expression. The Divine promises were confided to the Jews, since in what follows it is just this faithlessness (apistia) in the possession of these promises which is spoken of. The mention is made of Divine faithfulness (pistia) only in connection with this faithlessness.”
   Tholuck; “Oracles (logia) here are primarily, Divine declarations; hence, particularly, promises and prophecies.”
   Alford: “Not only the law of Moses, but all the revelation of God hitherto made of Himself directly, all of which had been entrusted to Jews only.”
   Meyer: “Paul means the Holy Scriptures and especially the prophecies of the Messiah and the kingdom. These are not destroyed by the Jews’ unbelief.” even to the despising of nations that had them not, instead of ministering them to others (as Psalm 67 shows was Israel’s real business).

4. Appalling ignorance of the spiritual meaning of the Divine oracles, and of the “voices of their prophets,” so they even killed the Righteous One! (Acts 13:27).

Question II

Verses 5 and 6: If God makes use of human sin to set forth His glory (as He will) would it not be unrighteous to punish that sin with wrath? Here Paul enters into the Jewish consciousness: “If our unrighteous Jewish history has commended the righteousness of God, what shall we say? God went right on fulfilling what His oracles said, despite the unfaithfulness of us to whom they had been committed, and, in fact, by means of our sinful Jewish history God’s prophecies concerning our disobedience were fulfilled before the whole world, from Moses on.”

Read here Deuteronomy 31:14 to 32:47. For it is about Israel that Deuteronomy 32:35 to 47 is written. The Jew, knowing well his past disobedient history, yet holds fast to his national place of outward favor, resisting Paul’s word of Chapter Two, “He is not a Jew that is one outwardly”; and daring to regard God as “unrighteous” who would “visit with wrath” individuals of His favored nation—for they had only carried out God’s predictions!

Paul, in even bringing up such a question as God’s acting unrighteously in visiting disobedient Israelites with wrath, instantly puts in the reverent parenthesis: “I speak after the manner of men”; as, “putting himself in the place of the generality of men, and using an argument such as they would use.”

Answer: “Far be such a thought! for then (if God should be unrighteous in visiting a Jew with wrath) how shall God judge the world?” The Judge of all the earth will do right, and He will judge the whole world (Acts 17:31) which involves the infliction of wrath upon any and all impenitent, as all Scripture shows.

Note that Paul assumes, and so do even these cavillers, that there will be a day of judgment: “God who visiteth with wrath.” What the apostle is attacking is the false hopes of men to evade that judgment. Christ has been judged and smitten in our stead. But, alas, how a man hates to come to the cross as one “to whom that stroke was due” (Isa. 53:8). But if you manage to escape conviction of sin, and thus miss personal faith in the Crucified One, you will go to hell forever.

Question III

Verses 7 and 8: “If God’s truth (as to His warnings and promises) was enhanced through my falsity—if He got glory through my (Jewish) sin, why does He find fault with me as a sinner?” Here the very words of the resisting Jew are, as it were, quoted.

Answer: While such cavilling Paul will not deign to answer (for it answers itself!) Paul does return into the gainsaying Jews’ teeth the constant slander against salvation by grace,—that it led to license: “The condemnation of such trifling is just! For it is evident both to the hearer and to the asker of such a question that doing evil that good may come, does not change the character of the evil, nor take away its guilt from him who commits it.”

“Slander” against the gospel of grace is still going on, and will go on until the Lord comes in righteousness. Moule well says, “The mighty paradox of justification (without works) lent itself easily to the distortions, as well as to the contradictions, of sinners. ‘Let us do evil that good may come’ no doubt represented the report which prejudice and bigotry would regularly carry away and spread after every discourse and every argument about free forgiveness. It is so still: ‘If this is true, we may live as we like’; ‘If this is true, then the vilest sinner makes the best saint.’”⁵⁴⁵⁴“Godet says: “God cannot become guilty of any wrong toward any being whatever. Now this is what He seems to do to the sinner, when He at once condemns and makes use of him.”

The Jews, deluded by pride, and falsely basing God’s favor to their nation upon their own deserts, absolved themselves from judgment. Judgment they relegated to the “goyim,” the “ethnē,” the Gentiles. Paul himself shows the Jewish consciousness in his rebuke to Peter in Gal. 2: “We being Jews by nature, and not sinners of the Gentiles.” And the Pharisees said even of the common, non-religious sinners of the Jewish nation: “This multitude that knoweth not the Law, are accursed!” (John 7:49).

But if we, professing Christians, consign this whole passage to the Jew, we fall directly into the same terrible trap. Whole multitudes today in Christendom, sheltered in their imagination by the fact that they have “joined” some church, resent the very doctrines that Paul here insists on. Thousands of so-called “church-members” not only have never been brought under real conviction of sin and guilt and personal danger, but rise in anger like the Jews of Paul’s day when one preaches their danger directly to them!

Now if God paid no attention whatever to the claim of the Jew to be exempt from judgment because he was a Jew, neither will He pay any attention to the claim of the “Baptist” or “Presbyterian,” “Episcopalian” or “Methodist,”—as such. For all men are alike guilty, common sinners! What avails before a holy God the special religious names sinners may call themselves? This book of Romans will do you and me no good if we apply it to Jews or Mormons only!

Verse 9: What then?—in view of all said of the Jews from Chapter 2.17 to Chapter 3.8.

Are we Jews superior (as we generally think ourselves to be to them—that is, to the Gentiles?) Not at all! Paul here speaks as a Jew,—in sympathy with the Jewish nation, indeed, but rejecting wholly their boast of superiority, in view of the great general indictment of the whole human race, that began in this Epistle at Chapter 1.18 and continues to Chapter 3.20. This is what he means by having before laid to the charge both of Jews and Greeks, that they are all under sin. “To be under sin means to be under the power of sin, to be sinners, whether the idea of guilt, just exposure to condemnation, or of pollution, or both, be conveyed by the expression” (Hodge).

Now this expression “under sin” is a remarkable and unusual one. We need to note the same expression and context in Galatians 3:22: “The Scripture shut up all things under sin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.” “All things under sin” is a larger expression than “guilty of sin,” or, “in bondage to sin.” It is a general state described, as of convicts in a prison, or disease-stricken people “under quarantine.” An even stronger expression concerning human beings, Gentiles or Jews, asserts: “God hath shut up all unto disobedience, that He might have mercy upon all” (11:32); and the words, “The Scripture shut up all things under sin, that the promise . . . might be given,” bear out this fact. Moule says, “Being brought under sin, (as the Greek bids us more exactly render), giving us the thought that the race has fallen from a good estate into an evil.”

That the Jews and Greeks alike, that is, the whole world, are “under sin,” is next abundantly shown by Paul from seven Old Testament Scriptures. It will not do to say, as do some, that since the Scriptures were given only to the Jews, therefore the Jews only are in view here, in verses 10 to 18. For we read in Psalm 14, the very first Scripture here quoted:

“Jehovah looked down from heaven upon the children of men, To see if there were any that did understand.”

“Children of men” is a wider term than Jews. Furthermore, Romans 3:9, which begins this great arraignment, includes both Jews and Greeks as being “all under sin.” This, therefore, is a world-wide indictment.

FOURTEEN HORRIBLE THINGS ABOUT ALL MEN

We shall find God speaking, in these fourteen counts,⁵⁵⁵⁵   This awful list of fourteen facts about the human race, quoted from the Old Testament Scriptures, describes, of course, humanity as it is by nature. Therefore if we have believed the gospel, and are thus righteous before God in Christ, we have double reason to study these truths: first, that we may by understanding the facts, as God sees them, about ourselves, have a correct estimate of humanity, which, of course, unenlightened men never gain; and, second, that we may be constantly moved to give praise to God for His measureless grace that reached even such as we were!
   Meyer’s outline of verses 10 to 18 is: “(1) A state of sin generally (verses 10-12); (2) practices of sin in words (verses 13-14); in deeds (verses 15-17); and (3) the sinful source of the whole (verse 18).”
   Haldane thus sums them up: “The first of them, verse 10, prefers the general charge of unrighteousness; the second, verses 11 to 12, marks the internal character, or disorders of the heart; third, verses 13 to 14, those of the words; the fourth, verses 15 to 17, those of the actions; the last, verse 18, declares the cause “of the whole.” first, as a Judge: verses 10 to 12; next, as a Physician: verses 13 to 15; and third, as a Divine Historian: verses 16 to 18.

I

First, then, as a Judge God describes man’s condition:

Verse 10: To begin with, There is none righteous [before God], no, not one (Ps. 14:1; 53:1; Job 9:2; Eccl. 7:20). No human being has in himself ever been righteous. Even Adam was not righteous: he was innocent—not knowing good and evil. Let us put far from our minds the fond falsehoods of philosophy, science, and human “religions,” that there have been men of our race who have attained to a standing before God in righteousness.

Verse 11: Next, There is none that understandeth [Divine things]. We have added the words “Divine things” even in the Scripture text, because this verb (suniēmi) translated “understandeth” is one of those words which God reserves in Scripture unto a peculiar meaning. (See footnote on 1:31.) Note its use in Matthew 13:13,14,15,19,23,51, as, for instance, verse 19: “When anyone heareth the word of the kingdom and understandeth It not.” It is used twenty-six times in the New Testament, the last time in Ephesians 5:17: “Understand what the will of the Lord is.” Now humanity, by nature, “understands” nothing of God. Men think they do, and write vast books on the subject; but God’s sentence remains: “There is none that understandeth.” “In the wisdom of God the world through its wisdom knew not God.” Believe just that: it is true.

The third of these solemn counts is, There is none that: seeketh after God. You say, How can this be possible in view of pagan lands filled with temples, and worshipers thronging them? God’s answer is: “The things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons, and not to God” (I Cor. 10:20).

Adam, sinning, turned his back and fled from a holy God. God had to take the place of the seeker: “Adam, where art thou?” So it has ever been. No human being has ever sought the holy God. Conscious of his creature weakness, and also of responsibility and guilt, and filled with terrors of conscience, or terrors directly demon-wrought; or perhaps under the delusion that some “god” (really, demon) might grant him this or that favor, man has built his temples and conducts his worship. Banish from your mind the idea that any human being has ever had a holy thought, or love for a holy God, in his natural heart! Grace “praeveniens et efficax” (grace “prevenient and efficacious”) is the old phrase expressing the truth that God Himself takes the place of the seeker, convicter, persuader, giver, and final perfecter of all man’s salvation. His sovereign grace goes ahead of, and brings into being, all human response to God.

The fourth solemn count is that of universal human apostasy: They all abandoned the way [of God]. The same Greek word is used only twice elsewhere in the New Testament: “Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them that are causing the divisions and occasions of stumbling, contrary to the doctrine which ye learned: and turn away from them” says Paul (Chapter 16:17). The separation was to be absolute, and of choice. And in I Peter 3:11, the saints are told (quoting Psalm 34): “Turn away from evil, and do good,”—again a direct choice. In Psalm 14:3 it is: “They are all gone aside”; and in Psalm 53:3: “Every one of them is gone back.” To Israel it was said: “Ye shall observe to do therefore as Jehovah your God hath commanded you” (Deut. 5:32). But Isaiah speaks of them (and we know the application becomes universal): “All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way” (Isa. 53:6); while Malachi in the closing sad message of the Old Testament bewails: “Ye are turned aside out of the way” (2:8).

To understand Romans 3:12, we must conceive of a race of creatures turned out of God’s way, as really as are Satan’s angels, or the demons. The whole race of man is by nature in that awful case!

As a result you have the fifth count: They are together become unprofitable.⁵⁶⁵⁶It is striking how God uses the aorist tense here and in the previous count. The race is looked at from Adam down, and as partaking of his guilt, and wilfully in his path. Note also hemarton of verse 23: “all sinned, and are [as a result] falling short,” We shall note this word further, in Chapter 5:12. The human race is useless, and worse than useless, to God. This word translated “unprofitable” was used by the Greeks concerning rotten fruit, or whatever was utterly, irrevocably bad, and therefore useless. Ask any housewife what can be done with rotten fruit! In Psalms 14:3 and 53:1, from which this is quoted, it is translated “become filthy.” Unless we hold firmly in mind these statements of truth concerning humanity, we shall fail to see what man is, and so what God’s grace sets before him.

The sixth count is, There is none that practiseth goodness, no, not so much as one. Corruption rather than holiness, selfishness rather than goodness, cruelty rather than kindness, is the way of apostate mankind everywhere. Thus declares the Judge who looks upon men as they are.

II

Verse 13: Next, God speaks as the all-wise, holy Physician, in diagnosis: Their throat is an open sepulchre. Doctors always insist first on looking down our throats: and we all know that the throat and tongue denote the state of health. There could be nothing more horrible than what we have here: death, decay, moral stench, and that not hidden, but open! Unhidden, unashamed putridity:—thus a holy God describes the throat of every one of us by nature! As Bishop Howe says: “Emitting the noisome exhalations of a putrid heart.” We must remember we are here seeing man through God’s all-holy eyes.

With their tongues they have been using deceit [since man’s fall]. The verb is in the imperfect tense, which denotes the habitual practice of the human race. This includes your tongue and mine, reader. But the case is still worse; for the Physician continues:

The venom of asps is under their lips: The fangs of a deadly serpent lie, ordinarily, folded back in its upper jaw, but when it throws up its head to strike, those hollow fangs drop down, and when the serpent bites, the fangs press a sack of deadly poison hidden “under its lips,” at the root, thus injecting the venom into the wound. You and I were born with moral poison-sacks like this. And how people do claim the right to strike others with their venom-words! to use their snake-fangs!

Verse 14: Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness (Ps. 10:7) : To prove this, you need only take your stand upon any street, and strike upon the mouth a passerby. As well strike a hornets’ nest! How men do curse others! Bitterness is ever ready! What fearful folly for a race speaking thus to imagine that by “being baptized,” and “joining the church” they are ready to “go to heaven,” and be in the holy company on high, with the meek and lowly Son of God and the holy angels,—and all this without a thought of being forgiven, washed, born again!

Verse 15: Their feet are swift to shed blood (Isa. 59:7): I saw a child under two years raise its puny fist against another, crying, “I’ll kill ’oo!” Murder is so common, now, that new hideous expressions are invented: “I’ll get him”; “Bump him off”; “Put him on the spot”; “Take him for a ride”; or, as the awful Communistic phrase puts it, “Liquidate him.” When the restraining grace of God is withdrawn, it will be given to the Red Horse Sitter “to take peace from the earth, and that they should slay one another” (Rev. 6:4). Men’s feet, like tigers’, are ready and swift for blood-shedding: “For further details, read your daily papers!”

III

Third, God speaks as the All-seeing Historian of fallen man:

Verse 16: Destruction and misery are in their ways (Isa. 59:7). What an epitome of human history. It is said that the ancient Troy of which Homer sang was built upon the ruins of an earlier Troy,—and that seven other Troys, each constructed upon the ruins of a former, have been found! As Meyer vividly renders: “Where they go is desolations (fragments) and misery (which they produce).” Those who so loudly proclaim that the human race is “improving,” “progressing,” are blind deceivers,—blind to history, blind to present day facts, blind to the rising tide of human violence. “As it was in the days of Noah,” our Lord said, “so shall be the coming of the Son of Man.” In those days of Noah the earth became “full of violence” (Gen. 6:11).

Verse 17: And the way of peace they have not known. (Isa. 59:8). It is a terrible thing God here reveals, that not one of the human race knows, or is by nature pursuing, the path of peace. It does not seem to me that the Spirit of God speaks here of that peace with God on the ground of accepted sacrifice which Chapter 5:1 describes (and which is always a direct revelation of God to the soul), but rather in consistence with the context and with the passage in Isa. 59:8 from which it is drawn: “The way of peace they know not;⁵⁷⁵⁷This ignorance, of course, is itself a matter of guilt, as is abundantly shown in Leviticus 4:2, 13, 22, 27: “If any of the people of the land sin unwittingly in doing anything . . . and be guilty.” and there is no justice in their goings: they have made them crooked paths; whosoever goeth therein doth not know peace.” The unregenerate man does not know, follow, or really desire to know the way of wisdom, all whose paths are peace (Prov. 3:17). Thomas Scott well says: “They know not the ways in which godly men walk, at peace with God and their neighbors; and so they go on in those paths which lead to misery and ruin both to themselves and to each other.”

Verse 18: There is no fear of God before their eyes (Ps. 36:1). This last is the most awful count of all, and explains all the others. “To fear God consists in having such a due sense of the majesty and holiness and justice and goodness of God, as shall make us thoroughly fearful to offend Him. For each of these attributes of God is proper to raise a suitable fear in every Christian mind.”

A friend once pointed out to me a champion prize-fighter of America, and I heard another man remark, “How I’d hate to be hit by him!” He could fear a fellow-man. But in a few moments the same man’s mouth was using the name of God, and even of Jesus Christ, in profanity! There was “no fear of God before his eyes.” It meant nothing to him that God had said, “The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain.” But what will it mean when that man steps out of this life into the realities of eternity! Bengel aptly notes, “The seat of reverence is in the eyes.” Godet says: “The words ‘before their eyes’ show that it belongs to man freely to evoke or suppress this inward view of God on which his moral conduct depends.” Haldane comments: “They have not that reverential fear of Him which is the beginning of wisdom, and which is connected with departing from evil. It is astonishing that men, while they acknowledge that there is a God, should act without any fear of His displeasure. They fear a worm of the dust like themselves, but disregard the Most High!” And Calvin says: “Out of the contempt of God cometh all wickedness. Seeing that the fear of God is the fountain of wisdom, when we are once departed from it, there abideth nothing right or sincere. If it be wanting, we are loosed unto all kind of licentious wickedness.”

This great passage then, (verses 9 to 18) needs to be pondered, prayed over, thoroughly believed, and preached continually, in these last days, when God-consciousness is dying out. It is no kindness, but a terrible wrong, to hide from a criminal the sentence that must surely overtake him unless pardoned; for a physician to conceal from a patient a cancer that will destroy him unless quickly removed; for one acquainted with the hidden pitfalls of a path he beholds someone taking, not to warn him of his danger!

Verses 19 and 20 concern particularly that nation to whom the Law was given, for Paul plainly in verse 9 applies the passage through verse 18 to “both Jews and Greeks” as “all under sin.” But now he turns directly to those who had the Law:

In verse 19, we repeat, and not till then, does Paul turn again to the Jews as those who were under law⁵⁸⁵⁸Many insist that the words “the Law” of verse 19 include only all the quotations from Scripture from verse 9 to verse 18; and they would apply it only to the Jews, as alone possessing that Law, But God in verse 9 applies to both Jews and Greeks what is “written” in the following Scriptures (of verses 10-18). We would regard “the Law” in verse 19, then, in a stricter and more confined sense,—as when our Lord said to the Jews, “Did not Moses give you The Law?” Our Lord’s general division was “The Law and The Prophets” (Luke 16:16); and in Luke 24:44 He speaks of “the things that are written in the Law of Moses, and the Prophets, and the Psalms concerning Me.” In John 10:34 He uses the term “Your Law,” covering even the Psalms. And yet, as we said above, the quotation from Psalm 14, includes the whole human race. And if it be argued that this psalm uses God’s name Jehovah, His special name for Israel, we reply that in the parallel psalm, the Fifty-third, the name used is God, Elohim, the Creator of the whole earth. to shut off their possible escape from that general arraignment by Scripture of “both Jews and Greeks” beginning at the ninth verse. Thus every mouth was “stopped.” Men’s mouths keep talking of their own goodness or of someone else’s badness, or of both,—as, for example, the Pharisee in Luke 18:9-14. But the moral history of mankind delineated in Chapter One; and the stern principles of God’s judgment which considered neither man’s high notions of himself, nor his religious professions, as shown in Chapter Two; and now, in Chapter Three, the fourteen sweeping statements of Scripture concerning the whole guilty human race, with the double conviction of the Jews as not only sinners, but also transgressors of the very Law they gloried in,—all this stops men’s vain mouths! For they are all brought into the presence of their Judge, and the sentence of guilty is upon them all. Not that they are brought in to have their just penalty executed upon them; but that they may be silent while God their Judge announces—astonishing thing!—that He has himself already dealt with the world’s sin upon a sin-offering, Jesus, His Son; whom, we shall soon see, He set forth at the cross as a righteous meeting-ground between Himself in all His holiness and righteousness; and the sinner, whether Jew or Gentile, in all his guilt,—through simple faith in the shed blood of this Redeemer!

Verse 20: Now Paul declares what the law cannot do, and what it can do. First, no one shall be declared righteous [justified] in God’s sight by works of law [“doing right”]; and second, the business of God’s Law is rather to make known to men their sin, and therefore, their need of a salvation which the Law cannot supply.

In this verse we meet by far the most difficult Divine utterance for the human heart to yield to, that we have met in the entire Epistle. Even those “without law,”—“Gentiles that have not the Law” (of Moses—2:14), we find throughout history so committed to their own ideas of what is “right,” and what will propitiate the demons that they worship, that they will desperately fight for their convictions. (See Paul at Lystra, and at Ephesus, in the Acts.) And how much more difficult the task becomes in dealing with those who, as the Jews, know that they have had a direct revelation from God,—“Thou shalt” and “Thou shalt not,” and, “He that doeth these things shall live by them.” When Paul told the Athenians that he acknowledged them to be “very religious” (their city indeed being filled with idols), but that they were ignorant of God, the Creator, who had raised up from the dead One who would be Judge in righteousness: “Some mocked: others said, We will hear thee concerning this yet again.” Now, we say, if men are brought off only with great difficulty from the follies of idolatry, how much greater the task to persuade men to abandon their trust in a holy Law they know to have been given by the true God, from heaven, and on the fulfillment of which all their hopes for eternity have been dependent!⁵⁹⁵⁹Someone says, “It is not the good works men have done so much as the good works they persuade themselves they some time will do, in which they hope.” For almost all know themselves to have failed; yet they promise themselves that they will be “better”; and the thought of being declared righteous by a work altogether outside of themselves, never once occurs to them! In just the same way Christendom has become fixed in its defense of its “religious” convictions. Scripture names, doctrines and ordinances—falsely explained—have seized hold upon the convictions of men, so that it is more difficult to dislodge them from their position than the heathen themselves. We know from Scripture, for example, that “days, seasons, months and years,” do not belong to the Christian position in the least degree, but are Jewish or pagan in origin. Christmas, Lent, Easter, the whole “church calendar,” forms, ritualism, the confessional, the mass, clergy,—where are these found in the Epistles of the New Testament? They are not found! Yet try once to dislodge them from those in whose hearts they have been planted! For their heart-hopes are bound up with these false traditions.

None but those taught of God, and they with extreme difficulty and constant watchfulness, escape legal hope. For the question ever before the conscience is, If keeping God’s Law avails me nothing for righteousness in His sight, why did He give it? WHY DID HE GIVE IT?

And this difficulty becomes all the greater, the more the excellency of the Law is discovered! For our judgment sees these things of the Law to be “holy, and righteous, and good.” And we know (if we are honest) that “God spake all these words”—of the Law.

Therefore, the heart’s only relief is to hear God’s own Word concerning seven questions; to all of which the coming chapters of Romans will give answer: (1) To what nation did He give the Law; (2) Why He gave the Law; (3) What the Law’s ministry was; (4) How it was set aside, or “annulled,” for another principle entirely; (5) What is meant by the words “under grace”; (6) How the walk “in the Spirit” takes the place of walking by external enactments; and, (7) How that only in those not under law is “the righteous state” (dikaioma) of the Law fulfilled!

Now it is apparent that to bring men off from their false hopes in their law-obedience, three things must become evident to them:

(a) That law, having been broken, can only condemn.

(b) That even were men enabled now to begin keeping perfectly any law of God, that could not make up for past disobedience, or remove present guilt.

(c) That keeping law is NOT God’s way of salvation, or of blessing.

In connection with verse 20, we will emphasize only the third of these points, for that is what is insisted upon in this verse. We quote in the footnote below verse 20, and then a number of plain statements of Scripture to the same effect, that we may compare Scripture with Scripture:⁶⁰⁶⁰   By works of law shall no flesh be Justified in his sight; for through law cometh the recognition of sin (3:20).
   A man is justified by faith, apart from works of law (3:28).
   To him that worketh not, but believeth on Him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness (4:5).
   Not through the Law was the promise made to Abraham . . . but through the righteousness of faith (4:13).
   For if they that are of the Law are heirs, faith is made void, and the promise is made of none effect (4:14).
   Through the obedience of the One shall the many be constituted righteous. And law came in alongside, that the trespass might abound (5:19, 20).
   Ye are not under law, but under grace (6:14).
   Ye were made dead to the Law through the body of Christ (7:4). We have been discharged from the Law (7:6).
   Christ is the end of the Law for righteousness to every one that believeth (10:4).
   Until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remaineth, it not being revealed to them that it is done away in Christ (II Cor. 3:14).
   A man is not justified by works of law but through faith in Jesus Christ (Gal. 2:16)
   If ye are led by the Spirit, ye are not under law (Gal. 5:18). Law is not made for a righteous man (I Tim. 1:9).
   For there is a disannulling of a foregoing commandment [by Him who gave it] because of its weakness and unprofitableness (for the Law made nothing perfect), and a bringing in thereupon of a better hope, [Christ’s work] through which we draw nigh unto God (Heb. 7:18, 19).

The knowledge (or recognition) of sin comes through law,—by (1) its revealing what God approved in man, and what God disapproved and forbade; (2) causing man to undertake obedience; and (3) condemning him for failure to obey.

To all seven of the questions above, the coming chapters of Romans, compared with other Scriptures, will, as we have said, fully give the answers. But it will be wise, perhaps, to look a moment more, in this place, at questions 2, 3 and 4:

As to Question Two, Why God gave the Law, we call attention now, as elsewhere, to the fact that in His dealing with Abraham, and, in fact, in all His ways with the patriarchs, there was not the Law, but simply and only the promise. We plainly see in Rom. 5:14 that they were not under law. They walked by simple faith, which is, of course, the only principle according to which God has saving relations with man since he became a sinner. But (and this is important) God must show man his sinnerhood and this could not be done but by His revealing His holiness and righteousness, and asking man to conform his life and ways to that holy and righteous rule. God knew he would not and could not do this; but man did not know it, and must discover it through failure. Therefore and thereunto did God give the Law. “By the Law is the knowledge of sin.”

We have now partly answered Question Three, as to what was the appointed ministry of the Law. But the matter needs to be further emphasized. God names the Law a “ministration of condemnation and death” and not of righteousness. As Paul says in Chapter Seven, “Sin, that it might be shown to be sin, wrought death to me through that which was good” (the Law).

As to Question Four, the Law was set aside or “disannulled.” We have God’s oft-repeated and most emphatic assertion, that this has been done: “There is a disannulling of a foregoing commandment because of its weakness and unprofitableness (for the Law made nothing perfect), and a bringing in thereupon of a better hope, [Christ’s death, burial and resurrection], through which we draw nigh unto God” (Heb. 7:18, 19). We repeat this over and over, because that is the way God does—He asserts and re-asserts this great fact: knowing man’s self-righteousness will hardly suffer the Law to be taken away.

Now it was not that God changed His plan, though to the thoughtless mind He might seem to have done so: (1) by beginning with man on the faith principle—from Abel onward; then (2) conditioning Israel’s relationship and blessing upon their legal obedience; and then (3) “changing back” again, since the cross, to the way of simple faith apart from law. No, there has been no “change” in God. God’s way with man has always been that of faith. Neither was the Law a thing additional to faith to secure God’s favor; nor was God’s “disannulling the foregoing commandment” an evidence that He had been seeking and expecting righteousness in man by the Law; and that now since the Law had failed He resorted to grace, apart from works of the Law. Not at all! The Law came in simply that the trespass might abound,—that is, that by breaking it man might discover his guilt and sinfulness; and his helplessness to relieve himself. Moses had prophesied in Leviticus and Deuteronomy that Israel would utterly fail, and that they would be provoked to jealousy by God’s bringing in the Gentiles, “a foolish nation”; and that the remnant of Israel finally, its whole legal hope cut off, would be restored by God in sovereign mercy (Rom. 11:31, 32).

We know we are saying these things over and over. An old German educator said: “The first principle of teaching is repetition; and the second principle of teaching is repetition; and the third principle is repetition.”

So we come to the next great section of the Epistle, Chapter Three, verses 21 to 31. This will describe God’s righteousness through faith in Jesus Christ.

JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH IN CHRIST

We now come to the unfolding of that word which Paul in Chapter One declares to be the very heart of the gospel,—the reason it is “the power of God unto salvation”: namely, “therein is God’s righteousness on the faith-principle revealed to any having faith” (1:17).

The first work of the apostle, as we have seen in studying Chapter 1:18 to Chapter 3:20, was to bring the whole world under the judgment of God, guilty, helpless. His second task (and it is a blessed one!) is to reveal God’s coming out in rightousness at the cross unto us. Let us most diligently read, ponder, yea, and commit to memory verses 21 to 26; for it is God’s great statement of justification by faith. Its first announcement is:

Verse 21: But now apart from law God’s righteousness hath been manifested,—borne witness to by the Law and the Prophets—The first words, “But now,” should be hailed by us joyfully, as beginning an account of something heavenly different from our guilt and helplessness, detailed in the preceding part of the Epistle (1:18-3:20).

The next phrase is: “apart from law”⁶¹⁶¹The absence of the definite article, the, before the word law, in 3:21, 28, 31; 4:13, etc., shows that it is the abstract principle of law that is before us rather than the specific, concrete, thing—the Law of Moses, the ten commandments. It will become evident to us that God is dealing with men now upon a different principle altogether than that of law: for grace confers the blessing, and lets the fruit flow from “faith working through love” by the power of the Spirit. Law demands fulfilment of conditions before blessing: grace announces that Christ has fulfilled all conditions.—lay it to heart! Unfortunately, the King James Version misses the emphasis here. For the Greek puts to the very front this great phrase “apart from law” (chōris nomou), and thus sets forth most strongly the altogether separateness of this Divine righteousness from any law-performance, any works of man, whatsoever. Luther’s rendering was, “without accessory aid of law.” In this revelation of God’s righteousness, law was left out of account. Righteousness is on another principle than our right-doing!

Now the great and most common error in setting forth God’s righteousness here, is, to allow law at least some place. Men cannot, it seems, get over reasoning thus: that since God once promulgated the dispensation of law, which called for human righteousness. He must thereafter be bound by it forever. And this despite Divine assurance, over and over and over, that the present dispensation proceeds on an altogether different principle; that there has been a “disannulling of a foregoing commandment” (Heb. 7:18); for He who had the right to command had also the right to disannul. It was “because of its weakness and unprofitableness—for the Law made nothing perfect,”—that the “foregoing commandment” was set aside. It had served its purpose—to make the trespass “abound” (5:20).⁶²⁶²“The Law has no such office in the present state of human nature manifested in history and in Scripture as to render righteous: its office is altogether different, viz., to detect and bring to light the sinfulness af man” (Alford).

It is not that God has not the right to demand legal righteousness from us: but that He does not do it. “Righteousness which is of God” speaks in a way diametrically opposite to man’s law—obedience, of any sort whatsoever.

Men who do not see or believe that the whole history of those in Christ ended at the cross (for they died there, with Christ) must hold that God is still demanding righteousness: for “the law hath dominion over a man so long as he liveth!”

The “teachers of the Law” (I Tim. 1:7) say: “Behind God, as He talks with you in ‘grace’ is His eternal Law. And He must carry out what He has expressed in that Law. But, because you are not able to perform it, He has ‘graciously’ given Christ, to perform all its requirements for you. And the positive, or ‘active’ requirements are, the observance of all the commands of the Law to the letter,—which (these teachers say) Christ has by His perfect life of obedience to the Law on earth, furnished for you. And the negative, or ‘passive’ obedience, as they call it—that is, the penalty of death for your sins which the Law (say they) demanded, Christ has paid on the cross. So that, now your debts cancelled by Christ’s death, you have Christ’s legal ‘merits’ as your actual righteousness before God: for God must demand (they say) perfect righteousness from you, as measured by His holy Law,”—etc., etc.

This seemingly beautiful talk is both unscriptural and anti-scriptural.

God says that the believer is not under law, that he is dead to law,—to that whole principle, being in the Risen Christ; and Christ is certainly not under law in Heaven! Believers are “in Him”; they are “not in the flesh” (Rom. 8:9). They were formerly in the flesh (in the old natural life of Adam); but are now “new creatures” in Christ Risen!

If you put believers under law, you must put their federal Head, Christ, back under law; for “as He is, even so are we in this world.” To do this you must reverse Calvary, and have Christ back again on earth “under law.” For law, we repeat, was not given to a heavenly company, but to an earthly nation. Scripture says it was to redeem that earthly people (Israel) who were under law, that Christ was “born under the Law” (Gal. 4:4). You must thus, if you are “under law,” be joined to a Christ belonging to Israel, a flesh and blood Christ; and must consent to be an Israelite—to which nation He was sent. But alas! You find that such a Christ is not here! That He said He must “abide alone,”—like the grain of wheat unless it “fall into the ground and die.” To an earthly, Jewish Christ, you therefore cannot be united. And so your vain hope of having Moses and Christ is wholly gone. Therefore you must be united with a Risen Christ, or with none at all! But if to a Risen Christ, it is unto One who died unto sin (6:10); and those (Jewish) believers who were under the Law died with Him unto it (7:4). And you, if you are Christ’s, are now wholly, as Christ is, on resurrection ground. This truth will be brought out fully in chapters Six and Seven; we can but note it here.⁶³⁶³Your body—you are waiting for the redemption of that. But your body is only the “tabernacle” in which you dwell,—it is not yourself. “That which is born of the Spirit is spirit” (John 3:6). “He that is joined unto the Lord is one spirit” (I Cor. 6:17).

The words hath been manifested (of verse 21) Conybeare lucidly paraphrases, “not by law but by another way, God’s righteousness is brought to light.” God had always dealt righteously, although His way was not as yet plain. He pardoned many, and He did not seem wholly to judge sin even in the unsaved world. But at the cross “He spared not His own Son.” Here was revealed, indeed, righteousness to the uttermost!

Borne witness to by the Law and the Prophets—by the Law, in its sacrificial offerings; by the Prophets, in direct statements: “This is His name whereby He shall be called: Jehovah our righteousness” (Jer. 23:6); and again, “Thy righteousness”—21 times in the Psalms! as, “I will make mention of Thy righteousness, even of Thine only” (71:2, 15, 16, 19, 24); and Isaiah: “By the knowledge of Himself shall my righteous Servant make many righteous” (53:11).⁶⁴⁶⁴Peter indeed declares that “God had foreshawed by the mouth of all the prophets that His Christ shoudl suffer” and “to Him bear all the prophets witness, that through His name every one that believeth on Him shall reeive remission of sins” (Acts 3:18; 10:43. It is well to remember that Paul reminds his hearers in Pisidian Antioch that it is possible to hear the prophets read and really not undrstand “the voice of the prophets” nor Him of whom they spake (Acts 13:27. Yet it was not brought to light how this should be, until “the fulness of the time” came, and God sent His Son to “suffer for sins, the just for the unjust,” to “put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself,” that God’s righteousness might be “manifested,” both in His dealing with sin, and in glorifying His Son in heaven, who had glorified His Father on earth.

It would have been righteous for God to smite Adam and Eve as He did the angels that sinned. He could have revealed Himself in righteousness of judgment in accord with His holiness and justice. He was not obliged to save any man. But it was God’s will to reveal Himself: for He is Love.

Therefore He now comes forth at the cross in love,—albeit He must there come forth also in righteousness,—for He Himself must righteously and fully judge sin upon the person of His own provided Lamb. The sword “awakened against His Shepherd, the Man who was His Fellow,”—the “fellow” of Jehovah of hosts! The Shepherd was smitten: “He was bruised for our iniquity, the chastisement of our peace [that would procure peace for us] was upon Him.” God spared not His own Son, but delivered Him up, and the penalty for our sin was visited upon Him, Jesus, God’s provided Sacrifice (Zech. 13:7; Isa. 53:5, 6).

God is able to come forth to us now in absolute GRACE, sending out His messengers “preaching peace by Jesus Christ”;—nay, preaching much more than peace. In effect, God says, “Utter and infinite oceans of grace shall roll over the place where judgment and condemnation were!” Forgiving us all our trespasses, He goes further: having raised up Christ from the dead. He says, I will now place you in my Son. I will give you a standing fully and only in Him risen from the dead! Not only did He bear your sins, putting away your guilt, but in His death I released you from your standing and responsibility in Adam the first. You who have believed are now new creatures in Christ: for I have created you in Him.’

And because this is so, it is announced further: “Him who knew no sin, God made to be sin on our behalf; that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.” These astonishing words state the present fact as to all believers,—of all those in Christ: they are the righteousness of God in Him!⁶⁵⁶⁵   “The resurrection of Christ was not only Divine power in life; there was another truth in it. Divine righteousness was shown in it. His Father’s glory, all that the Son was to Him, was concerned in His resurrection; Christ having perfectly glorified God in dying, and having finished His Father’s work, Divine righteousness was involved in His resurrection. And He was raised, and righteousness identified with a new state into which man, in Him, was brought; and more than that, indeed, for more was justly due to Him—He was set in glory as man at the right hand of God. Not only did the blessed Lord meet for us who believe all our sin as children of Adam, by His death, so as to clear us according to the glory of God from it all in His sight; but He perfectly glorified God Himself in so doing. Man, in the person of Christ, then entered into the glory of God. ‘Now is the Son of Man glorified, and God is glorified in Him, . . . and shall straightaway glorify Him.’ But all Christ’s work was wrought in us; our sin was put away by it. Christ, as having thus glorified all God is, is our righteousness. We are thus ‘the righteousness of God in Him.’
   “Either Christ, in His own present perfectness, risen from the dead, is my righteousness, His place my place, and I myself absolutely dead and gone as regards the old man; or I am making Christ a completer of my standing, as alive in the old man. Scripture teaches me that I am not alive as a child of Adam in this world. ‘If ye died with Christ . . . why as though alive in the world? says Paul.
   “And now I am in Christ, risen and ascended; and have no righteousness to make out, but to glorify God as His child, being the righteousness of God in Christ already. My defects have nothing to do with my righteousness. They have with respect to my living to God and enjoying communion with Him” (Darby).

In the book of Romans, Paul is describing God’s action toward a believing sinner in view of the shed blood of Christ. It is as if God were holding court with the infinite value and benefit of the propitiatory sacrifice and resurrection of Christ only and ever before Him. No other apostle will be called upon to set this forth fully as does Paul. Of course it could not be stated by the Old Testament writers in its fulness and clearness; for our Lord had not then offered Himself, and all the Law and Prophets could do was to declare sin temporarily “covered” (Heb., kaphar) from God’s sight; and so the Old Testament believer was one who rested on what God would do, in view of these types and shadows and promises.

John the Baptist, however, pointing to Christ, said, “Behold the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world,” something that had never before been! Therefore, after the cross, it is written, “Once in the consummation of the ages, hath He [Christ] been manifested to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself”

In the Old Testament, we repeat, sin is covered,—which is the meaning of the word kaphar, “atonement,”—used only in the Old Testament, and there constantly (some 13 times in one chapter—Leviticus 16), to express the covering from God’s sight of sin: though the sin remained untaken away until Christ died. In the New Testament, therefore, sin is said to be put away by Christ’s sacrifice.⁶⁶⁶⁶We call attention to the error in the King James Version at the end of Romans 5:11 where those translators render “atonement” when it should be “reconciliation” (katallangē). Therefore, properly speaking, the idea of covering up sin (“atonement,” kaphar, of the Old Testament) is entirely absent in any mention in the New Testament of the effect of Christ’s sacrifice, which does not cover up but puts away sin from God’s sight forever.

God can, therefore, not only forgive the sinner, but also proceed to declare the believing sinner righteous, not at all meaning that he has any righteousness of his own, or that “the ‘merits’ of Christ are imputed to him” (a fiction of theology); but that God, acting in righteousness, reckons righteous the ungodly man who trusts Him: because He places him in the full value of the infinite work of Christ on the cross, and transfers him into Christ Risen, who becomes his righteousness.

We may look at the term God’s righteousness from God’s own side; then from that of Christ; and, finally, from that of the justified sinner.

1. From. God’s side, the expression “God’s righteousness,” must be regarded as an absolute one. It is His attribute of righteousness. It can be nothing else. He must, and ever will, act in righteousness, whether it be toward Christ, toward those in Christ, or toward those finally impenitent, whether angels, demons, or men.

2. From Christ’s side, it is His being received by God into glory according to God’s estimation of His mediatorial work. Our Lord had said that when the Spirit would come, He would “convince the world . . . of righteousness, because I go unto the Father, and ye see me no more” (John 16); and He had said, “I glorified Thee on the earth, having accomplished the work Thou gavest me to do. And now, Father, glorify Thou me with Thine own self, with the glory I had with Thee before the world was” (John 17). In answer to this prayer Christ was “raised from the dead through the glory of the Father” (Rom. 6:4), and was “received up in glory” (I Tim. 3:16). Now our Lord was man, as well as God. And when the Father glorified Him “with His own self,” with that glory Christ “had with Him before the world was,” it was as man that God thus glorified Him. So that, at God’s right hand, Christ set forth publicly the righteousness of God; for (a) as the slain Lamb He shows the holiness of God and God’s righteousness fully satisfied,—since God had “spared not His own Son” when sin had been laid upon Him. The truth of God as to the wages of sin had been shown in Christ’s death; thus the majesty of the insulted throne of God had been publicly vindicated, so that Christ’s being raised and “received up in glory” set forth the righteousness of God; for it were unrighteous that Christ should not be glorified! And (b) Christ not only thus set forth the righteousness of God, but being God the Son, as well as man, He was that righteousness! Christ dead, risen, glorified, is the very righteousness of God!

3. From the believer’s side, the justified sinner’s side, what do we see? The amazing declaration of God concerning us is, “Him who knew no sin God made to be sin on our behalf, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him” (II Cor. 5:21). The saints are said to be the righteousness of God, in Christ. Of course self-righteousness simply shrivels before a verse like this! All is in Christ: we are in Christ—one with Him!

The expression “God’s righteousness” then signifies:

1. God Himself acting in righteousness (a) toward Christ in raising Him from the dead and seating Him as a man in the place of absolute honor and glory; (b) in giving those who believe on Christ the same acceptance before God as Christ now has, inasmuch as He actually bare their sins, putting them away by His blood, and also became identified with the sinner—was “made to be sin for us” and, our old man was thus “crucified with Him.” Just as it would have been unrighteousness in God not to raise His Son after His Son had completely glorified Him in His death; so it would also be unrighteous in God not to declare righteous in Christ those who, deserting all trust in themselves, have transferred their faith and hope to Christ alone.

2. Thus Christ, now risen and glorified, is Himself the righteousness of believers. It is not that He acted righteously while on earth, and that that is reckoned to us. This is, we repeat, the heresy of “vicarious law-keeping.” He was indeed the spotless Lamb of God; but He had no connection with sinners until His death. He was “separate from sinners.” “Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die, it abideth by itself alone.” It is the Risen Christ who is our righteousness. “Christianity begins at the resurrection.” The work of the cross of course made Christianity possible; but true Christianity is all on the resurrection side of the cross. “He is not here, but is risen,” the angel said.

3. Thus Christians find themselves spoken of as the righteousness of God in Christ. Not as “righteous before God,” for that would be to think of a personal standing given to us, on account of Christ’s death, rather than a federal standing, as in Him, united to Him,—which we are! John Wesley said a wise thing indeed: “Never think of yourself apart from Christ!”

Now to be or become “righteous before God”; to have or obtain a standing that will “bear God’s scrutiny,” is the fond dream of very many earnest Christians. But however stated, and by whomsoever stated, that idea of our obtaining a “standing before God” falls short, and that vitally, of Paul’s gospel of our being made the righteousness of God in Christ. It denies that we died with Christ; and that we have been made dead to the whole legal principle in Christ’s death (7:4). Thus it leaves us under the necessity of “obtaining a standing” before God; whereas believers federally shared the death of Christ, and Christ Risen is Himself now our standing!

Negatively, then (as Paul begins to declare in his first recorded discourse. Acts 13:39), “Every one that believeth on Him is justified from all things”;—“justified in His blood” (Rom. 5:9); and

Positively, Christ was “raised for our justification” (4:25): that we might receive a new place, a place in a Risen Christ,—and be thus the righteousness of God in Him, as one with Him who is that righteousness.

God declares that He reckons righteous the ungodly man who ceases from all works, and believes on Him (God), as the God who, on the ground of Christ’s shed blood, “justifies the ungodly” (4:5). He declares such an one righteous: reckoning to him all the absolute value of Christ’s work,—of His expiating death, and of His resurrection, and placing him in Christ: where he is the righteousness of God: for Christ is that!

Does Christ need something yet, that He may stand in acceptance with God? Then do I need something,—for I am in Christ, and He alone is my righteousness. If He stands in full, eternal acceptance, then do I also: for I am now in Him alone,—having died with Him to my old place in Adam.

Earnest and godly men, wonderfully used of God, have brought out, as did the Reformers, that we are justified by faith, not works: without, however, going on to show, as does Paul, our complete deliverance, in Christ, from our former place in Adam, and from the whole principle of law.

The Reformation statements were as follows:

Luther: “The righteousness of God is that righteousness which avails before God.” This means a “substantive righteousness,”—a quality bestowed which “avails.” But I am not in these words seen as dead, and now in Christ only.

Calvin: “By the righteousness of God I understand that righteousness which is approved before the tribunal seat of. God.” Here again is a quality, not Christ Himself, who is made righteousness unto me, and I myself “of God,” in Him (I Cor. 1:30). And according to Calvin I must stand before God’s “tribunal”! But Christ at the cross met all the claims of God’s “tribunal,”—and that forever; and I am now in Christ Risen!

Again, Calvin, writing on II Cor. 5:21, concerning our being made or becoming “the righteousness of God in Christ,” says: “In this place nothing else is to be understood than that we stand supported by the expiation of Christ’s death before the tribunal of God.” Here is still the thought of a future (or present) “tribunal.” Only the negative side—expiation of guilt, is brought out. But this text in II Corinthians is positive: we are God’s righteousness in Christ! Believers are not seen by Calvin as having died with Christ, and having no connection at all with Adam’s responsibility to furnish a righteousness and holiness before God’s “tribunal.” Believers, says Paul, are not now “in the flesh” in their standing,—they are seen by God in Christ only! (Rom. 8:9). Calvin) and all the Reformers, and the Puritans after them, placed believers under the Law of Moses as a “rule of life”; because they did riot see that a believer’s history in Adam ended at the cross. But Paul, in Gal. 6:15, 16, says that those in Christ are to walk as “new creatures”: they are a new creation! “And as many as shall walk by this rule, peace be upon them!” This is God’s prescription for your walk, whatever men may teach!

We do quote Luther, that great man of God, in connection with Chapter Seven, in the expressions of his wonderful personal faith, as saying: “These words, ‘am dead to the Law’ (Gal. 2:19) are very effectual. For he saith simply, ‘I am dead to the Law’; that is, I have nothing to do with the Law . . . Let him that would live to God come out of the grave with Christ.” (Luther on Galatians; in which book is often shown a vigor and boldness of faith hardly to be matched since Paul!)

Dr. Scofield in his note on Romans 3:21, says that the righteousness of the believer “is Christ Himself, who fully met in our stead and behalf every demand of the Law.” Yet Scripture says that the Law was given to Israel; and that Gentiles are “without law,” as contrasted “with Israel,” who were “under the Law.” Paul’s words to us in Rom. 6:14: “Ye are not under law, but under grace,” do not mean that we were once under law (as were the Jews) and have now been delivered; but rather mean that we, having died with Christ (our old man crucified with Him, and our history in Adam closed forever before God), are not placed at all under law! It is unfortunate that Dr. Scofield goes on to quote beloved Bunyan: “The believer in Christ is now, by grace, shrouded under so complete and blessed a righteousness that the Law from Mt. Sinai can find neither fault nor diminution therein. This is that which is called the righteousness of God by faith.”

Now it is at once evident that such a statement as Bunyan’s leaves “the Law from Mt. Sinai” master of the field, lord over us. According to this the Law remains Inspector General of those in Christ! We are not “discharged” from it. We are still on earth, under legal trial, men “in the flesh.” The gospel, however, is that we are, in Christ, not under the law-principle at all! “Ye are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit.” Those who believe are not now under law, but under grace, being “in Christ.” We are now in a Risen Christ, who as such “lives unto God”; and it is unthinkable that He is under law! The Word of God says that Christ was “born of a woman,”—thus reaching the whole race; and “born under the Law, that He might redeem them that were under the Law,”—that is, Israel. But to maintain that the Risen Christ is “under law” in Heaven, is both to deny Scripture (Rom. 6:4) and also to close our eyes to the manner of His risen life (6:10). Christ in Heaven lives under no legal conditions, but freely, in love unto God. And God has sent forth “the Spirit of His Son”—mark that!—into our hearts. This means not only the witness that we are adult sons (huioi) of God, but that the very same emotions of relationship and nearness to the