ÐÏࡱá>þÿ s[9]9ç8è8é8ê8ë8ì8í8î8ï8ð8ñ8ò8ó8ô8õ8ö8÷8ø8ù8ú8û8ü8ý8þ8ÿ8999999999 9 9 9 9 9999999999999999999 9!9"9#9$9%9&9'9(9)9*9+9,9-9.9/909192939495969798999:9;9<9=9>9?9@9A9B9C9D9E9F9G9H9I9J9K9L9M9N9O9P9Q9R9S9T9ì¥Á#` ð¿ùlbjbj\.\. 4úl>D>D 'Yÿÿÿÿÿÿ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤,¤ÏÏÏÏ”¨ä$5Ð Ä·¶ØØØØس³³S¤U¤U¤U¤U¤U¤U¤$z¸h⺂y¤¤³³³³³y¤¤¤ØØÛ~·ÓÓÓ³¤Ø¤ØS¤Ó³S¤ÓÓ¤¤ÓØÌ à}7N}ÇÏÃÓïd‰”·0Ä·Ód»Ód»Ód»¤Ó³³Ó³³³³³y¤y¤Ó³³³Ä·³³³³Ð Ð Ð DÅÏÐ Ð Ð ϸDü,(¤¤¤¤¤¤ÿÿÿÿ a vjoI^-> 108 MAGNUS U8RA8V DIVISION STREET RIVER FOREST. !L 6Q3OS A DICTIONARY OF HYMNOLOGY A DICTIONARY OF HYMNOLOGY Setting forth the Origin and History of Christian Hymns of all Ages and Nations Edited by JOHN JULIAN, D.D. VOLUME I A to O DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC. NEW YORK • NEW^YORK5 - - First Edition ............................. January, 1892 Second Revised Edition with New Supplement. ..... June, 1907 This new Dover Edition first published in 1957, is an unabridged and unaltered republication of the Second and last Revised Edition. The original work appeared as one volume but is now bound as two. It is published through special arrangement with John Murray. "Manufactured in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGES I. Prefaces . . ...... vii-x II. List of Contributors.......xi-xiii III. List of Manuscripts . . . . . . xv, xvi IV. Abbreviations ........xvii, xviii V. Dictionary : A-Z........1-1306 VI. Cross Reference Index to First Lines in English, French, German, Greek, Latin, and other Languages . . 1307-1504 See also . . 1730-1760 VII. Index of Authors, Translators, &c..... 1505-1521 See also . . 1761-1768 VIII. Appendix, Part I.: A-Z. Late Articles . . . 1525-1549 IX. „ Part II.: A-Z. Additions and Corrections 1549-1597 X. New Supplement, with (a) Index of First Lines, and (b) Index of Authors and Translators, to Appendix, Parts I. and II., and the New Supplement . . 1599-1768 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. Since the publication of this Dictionary of Hymnology in 1892, hymnological studies have made great strides in many directions, and interest therein has led to the issue of many works on hymns and hymn-writers. Some of these productions are of an elementary character, others are of striking value, and all bear witness to the catholicity and importance of this branch of sacred study. 2. In addition numerous Hymn Books of an official, quasi-official, and undenominational character have been published in various countries, especially in Great Britain and America. These collections contain matter hitherto unknown to the general public, the authorship, origin, and history of which are regarded as of supreme importance by the hymnological student, and of general interest to the Christian Church in all lands. 3. Fifteen years have also made great inroads in the ranks of Authors and Translators, and brought into prominence many hymn-writers and others whose work is of a valuable and enduring character. 4. When, therefore, the original edition of this Dictionary was exhausted in 1904, it was decided that, instead of issuing a reprint from the stereotyped plates as a second edition, advantage should be taken of the opportunity to revise the whole work, and to bring it up to date. 5. Although the book was stereotyped after the printing of the first Edition, yet the few errors in names and dates which were discovered in the text have been corrected and a certain amount of new matter has been added. 6. The most valuable and important part of the new Edition, however, is the New Supplement, in which are embodied many new features. In this the contents of the principal hymnals which have been issued during the past fifteen years are annotated; biographical notices of Authors and Translators are given; the history of National and Denominational hymnody has been extended to the present time; and new Indices have been included. The subject-matter contained herein has been arranged to secure the greatest amount of information in the least possible space. To insure success in the use of this work the student should refer, in the first instance, to pp. 1-1306; 1525-1597; and 1599-1729, and consult them in alphabetical order. Failing to find what he requires he must pass on to the Cross 'Reference Indices : for First Lines, to pp. 1307-1504; and 1730-1760: and for Authors and Translators, to pp. 1505-1521; and 1761-1768. ( viii ) 7. The task of amassing the information necessary for fulness of detail and accuracy has been great, but it has been lightened considerably by the aid given, willingly and cheerfully, by a large body of correspondents, to whom personal acknowledgment has been made for their generous assistance. 8. It is again a privilege and a duty to record with gratitude the-co-operation of the Contributors whose signatures are appended to their respective articles, amongst whom the Kev. James Meaens, M.A., the Assistant Editor, is the most important. His minute and careful research in all departments of hymnological literature has greatly enriched the Neio Supplement, and contributed much towards its general accuracy and fulness of detail. ' JOHN JULIAN. Topclipfe Vicarage, July, 1907. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. The first pages of this " Dictionary of Hymnology, Setting forth the Origin and History of Christian Hymns of all Ages and Nations, with special reference to those contained in the Hymn Books of English-speaking Countries," were completed more than ten years ago. Since that time, there has been a constant and rapid production of official and quasi-official hymn books of great importance in all English-speaking countries. To meet this emergency, and to make this work both trustworthy and exhaustive, constant revisions and additions were imperatively called for, which have considerably enlarged the work and delayed its publication. 2. Hymnological works, both historical and critical, and in several languages, have also been published during the same period. A carefuj. study of these works—many of which are by distinguished scholars and experts in the various languages and departments—and a laborious and critical testing of their contents, have consumed a vast amount of time, with the result of great practical advantage to the Dictionary as a whole. 3. The Appendix (Parts I. and II.) also became a necessity; and, together with the "Cross Eeference Index to First Lines" (pp. 1307-1504), the "Index of Authors, &c." (pp. 1505-1521), and the " Supplemental Index" to each (pp. 1598-1616), must be carefully consulted by the hymnological student. 4. Where it could possibly be avoided, nothing has been taken at secondhand. Minute technicalaccuracy has been aimed at, and, after great labour and inevitable delay, has, it is hoped, in most instances, been attained. The pursuit of this aim has very frequently demanded, for the production of one page only, as much time and attention as is usually expended on one hundred pages of ordinary history or criticism. 5. The MSS. used in this work number nearly ten thousand, and include (1) those in the great public libraries of Europe and America; (2) those in private hands; (3) those in the possession of the Assistant Editor; and (4) those of the Editor. 6. The Books, Magazines, Newspapers, Broadsheets, &c, collated and examined, have been too numerous to count. The Editor's collection of MSS., Books, Pamphlets, &c, will, on the publication of this work, become the property of the Church House, where they will be available for consultation. 7. The total number of Christian hymns in the 200 or more languages and dialects in which they have been written or translated is not less than 400,000. When classified into languages the greatest number are found to be in German, English, Latin, and Greek, in the order named. Other languages are also strongly represented, but fall far short of these in extent and importance. The leading articles on National and Denominational hymnody given in this work furnish a clear outline of the rise and develop- c * ) ment of this mass of hymn writing. Arranged chronologically they set forth the periods when hymn-writing began in various languages, and the subjects which engaged the attention of the writers. It will be found that whilst the earliest hymns, as the Magnificat, the quotations in the Pastoral Epistles, &c, are in Greek, it required less than 170 years for the addition of Syriac to be made to the roll of languages. Latin followed in another 200 years. In another 50 years, the first notes in Early English were heard. German was added in the 9th cent.; Italian in the 13th cent.; Bohemian in the 15th cent., and others later, until the roll numbers over 200 languages and dialects. Careful attention to the chronology of the subject will also bring out the facts, that whilst Clement of Alexandria (p. 238) was singing in Greek, Bardesanes (p. 1109) was inspiring his followers in Syriac. Later on we find that the finest of the early poets were writing contemporaneously —Gregory of Nazianzus (p. 468) and Synesius (p. 1108) in Greek; St. Ambrose (p. 56), Prudentius (p. 914), and St. Hilary (p. 522) in Latin; and Ephraem the Syrian (p. 1109) in Syriac. Still later, as the roll of languages is increased, the grouping of names, countries and languages within given periods, will yield rich materials for the use of the historian and the divine. 8. In the following pages are set forth the countries where, the periods when, the languages in which, and in many instances, the men by whom the doctrines and ritual teachings and practices of Christianity were first enshrined in song; and by whom and in what languages and countries the greatest developments have taken place. 9. English readers especially will find that one of the leading features of this Dictionary is the effort made to bring this mass of historical, biographical, doctrinal, devotional, and ritual matter as fully as possible within the grasp of those who are acquainted with no other language but their own. Linguistically the English language is the key-note of this work, and the hymns contained in the hymn-books of English-speaking countries, and now in Common Use, are its basis. 10. Personal acknowledgment has been made with deep gratitude to more than one thousand correspondents for valuable assistance rendered by them in the production of this work. In addition to the Contributors whose signatures are appended to their respective articles, special reference has to be made to the assistance of Miss Stevenson in compiling the " Indices of Authors, Translators, &c."; to the invaluable services of Mr. W. T. Brooke, whose acquaintance with early English hymnody is unrivalled; to Major G. A. Crawford, the compiler of the elaborate and complete " Indices of Cross Eeference to First Lines, &c.," whose aid in revision from the first, and whose technical acquaintance with and accuracy in correcting the Press have been of eminent value; and to the Kev. James Mearns, whose assistance has been so extensive, varied, and prolonged, as to earn the unsolicited and unexpected, but well deserved and cheerfully accorded position of Assistant Editor of this work. JOHN JULIAN. Wincobank Vicarage, December, 1891. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. W. H. M. H. A. Rev. W. H. M. H. AITKEN, M.A., General Superintendent of the Church Parochial Mission Society, and Canon Residentiary of Norwich. H. L. B. Rev. H. LEIGH BENNETT, M.A., Prebendary of Lincoln Cathedral, and sometime Rector of Thrybergh, Yorkshire. L. F. B. Rev. L. F. BENSON, D.D., Editor of the authorised Hymnals, &c, of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, and other works. J. T. B. Rev. J. T. BINGLEY, L.R.A.M., F.G.O., sometime Precentor of Worksop Abbey Church. F. M.B. Rev. F. ftL BIRD, M.A., Professor of Rhetoric and Christian Evidences, Lehigh University, United States of America. W. J. B. W. J. BIRKBECK, M.A., of Magdalen College, Oxford. J. B. Rev. JAMES BONAR, M.A., Greenock, Joint Editor of the Scottish Free Church Hymn Booh and of the Home and School Hymnal. W. T. B. WILLIAM T. BROOKE, Walthamstow, London. J.B. Rev. JOHN BROWNLIE, Minister of the Presbyterian United Free Church, Portpatrick, and Author of Hymns of the Greek Church, Translated, with Introduction and Notes, and other works. D. B. Rev. DAWSON BURNS, D.D., Secretary of the United Kingdom Alliance. J. D. C. J. D. CHAMBERS, M.A., F.S.A. (Late), Recorder of New Sarum; Editor and Translator; The Psalter, or Seven Ordinary Hours . . . of Sarum ; and The Hymns, &c.; Lauda Syon, &c. Wm. C. Rev. WILLIAM COOKE, M.A., F.S.A. (Late), Hon. Canon of Chester Cathedral; Joint Editor of The Church Hymnal and of The Hymnary. G. A. C. GEORGE ARTHUR CRAWFORD, M.A. (Late). T. G. C. Rev. T. G. CRIPPEN, Librarian at the Congregational Hall, Farringdon Street, London, and Author of Ancient Hymns and Poems Translated from the Latin, and other works. J.L.D.V.D.D.J.C.E.F.J.F.E.C.S. G.J. D. Eev. JAMES DAVIDSON, B.A., Vicar of St. Paul's, Bristol; Author of Proper Psalms for Certain Days, &c. Eev. J. LEWIS DAVIES, Eector of Llaneigrad, N. Wales. Eev. VALENTINE D. DAVIS, B.A., sometime Minister of the Ancient Chapel of Toxteth, Liverpool; Editor of the Inquirer. J. C. EAELE, B.A., Oxford (Late). Eev. F. J. FALDING, D.D. (Lat^), Principal of the Congregational United College, Bradford. The Eight Eev. EDGAE C. S. GIBSON, D.D., Lord Bishop of Gloucester. A. E. G. Eev. A. E. GEEGQEY, D.D., Principal of the Wesleyan Children's Home and Orphanage; Author of the Fernley Lecture: The Hymn-Book of the Modern Church, &c.; and Editor of The Preacher's Magazine. A. B. G. Eev. A. B. GEOSAET, D.D., LL.D. (Late), Editor of The Fuller Worthies' Library; The Chertsey Worthies Library; The Works of Spenser, &c, and Author of Three Centuries of Hymns, &c. M. C. H. M. C. HAZAED, Ph.D., Editor of the Congregational Publication Society, Boston U.S.A. J. AH. Eev. J. ALEXANDEE HEWITT, D.C.L., Eector of Worcester, South Africa, and Author of The Dutch Hymnal for Use in the Province of South Africa, &c. T. H. Eev. THOMAS HELMOEE, M. A. (Late), Priest in Ordinary of H.M. Chapels Eoyal; Musical Editor of the Hymnal Noted. W. G. H. Eev. W. GAEEETT HOEDEE, Editor of Congregational Hymns; The Poets' Bible, &c. ; and Author of The Hymn Lover, &c. J. J. Eev. JOHN JULIAN, D.D., the Editor. J. M. Eev. JAMES MEAENS, M.A., Vicar of Eushden, Bunting- ford, Assistant Editor. J. T. M. Eev. J. T. MUELLEE, Diaconus and Historiographer of the Brethren's Unity, Herrnhut, Germany. W. E. M. Eev. W. EIGBY MUEEAY, M.A., Manchester, Editor of Church Praise ; School Praise ; and The Revised Psalter. C. L. N. Eev. C. L. NOYES, D.D., Joint Editor of The Pilgrim Hymnal, Boston, U.S.A., &c. p.s.w.A. S.w.s.G.J. S.J. H. 0. Rev. J. H. 0VERT0N, D.D. (Late), Prebendary of Lincoln Cathedral, and Rector of Epworth ; Author of TJie English Church in the Eighteenth Century; Christopher Wordsworth, Bishop of Lincoln, &c. Rev. PHILIP SCHAFF, D.D. (Late), New York. Rev. W. A. SHOULTS, B.D. (Late), of St. John's College, Cambridge. Rev. WILLIAM SMITH, Rector of Catwick, Hull. GEORGE JOHN STEVENSON, M.A. (Late), Author of The Methodist Hymn Book, illustrated with Biography, History, &c.; Hymns and Hymn Writers of every Age and Nation. W. R. S. Rev. W. R. STEVENSON, M.A. (Late), Editor of Tlie Baptist Hymnal; The School Hymnal, &c. W. G.T. Rev. W. GLANFFRWD THOMAS (Late), Vicar of St. Asaph; sometime Vicar Choral of St. Asaph's Cathedral. R. T. The Ven. ROBINSON THORNTON, D.D., F.R.Hist.S. (Late), Vicar of St. John's, Notting Hill, London, and Archdeacon of Middlesex ; Boyle Lecturer, &c. F. E. W. Rev. F. E. WARREN, B.D., F.S.A., Rector of Bardwell, Bury St. Edmunds ; Author of The Liturgy and Ritual of the Celtic Church ; and Editor of The Leofric Missal. S. W. SUSANNAH WINKWORTH (Late), Translator of Theologia Germanica. John Sarum. The Right Rev. JOHN WORDSWORTH, D.D., Lord Bishop of Salisbury. D. S. W. Rev. DIGBY S. WRANGHAM, M.A. (Late), Vicar of Darrington, Yorkshire; Editor and Translator of The Liturgical Poetry of Adam of St. Victor; and Author of Lyra Regis, &c. C. H. H. W. Rev. CHARLES H. H. WRIGHT, D.D., Ph.D., Bampton Lecturer, Oxford, 1878 ; Donnellan Lecturer, Dublin, 1880-81; and Examiner in Hebrew, in the University of London. V., Y. THE EDITOR, assisted by Various Contributors. LIST OF MANUSCRIPTS. The MSS. used in the preparation of this work include the following:— I. Tlie Bodleian. i. Ashmole. 1285. 292, i. 1291. 1082, ii. 1398. xiii. H. pt. ii. •1523. 551, i. 1525. 551, i. ii. Barlow. 6. 1042, ii. 41. 292, i. iii. Bodley. 113. 886, i- 579. 1041, ii. 775. 1042, ii iv. Canonici. Bibl. l.xiii.H. pt. ii-„ 30.xiii.H. pt. ii.„ 40.xiii.H. ].t. ii.Lat. 112.1325.H. pt. ii.„ 273.XV.H. pt. ii.Misc. 95. xiii-xiv.H. pt. ii.„ 100.XV.H. pt. ii.„ 266.xii.H. pt. ii.„ 528.XV.H. pt. ii.Script. 89.XV.H. pt. ii.„ 131. xiii.H. pt. ii.„ 223., XV.H. pt. ii.v. Digby2.xiii.H. pt. ii.19.xiv.H. pt. ii.53.xii.H pt. ii.65.533, ii.86.xiii.H. pt. ii.100.xiv.H. pt. ii.166. xiii-xiv.H. pt. ii.vi. Douce. 127. 222. 296. vii. Juntos. 25. 74. 110. 121. viii. Laud. Lat. 5. „ 95. 1122, i. 1042, ii. 1122, i. 1127, i. 1127, i. 1127, i. 1043, i. 988, i. 988, i. I. Latin MSS. Lat. 96. Misc. 4. 216. 240. 1122, i. 1139, i. H. pt. ii. H. pt. ii. H. pt. ii. H. pt. ii. H. pt. ii. 652, ii. 1207, i. 1186, ii. 585, ii. H. pt. ii. ix. Liturg. Misc. xi. xii. 269. xiii. 352. xiv. 368. xv. 384. 468. 524. 668. 748. XV. 27. 104. 163. 202. 251. 297. 320. 339. 340. 341. 354. 359. 366. 370. 372. 1043, i. 991, ii. 295, i. 1092, ii. 1082, ii. 1092, ii. 375, ii. 986, i. 1043, i. 1043, i. 662, ii. 1206, ii. 272, ii. 986, i. 608, i. x. Rawlinson. A. 420. xiii-xiv. H. pt. ii. B. 214. C. 73. C. 90. C. 108. C. 510. C. 553. C. 938. H. pt. ii. 320, ii. 1186, i. H. pt. ii. 5S6, i. H. pt. ii. xiii. H. pt. ii. xi. University College. Hereford Missal 1042, ii. York Missal 1043, i. II. British Museum. i. Additional. 8902. 1186, ii. 10546. 1220, ii. 11414. 1213, i. 11669. 1042, ii. 12194. 1043, i. 16905. 1042, ii. 17280. xv. H. pt.ii. 18192. 18301. 18302. 18304. 18318. 19768. 21170. 21927. 22U04. 23935. 24193. 24680. 26788. 31,014. 30058. 30846. 31848. 30849. 30850. 30851. 30935. 31032. 31385. Xi. xiii. xii. xiv. ii. Arundel. 60. 155. 156. 201. xiii. 214. 340. iii. Cotton. Caligula A. xiv. Claudius A. iii. Cleopatra A. ii. xi. „ C. vi. ix. Julius A. vi. Nero A. ii. xi. „ E. i. xi. Titus 1). xxvii. Vespasian A. i. ,, D. xii. Vitellius E. xviii. iv. Harley. 524. xv. 863. 2882. 2891. 2928. 2942. 1082, ii. 551, i. 1215, ii. 967, ii. 586, ii. 1042, ii. H. pt. ii. 1201, i. H. pt. ii. 1042, ii. 1219, ii. 1213, i. 1051. 584, ii. 1042, ii. 880, i. 576, i. 720, ii. 1206, ii. 547, i. 1201, ii. 967, ii. H. pt. ii. 1122, ii. 1220, i. 1043, i. H. pt. ii. 1082, ii. 551, ii. 1042, ii. 1130, ii. H. pt. ii. II. pt. ii. 546, ii. H. pt. ii. H. pt. ii. 1206, ii. 291, i. 546, ii. 1220, ii. H. pt. ii. 1122, ii. 1201, i. 705, i. 547, i. 1049, i. 2951886, i.2961546, ii.3072X.H. pt. ii.4664551, ii.4951426, ii.V.Lansdowne.387.XV.1051.432.608. i.vi. Royal. : 2 A. x. 2 A. xiv. 2 A. xx. 2 B iv. 2B. v. 7 A. vi. 7 E. ix. 8B. i. 8 C. xiii. 99, ii. 51, ii. 4, i. 1042, ii. 1220, ii. 1201, ii. 967, ii. 1201, ii. 1042, ii. III. Cambridge. i. Corpus Christi College. 146. 1209, i. 190. xi. ~ 371. xii. 390. xiii. 391. 473. H. pt. ii. H. pt. ii. H. pt. ii. 547, i. 1042, ii. ii. St. John's College. C. 15. 1122, i. iii. University Library. Gg. i. 32. xv. H. pt. ii. Gg. v. 35. xii. H. pt. ii. LI. i. 10. 1122, i.& 1213, i. Nn. iv. 11. 551, i. IV. Dublin. Trinity College E. 4, 2. 1120. Franciscan Convent. 1120. A. iv. 19. B. iii. 32. V. Durham. 1219, ii. 546, ii. VI. Lambeth. 427. 1128, i. 558. 91. The MSS. in the above list include only the Latin MSS. found in British Libraries, and cited at pp. 1-1306 of this Dictionary. Many other MSS. have been examined at the British Museum, the. Bodleian, Cambridge, Durham, Lambeth, Lincoln, York, &c, which are not included in this list because they are mostly later than 1200, and did not give results of sufficient importance to be referred to in the notes on the individual hymns. The references to H. pt. ii. mean that the MSS. so marked are only mentioned in Pt. ii. of the article Hymnarium, and in these cases the approximate dates of the MSS. are also given. In other- cases the references in this work indicate the pages where concise descriptions of the various MSS. will be found. In regard to the Latin MSS. it must be noted that the earliest and best only are cited in the body of the Dictionary, so that if e.g. a hymn is found ( xvi ) • in a MS. of the 11th cent., later MSS., unless of special importance, are not mentioned. References to a large number of MSS. in Continental Libraries will also be found in the notes on the individual Latin hymns, and at p. 813. These MSS. are mostly in the Bibliotheque Nationale and the Arsenal at Paris the Stiftsbibliothelc at St. Gall, the Vatican Library at Rome, the Ambrosian at Milan, the Royal Libraries at Berlin and Munich, and the Libraries at Wolfenbuttel, Darmstadt, Einsiedeln, Zurich, &c. Besides these, various MSS. found in other libraries are cited through the works of Daniel, Mone and Breves. II. English MSS. The English MSS. which have been largely used in this work, and especially by the Editor in the unsigned articles and those with his signature appended thereto, include the following groups :— 1. G. MSS. R. Campbell's 3ISS. Property of Mrs. E. Campbell. 2. D. MSS. P. Doddridge's MSS. Property of the Rooker family. 3. E. MSS. The Editor's MSS. Property of the Church House. 4. G. MSS. T. H. Gill's MSS. Property of the Church House. 5. H. MSS. W. J. HalVs 3ISS. Property of the Hall family. 6. Hav. MSS. The Havergal'MSS. Property of the Havergal family. 7. Mid. MSS. A. Midlands MSS. Property of the Church House. 8. M. MSS. J. Montgomery's MSS. Property of J. H. Brammall, Esq. 9. R. MSS. T. Raffles"s MSS. Property of the Raffles family. 10. S. MSS. D. SedgivicVs MSS. Property of the Church House, Westminster. 11. Sc. MSS. Elizabeth Scott's MSS. Property of Yale University, U.S.A. ABBREVIATIONS. In this Dictionary nearly eight hundred abbreviations have been used. Of these a large proportion are self-evident, and others, being in common use, are not repeated here. In this Table, therefore, those only are given which are for the most part peculiar to this work. In several instances pages are given instead of explanations. This has been done because the details given on the pages indicated are not only too full for repetition, but are also of great value to the Header. See also Supplemental List on p. xviii. A. B. C. See p. 738, ii. A. B. M. See p. 738, ii. A. H. (Wetzel's). See p. 1226, ii. A.M.K Seep. 738, ii. A. P. M. See p. 738, ii. A. V. Authorized Version. A. & M. Ancient and Modern. Add. Additional. Aest. Aestiva. Alford. See P. 39, ii. All(). Deutsche Biog. See p. xviii. 1. Allg. G. B. See pp. 193, i.; 512, ii. Amer. Ger. American German. Anth. Graec. Carm. Christ. See p. 456, ii. Appx. Appendix. Aug. Augustine. Aut. Autumnal is. B. M. British Museum. B.M.8. Seep. 738, ii. B. MSS. Brooke MSS., p. 184, i. B. V. M. Blessed Virgin Mary. Bap. H. Bk. Baptist Hymn Book. Bap. Hyl. Baptist Hymnal. Barry. See p. 340, ii." Basnler. See p. 656, i. 4. Bdumker. See p. xviii. 2. Bibl. Nat Bibliotheque Nationale. Bode. See p. 1565, ii. Brev. Breviary. Brit. Maq. British Magazine. Briider (J. B. See p. 768, ii. Burrage. See p. 1526, i. C. B. Chorale Book. C. M. 8. See p. 738, u. C. M88. Campbell MSS. See pp. xvL ; 202, i. C. P. & H. Bk. See Mercer. C. Q. R. Church Quarterly Review. C. U, Common Use. Calig. Caligula. Casmnder. See p. 655, i. Cathem Hymn. See p. 914, ii. (*). Ch. & Home. Church and Home. Ch. Hys. Church Hymns. Chope. See p. 223, ii. Claud. Claudius. Clichtovaeus. See p. 648, ii. Coll. Collection. Cong. H. Bk. Congregational Hymn Book. D. C. District of Columbia. D. MSS. Doddridge MSS. See pp. xvi.; 305, ii.; 1560, i. Dan. Thes. Hymn. See Daniel Daniel. See p. 275, i. Dreves. See p. xviii. 3. Duffield. See p. 1526, i. E.MS8. The Editor's MSS. See p. xvi, E. V. Evangelical Union. Ev. L. S. bee p. 627, ii. Evang. Hyl. Evangelical Hymnal. Evany. Mag. Evangelical Magazine. Evang. U. Evangelical Union. F. C. Free Church. F. C. 8. See p. 738, ii. Fabricius. See p. 586, ii. Fasc. Fasciculus. Fischer. See p. 377, i. G. B. Gesang-Buch. G. E. L. German Evangelical Lutheran. G. L. S. See p. 626, ii. G. MSS. Gill MSS. See pp. xvi.; 421, i. Goedeke's Grundriss. See p. 1565, i. Gospel Mag. Gospel Magazine. H. A. and M. Hymns Ancient and Modern. H. B. 8. Henry Bradshaw Society. H. Bk. Hymn Book. H. E. C. Hymns of the Eastern Church. H. H. Bk. Home Hymn Book. H. L. L. See p. 163, ii. H. MSS. Hall MSS. See pp. xvi.; 481, ii. H. Noted. Hymnal Noted. | Harl. Harley. ! HarUnd. See p. 491, i. ' Hatfieid. See p. 1526, i. ! Hav. MSS. Havergal MSS. See pp. xvi.; 496, ii.; 498, i. Heb. Hebrew. Heerwagen. See p. xii. 4. Hoffmann. See p. 418, ii. Horae Ger. See p. 736, i. Hy. Angl. Hymnarium Anglicanum. Hy. Comp. Hymnal Companion. Hymn. Sarisb. Hymnarium Sarisburiense. Jul. Julius. K. 8. M. Kehrein. See p. 738, ii See p. 1042, I ( xviii ) Kennedy. See p. 622, i. Koch. See p. 630, ii. KOnigtfeld. See p. 656, L Kraus. See p. xviii. 5. L. M. S. See p. 738, ii. L. 8. N. See p. 812,i. Lat. Hys. Latin Hymns. Leyser. See p. 655, *i. 7. Lib. of R. P. See p. 1004, . Luth. Ch. Bk. Lutheran Church Book. Luth. Hyl. Lutheran Hymnal. Lyra Brit. Lyra Britannica. See p. 339, ii. Lyra Ger. Lyra Germanica. Lyra Sac. Amer. Lyra Sacra Americana. M. M. See p. 738, ii. M. MSS. Montgomery MSS. See pp. xvi.; 763, ii. Madan. See p. 709, ii. Mag. Magazine. Mass. Massachusetts. Med. Hys. Mediaeval Hymns. Mercer. See p. 725, i. Meth. Episco. Methodist Episcopal. Meth. F. C. Methodist Free Church. Meth. H. Bk. Methodist Hymn Book. Mid.MSS. MidlaneMSS. Seepp.xvi.; 733,ii. Mirfne. See p. 656, i. 13. Miller. See p. 735, ii. Misc. Miscellaneous. MisseUWeale. See p. 1700, ii. Mitre. Mitre H. Bk. See p. 481, ii Mone. See p. 762, i. Morel See p. 656, ii. Mutzell See pp. xviii. 6; 418, ii. N. D. Not dated. N. Cong. H. Bk. New Congregational Hymn Book. N. E. New England. N. H. New Hampshire. N. P. No Publisher's Name. N. 8. New Style of dating. N. T. New Testament. N. V. New Version. N. Y. New York. Nutter. See p. 1526, i. O. H. Bk. See p. 532, i. O. O. H. Bk. See p. 1081, ii. O. S. Old Style of dating. 0. V. Old Version. P. A. Pastoral Association. P. Bk. Prayer Book. Pa. Pennsylvania. Patrol See p. 656, i. 13. People's H. People's Hymnal. Phila. Philadelphia. PP. Graec. Patrology: Series Graeca. PP. Lat. Patrology: Series Latina. Presb. Presbyterian. Ps. & Hy8. Psalms and Hymns. R. C. Roman Catholic. R. I. Rhode Island. R. MSS. Raffles MSS. See pp. xvi.; 949, ii. R. T. 8. Religious Tract Society. R. V. Revised Version. Ramhach. See p. 950, i. Raid. Rawlinson. Repertorium. See p. 1662, i. Rippon. See p. 964, i. Rom. Brev. Roman Breviary. 8. C. South Carolina. S. J. Society of Jesus. 8. MSS. Sedgwick MSS. See pp. xvi.; 1036, ii. 8. of G. & G. See p. 340, ii. 39. 8. P. C. K. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 8. P. G. See p. 738, a. 8. S. H. Bk. Sunday School Hymn Book. 8. 8. U. H. Bk. Sunday School Union Hymn Book. Sarum Hyl. See p. 340, ii. 29. 8c. MSS. Scott (E.) MSS. See pp. xvi; 1019, ii. Sel. Selection; Selected. Simrock. See p. 656, i 5. Skinner. See p. 1061, ii. Snepp. See p. 340, ii. 39. Songs of G. & G. See p. 340, ii 39. Supp. Supplement. Suppl. Supplemental. T. & B. Tate and Brady. Thomasiii8. See p. xviii. 7. Tliriny. See p. 1173, i. Toplady. See p. 1182, ii. Tr. Translation; Translated. Trench. See pp. 655, ii.; 1185, i Trs. Translations. Trs. and Par. Translations and Paraphrases. U.M. United Methodist. If. P. United Presbyterian. U. &, U. S. A. United States of America. Unv. L. S. See p. xviii. 8. Ver. Verna. Versuch. See p. 192, ii. Vesp. Vespasian. W. M. S. See p. 738, ii. Wackernacjel: See p. 1230, ii. Wes. H. Bk. Wesleyan Hymn Book. Wetzel. See p. 1266, ii. Whitefield. See p. 332, i. Wrangham. See p. 1596, ii. FULLER TITLES OF CERTAIN WORKS REFERRED TO ABOVE. 1. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (Leipzig, 1875, &c.) of the Munich Academy of Sciences. 2. Das Katholische deutsche Kirchenlied in scinen Singweisen. By W. B&uinker, vol. i., Freiburg in Baden, 1886; ii., 1883. 3. Analecta Hymnica Medii Aevi. Edited by G. M. Dreves, S.J. 4. Litteraturgeschichte der evangelischen Kirchcnlieder. By F. F. T. Heerwagen, vol. i., Schweinfurth, 1792; ii., 1797. 5. Geistliche Lieder im neunzehnten Jahrhundert. By Otto Kraus. Gtttersloh, 1879. 6. Geistliche Lieder der evangelischen Kirche aus dem siebzehnten und der ersten Halfte des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts. By Dr. J. Mtltzell. Brunswick, 1858. 7. J. M. Thomasii S. R. E. Cardinalis Opera Omnia, vol. ii., Rome, 1747, contains a Hymnarium. 8. Unverfdlschter Liedersegen. Berlin, 1851. Edited by G. C. H. Stip. A DICTIONARY OF HYMNOLOGY DICTIONARY OF HYMNOLOGY. A A. In Bristol Bapt. Coll. by Ash & Evans. 1st cd. 1769 ; i.e. Joseph Addison. A. in Collyer's Coll. 1812, this is the initial of Ann Gilbert, nee Taylor. A. C. C. in the Hymnary. u A Chester Canon;" i.e. Canon William Cooke. A. K. B. G-. in the Divine Hymnal, 1860; i.c. A. K. B. Granville. A. L. P. a nom de plume of Dr. Little-dale's in the People's H.; i.e. " A London Priest." A. L. W. in various Collections; i.c. Anna L. Waring. A. M. Gh, i.e. Anna Maria Glennie. [Smith, nee Glennie] in Thrupp's Ps. & Hys.f 1853. A. B. Initials adopted by George Burder in the Gospel Magazine. A. R. C. in The Service of Praise, by J. H. Wilson ; i.e. Anne Boss Cousin, nee Cundell. A. R. T. in the American Dutch Reformed Hys. of the Church, 1869; i.e. the Rev. Alexander Ramsay Thompson, d.d. A. R. W. in the Amer. Bapt. Praise Booh, 1871; i.e. A. R. Wolfe. A. T., i.e. Adelaide Thrupp, in Thrupp's Ps. & Hymns, 1853. A. T. R. in Ps. & Hymns, by the Rev. A. T. Russell, 1851, are the initials of the Editor. A------y. in the Gospel Magazine, is the nom de plume of Job Hupton. It stands for Ashby, the parish in which he lived. A beautiful land by faith I see. [Heaven.] Given Anon, in the Amer. Shining Star, N. Y. 1862, No. 74 in 4 st. of 4 1. and chorus, and entitled, " The beautiful land." It is in extensive use in America, and is found also in a few English S. S. collections. In S. Booth's S. 8. H Bk., Brooklyn, U.S., 1863, it is credited to " J. Hall." A car of fire is on the air. W. W. Hull [Death and Burial.'] Contributed to b\B Coll. of Hys. for Gen. Use, commonly known as A Churchman's Hymns, 1833. No. 2, in 3 st. of 6 1. In 1863 it was reprinted without alteration, in Kennedy, No. 1176. A charge to keep I have. C. Wesley. [Personal Responsibility.'] 1st pub. in his Short Hymns on Select Passages of Holy Scripture, 1762, vol. i.. No. 188, in 2 st. of 8 1. and based on Lev. viii. 35. It was omitted from the 2nd ed. of the Short Hymns, &c, 1794, but included in the Wes. H. Bk. 1780, and in the P. Works of J. $ C. Wesley, 1868-72, vol. ix., pp. 60, 61. Its use has been most extensive both in G. Brit, and America, and usually it is given in an unaltered form, as in the Wes. H. Bk. No. 318; and the Evang. Hymnal, N. York, No. 320. The line, " tfrora youth to hoary age," in the Amer. Prot Episcop. Hyl, No. 474, is from the Amer. P. Bk. Coll., 1826. A children's temple here we build. J". Montgomery, [The Erection of « Sunday School.] This hymn was written for tho opening of the* first Sunday School building in Wincobank, Sheffield. The MS.—which is in the Wincobank Hall Collection of mss.—is dated "December 18, 1840," and signed *' J. M." The building was opened on the 13th of April, 1841, the hymn being printed on a fly-leaf for the occasion. In 1853, Montgomery included it in his Original Hymns, No. 313, in 6 st. of 4 1. and entitled it "The erection of a Sunday School." In the Meth. S. S. H. Bk. 1879, No. 512, st. iv. is omitted, and slight changes are also introduced. Orig. text in Orig. Hys., 1853, p. 333. The hymn by Mrs. Gilbert, ne'e Ann Taylor, " We thank tho Lord of heaven and earth," was also written for, and sung on, the game occasion. This hymn has not come into C. U. A day, a day of glory. J. M. Neale. [Christmas.] A carol written expressly for E. Sedding's Antient Christmas Carols, 1860. It is No. 6 of the «• Christmas Carole," in 4 st. of 81. In 1867 it was reprinted iu the People's H., No. 29. A debtor to mercy alone. A. M. Top-lady. [Assurance of Faith.] Contributed to the Gospel Magazine, May, 1771, in 3 st. of 8.1., and included in Toplady's Ps. 37—8. A fulness resides in Jesus our Head. «r, Fawcett [Fulness of Christ], 1st pub. in his Hymns adapted to the Circumstances of Pub. Worship and Priv. Devotion, 1782, No. 96; in 5 st. of 8 1. This was reprinted in Ripporj's A LITTLE LAMB Sel., 1787, No. 150, and from thence passed into various collections in G. Brit, and America. Orig. text in Bap. Ps. & Hys., 1858-80. A glance from heaven, with sweet effect. /. Newton. [Lightning.] This hymn, dealing with the "moral and spiritual thoughts suggested by " Lightning in the night," appeared in the Gospel Magazine, April, 1775, in the Olney Hymns, 1779, Bk. ii., No. 84, in 7 st. of 4 1., and later eds. It is No. 301 of Martineaus Hys., &c, 1840-1851, and 429 in J. H. Thorn's Hymns, 1858. A glory in the word we find. [Holy Scriptures.] A cento given in J. Campbells Comprehensive II. Bit., Lond., 1837, No. 837,. in 4 st. of 4 1., from whence it has passed, unaltered, into a few American hymnals. A part of this cento is from W. Hum's Coll, 3rd ed., 1833, No. 435. It is not in C. U. in G.Brit. [W.T.B.] A good High Priest is come. J. Cennick. [Priesthood of Christ] 1st pub. in Pt. iii. of his Sacred Hymns for the Use of Religious Societies, Lon., 1744, No. exxi. in 9 st. of 6 1., pp. 196-198. In 1753 G. Whitefield included st. i. iv. v. yi. and ix. in his Voll. of Ilys., No. xliy., and it was retained in subsequent eds. This arrangement, with slight alterations, was repub. in Rippon's Sel. 1787, No. 190, and later eds., and from thence lias passed into other collections in G. Brit, and America. In some works it is still further abbreviated. Orig. text in Lyra Brit, 1867, p. 134. A helm upon my brow I wear. S. J. Stone. [Christian Armour.] Contributed to his poems, The Knight of Intercession, &c, 1872, in 4 sL of 4 1., from whence it passed into P. J. Richardson's Lent Manual for Busy People, &c, 1884, p. 64. Also repeated in the author's Carmina Uonsecrata, 1884. A little child the Saviour came. W. Robertson. [Holy Baptism.] Contributed to the Scot. Eslab. Ch. Hymns for Pub. Worship, 1861, and repub. in their Scottish Hymnal, 1870,,No. 181, in 5 st. of 41. In the American collections it has attained to a more extensive use than in those in G. Brit., but in every case, as in Hatfield's Ch. II. Bk., 1872, the Hys. & Songs of Praise, 1874, the Pres. Hymnal, Phil., 1874, and others, it is attributed in error to the elder W. Robertson, who was associated with the Scottish Trs. and Par. of 1745. A little flock! So calls He thee. H. Bonar. [Church of Christ] A poem, in 13 st. of 41. on the Church as " The Little Flock." It appeared in the 1st series of his Hymns of Faith and Hope, 1857; and later eds. In Kennedy, 1863, No. 1404, it is re-arranged in three parts: (1) " Church of the everlasting God "; (2) « A little flock ! So calls He thee "; (3) " A little flock! 'Tis well, 'tis well." In the American Manual of Praise, 1880, there is a cento beginning with the 1st stanza, and in the College and other hymn-books a second, as " Church of the Everliving God." A little lamb went straying. A. Mid-lane, [Children's Hymn.] Written in Jan., A LITTLE SHIP 1859, and first printed in the Marcli No. of the Good News Magazine, 1860, 5 st. of 8 1. In 1864 it passed into the H. Bk. for Youth, No. 13, and subsequently into other collections, but mainly those for children. A little ship was on the sea. Dorothy A. Thrupp. [Peace.] Contributed to Mrs. H. Mayo's Sel. of Hymns, &c, 2nd ed., 1840, in 9 st. of 4 L, entitled "The Little Ship on the Waves,*' and signed " d. a. t." As a hymn for children it is most popular, and is found in numerous collections both in G. Brit, and America. A little while and every fear. R. K. Ghreville. [Private Use."] 1st printed in The  %Amethyst, Edin. Oliphant, 1834, and again in The Church of Eng. H. Bk, &c, 1838, No. 592, in 3 st. of-8 1., and entitled "The Believer waiting for the Lord." In 1863 it was included with alterations in Kennedy, No. 783; but its use is not extensive, outside the collections of the Plymouth Brethren. A little while—our Lord shall come. /. G. Deck. [Advent] Appeared in the Appendix to Hys. for the Poor of the Flock, 1841, in 4 st. of 6 1., and later collections of the Plym. Brethren. It passed into Dr. Walker's Cheltenham Coll., 1855 ; Snepp's Songs of G. & G., 1872, and others. Orig. text in Snepp, with st. i. 1. 4,'• hath gone" for "has gone." A look to Jesus saves the soul. A. Midlane. [Jesus only."] Written in March, 1862, and 1st pub. in his Gospel Echoes, 1865. No. 101, in 5 st. of 4 1. from whence it passed into Lord A. Cecil's Canadian Hymn Book for Gospel Meetings, Ottawa, 1871, No. 17, Broom's Good News H Bk., 1883, and others of a similar kind. A mighty mystery we set forth. G. Bawson. [Holy Baptism.] Written in 1857, and 1st pub. in the Bapt. Ps. & Rys., 1858-80, No. 695, in 4 st. of 4 1. It is based on Bom. vi 3, " Baptized into His death," &c. Its use is limited. A mourning class, a vacant seat. [Death of a Scholar.] Appeared anonymously in the Amer. Union Hymns, Phil. S. S. U., 1835, No. 285, in 5 st. of 4 1., and headed " Death of a Scholar." It has been repeated in later editions of the Union Hys., and is in extensive use in America. In G. Brit, it has been adopted by a few S. S. hymn-books only. Orig. text, Meth. F. C. S. S. H. Bk., 1869, No. 358, with the for his in st. ii. 1. 2. [W. T. B.] A nation God delights to bless. C. Wesley. [National Peace!] The second of two hymns on Job xxxiv. 29,1st pub. in his Short Hymns. &c, 1762, vol. i., No. 771, in 2 st. of 6 1., in 2nd ed., 1794, and in P. Works, 1868-72, vol. ix. p. 268. It was included in the Wes. H. Bk., 1780, No. 454, and retained in new ed. 1875, No, 466. A Patre Unigenitus. Anon. [Epiphany.'] Daniel, in vol. i., 1841, and later ed. A PILGRIM THROUGH 3 No. 210, gives only the first four lines of this hymn as belonging to a hymn for the Fea^t of the Epiphany, of uncertain authorship, date between the 10th and 13th centuries. In the ancient mss. in the British Museum, however, this hymn is found in three of the 11th cent. (Harl. 2961, f. 230; Ju». A. vi. f. 366; Vesp. D. xii. f. 436). In the Latin Hys. of the Anglo-Saxon Church (Surtees Society), 1851, p. 53, it is reprinted in full from a Durham ms. of the 11th cent. In 1853, Mone gave the full text in vol. i., No. 59, in 6 st. of 4 1., heading it, " In Epiphania ad nocturnum," and added an extended note on the text, with references to a 15th cent. ms. at Stuttgart; and to Tho-masius, &c. This text, with the notes and an addition or two including a reference to a ms. of the monastery of Rheinau, of the 11th ceet. was repeated by Daniel, vol. iv. (1855), p. 151. It is also in the Hymn. SarisJ). Lond., 1851, p. 26, as a hymn at Lauds in the Epiphany, and through the octave; where are also given the variations of York (used at Matins during the same period) ; of Evesham; Worcester, &c. It is also in Wackernagel, i., No. 173; in Card. Newman's Hymni Eccl, 1838-65, and others. It may be noticed that the original is an acrostic from A tp T inclusively. The Gloria, of course, does not follow this arrangement. [W. A. S.] Translations in C. U. :— 1. From God, to visit Earth forlorn. By J. D. Chambers in his Lauda Syon, Pt. 1,1857, p. 109, in 6 st. of 4 1. This is given in an altered form as: " From God the Father comes to earth" in the Appendix to the Hymnal N.} No. 131. 2. God's Sole-Begotten came. By R. F. Little-dale, made for, and 1st pub. in the People's //., 1867, No. 44, and signed "A. L. P." 3. Sent down by God to this world's frame. By J. M. Neale: probably originally made for the Hymnal JV"., 1852, as the first line in Latin appears in the original prospectus. Another Epiphany hymn was, however, given, and this tr. seems not to have been printed till the St. Margaret's Hymnal, 1875, whence it passed through the Antiphoner and Grail, 1880, into the Hymner, 1882, No. 20. [J. J.] A pilgrim through this lonely world. Sir E. Denny. [Passiontide] 1st pub. in his Sel. of Hymns, &c, 1839, No. 11, in 8 st. of 4 1., and iu his Hymns and Poems, 1848. It was also repub. in various collections of the Plymouth Brethren—including Hys. for the Poor of the Flock, 1841, and Ps. and Hys., Lond. Walther, 1842, Pt. ii., No. 32. It is adopted also by Dr. Walker, in his CJieltenham Coll., 1855; the Hy. Comp., No. 162, and Snepp's 8. of G. & G., No. 220, and a few others amongst the Oh. of England hymnals. Its principal use, however, is in America, where it is found in numerous collections, mostly in an abbreviated form, and in many instances attributed in error to Dr. Bmar. Orig. text in Lyra Brit, 1867, p. 183. It is 4 A SINFUL MAN well adapted for Holy Week, and for special services dwelling on the Sacrifice of Christ. A sinful man am I. H. Bonar. [Invitation.] With the title, "Come unto Me," this hymn appeared in his Hymns of Faith and Hope, 3rd Series, 1867, in 7 st. of 4 1., s.m. In Kemble's New Church H. Bk., 1873, it is given without alteration, but its use, both in G. Brit, and America, is very limited. A solis ortus cardine. Ad usque. Coeliw Sedulius. [Christmas.'] This hymn, which opens with the same first stanza as the next annotated herein, with the exception of Et for ** Ad" in line 2, may be distinguished therefrom by the second stanza, which reads;— " Beatus auctor saeculi Servile corpus induit, Ut came carnem liberal) s Ne perderet quos condidit." It is a poem, dating from the first half of the 5th cent., in 23 st. of 4 1., entitled Paean Alphabeticu8 de Christo (''A triumphal song concerning Christ, arranged according to the letters of the alphabet.") The subject is a devout description of the Life of Christ in verse. The full text is found in au 8th cent. ms. in the British Museum (mss. Reg. 2 A. xx. f. 50), and is also given in the numerous editions of Sedulius's Works (that of Faustus Arcvalus, Rome, 1794, especially); in the works of Thomasim from Vatican mss. of the 8th and 9th cents.; in Wackernagel, i., No. 48, and others. For ecclesiastical purposes it has been broken up into two hymns, the first known as A solis ortus cardine, and the second, Hostis Herodes impie, with the Rom. Brev. form of the same, Crudelis Herodes, Deum. Following the order of this arrangement, the details are:— i. A solis ortus cardine. The text of this portion of the poem comprises 28 lines of the original (stanzas a to g, inclusive), and may be found in Daniel, i. No. 119, the old text and revised Rom. Brev. version being given in parallel columns, followed by various readings, &c. It is given in the Rom. Brev., (text in Card. Newman's Hymni Ecclesiae, 1838) as the hymn at Lauds on Christmas Day; on the 30th of December, the only day in the Octave not occupied by a Festival; on the Octave itself; the Feast of the Circumcision; and on the Vigil of the Epiphany. The doxologies in the Roman and Sarum Uses are no part of the original hymn. This hymn is met with in most old Breviaries. Also in two Ms*, of the 11th cent, in the British Museum (Harl. 2961, f. 226 ; and Jul. A. vi. f. 396), &c. In the Latin Hys. of the Anglo-Saxon Church, 1851, p. 50, it is printed from a Durham us. of the llth cent. In the Hymn. Sarisb., Lond., 1851, pp. 15, 16, it is given for Lauds on Christmas Day, with variations from the uses of York, St. Alban's, Eoesham, Worcester, Anglo-Saxon mss. (Surtees Society, 1851), various Collections, &c. York assigns it to i^auds and Vespers on Christmas Day, and Lauds on the Vigil of the Epiphany. So Worcester and Evesham, with an extension to the Yeast of the Purification. Its use is thus seen to have been very extensive in England. Daniel, iv. 144-5, gives further references of importance. The hymn, with the strophe h in addition, is given for Vespers on the Feast of the Annunciation, Dec. 18 (see Coelestis ales nuntiat), in the Mozarabic Brev. (Migne's Patrol., torn. 86. col. 1291). [W. A. S.] A SOLIS ORTUS Of this part of the poem (omitting the Mozarabic form) the following trs. have been made:— Translations in C. U.:— 1. From the far-blazing gate of morn. By E. Caswall from the Rom. Brev., 1st pub. in his Lyra Catholica, 1849, in 8 st. of 4 1., 49-51, and again in his Hys. fy Poems, 1873, p. 27. This was given in the Hymnary, 1872, No. 126, as:— ** From lands that see the sun arise," the first line being borrowed from Dr. Neale's L.M. version as under. 2. From lands that see the sun arise, To earth's, &c. By J. M. Neale, from the old text, 1st pub. in the Hymnal N., 1852, in 8 st. of 4 1., and again in later editions of the same, and in other hymnals. 3. From where the sunshine hath its birth. By R. F. Littledale, made from the old text for, and 1st pub. in the People's IL, 1867, No. 26, in 8 st. of 4 1., and signed "A. L. P." 4. From east to west, from shore to shore. By J. Ellerton. This is a cento of 5 st., four of which are from this hymn (st. i., ii., vi., vii.), and the last is original, written in 1870), and 1st pub. in Church Hys., 1871. No. 78. It is the most acceptable form of the hymn for congregational use. Translations not in G. IT. :— 1. From every part o'er which the sun. Primer, 1706. 2. From the faint dayspring's, &c. Mant, 1837. 3. From far sunrise at early morn. Copeland, 1348. 4. From the first dayspring's, &c. Blew, 1852. 5. From climes which see, &c. Chambers, 1857. 6. Now from the rising of the sun. Wallace, 1874. 7. From where the rising sun, &c. F. Trappes, 1865. Other trs. of this hymn have been made into English through the German, thus noted by Mr. Mearns:— Christum wir sollen loben schon. A full and faithful tr. by Martin Luther, 1st pub. in Eyn Enchiridion, Erfurt, 1524, and thence in Wacker-nagel's D. Kirchenlied, iii. p. 13, in 8 sts. of 4 1. Included in Schircks's ed. of Luther's Geistliche Lieder, 1854, p. 7, and as No. 25 in the Unv. L. S., 1851. Of this the trs. in C. U. are:—(I) Christ, whom the Virgin Mary bore, omitting sts. iii.—v. by C. Kinchen (J. Swertner ?), as No. 42 in the Moravian H. Bk., 1789, and continued, altered, in later eds. Included as No. 83 in Pratt's Coll., 1829. (2) Now praise we Christ, the Holy One, from R. Massie's M. Luther*s Spirit. Songs, 1854, p. 9, as No. 30 in the Ohio Luth. Hyl. 1880. Other trs. are :— (1) "To Christ be now our homage paid," as No. 154 in pt. iii. of the Moravian H. Bk., 1748, No. 212 in pt. i., 1754. (2) " Soon shall our voices praise," by Miss Fry, 1845. (3) " Let now all honour due be done," by Dr. J. Hunt, 1853, p. 34. (4) "There should to Christ be praises sung," by Miss Manington, 1864, p. 23. (5) " Jesus we now must laud and sing," by Dr. G. Mac-donald, in the Sunday Magazine, 1867, p. 151; and thence, altered, in his Exotics, 1876, p. 42. [J. J.] ii. The second portion of this poem is the Epiphany hymn Hostis Herodes impie, found in many Breviaries, and consisting of lines 29-36, 41-44, and 49-52, or in other words, the strophes commencing with h, i, I, n, s. The text is given in Daniel, i. No. 120, together with references to various Breviaries, &c. A SOLIS In the Hpnn. Sartib., Lond., 1851, it is given as the Hymn at first and second vespers on the Feast of the Epiphany, and daily through the Octave at Matins and Vespers; with various readings from the uses of York (which assigns it to first and second vespers and Lauds on the Epiphany, and daily through the Octave), of Eoesham and Worcester (through the Epiphany at vespers), St. Alban's (Vespers and Lauds), St. Andrew de Bromholm, Norfolk (Lauds). Daniel, iv. 148, 370, cites it as in a Bheinau ms. of the 9th cent., and a Bern hs. of the 9th cent. In the British Museum it is also found in a 11th cent. ms. (Jul. A. vi. f. 36) and others; and in the Latin Hys. of the Anglo-Saxon Church, 1851, p. 51, it is printed from a Durham ms. of the 11th cent. The strophe Katerva matrum (the troop of mothers) occurs in a ms. of the Harleian Library, of the 11th cent. (2961, f. 2296), as a hymn for the Holy Innocents. In the Mozarabic Brev. Hostis Herodes impie is the Hymn at Lauds for the Epiphany, the strophes h, t, I, n, q, r, *» t, v, x, y, z of the original being used, with doxology. Strophes le, m, o, p, with two additional, and a doxology, are used in this rite on the Feast of the Holy Innocents at Ijauds; or " In Allisione Iufantium, sive Sanctorum Innocentium," " On the dashing to pieces of the Infants, or Holy Innocents." (See Psalm cxxxvii., v. 9, English version; Ps. cxxxvi., v. 9, in the Latin; for the idea.) In Migne's Patrol, the hymns wiil be found in col. 184, 185, and 135,136 of torn. 86 respectively. [W. A. S.] Translations in C. U. :— 1. How vain was impious Herod's dread. By A. T. Russell, in his Ps. and Hys., 1851, No. 71, and with alterations, into Kennedy, 1863, No. 226. 2. Why, impious Herod, vainly fear. By J. M. Neale, in the 1st ed. of the Hymnal N., 1852, No. 17, from whence it passed into later editions of the same, the People's H., 1867, the Hymner, 1882, and others. In H. A. and Jf., 1861, it is given in an altered form, as :—u Why doth that impious Herod fear?" but in the enlarged and revised ed. 1875, the opening line is again altered to, " How vain the cruel Herod*s fear." Another form is that of the Hymnary, 1872, where it reads :—" The star proclaims the King is here." It was thus altered by the Editors of that Col. Translations not in 0. XT.: — % 1. Herod, grim foe, whence this dismay. Blew, 1852. 2. Why, Herod, impious tyrant, fear. Chambers, 1857. 3. Impious Herod, wherefore tremble. Macgill, 1876. Various trs. of this have been nmde into German. The trs. from one of these are thus noted by Mr. Mearns:— Was furchtst du Feind Herodes sehr. A full and faithful tr. by Martin Luther, written Dec. 12, 1541, and 1st pub. in Klug's Geistliche Lieder, Wittenberg, 1544. Thence in Wackernagel, iii., p. 25, in 5 st. of 4 1. Included in Schircks's ed. of Luther's Geistliche Lieder, 1854, p. 18, and as No. 81 in the Unv. L. S., 1851. Of this the only tr. in C. U. is, "Why, Herod, unrelenting foe! " in full in R. Massie's M. L.*s Spir. Songs, 1854, p. 13, and thence in Dr. Bacon, 1884, and, altered, as No. 53, in the Ohio Luth. Hymnal, 1880. Other trs. are :— (1) " What dost thou fear, oh, enemy ?" by Miss Fry, 1845, p. 23. (2) "Fiend Herod, why those frantic fears," by J. Anderson, 1846, p. 11 (ed. 1847, p. 36). (3) " Fiend Herod ! why with fears art torn," by Dr. J. Hunt, 1853, p. 38. (4) « Herod, why dreadest thou a foe," by Dr. G. Macdonald in the Sunday Magazine, 1867, p. 331; and thence, altered, in his Exotics, 1876. [J.J.] iii. The Bom. Brev. form of Hostis Herodes 18 Crudelis Herodes Deum. The alterations in the text are st. i., 1.1-2, and the doxology only. In the Rom, Brev. it is appointed for A SOLIS ORTUS 5 the 1st & 2nd Vespers of the Feast of the Epiphany. The text is in Daniel, i. No. 120 ; Card. Newman's Hymni Ecclesiae, 1838-65, and other collections. [W. A. S ] Translations in C. U.:— 1. Why, Herod, why the Godhead fear! By Bp. R. Mant, in his Ancient Hymns, 1837, p. 43; and in Chope's Hymnal, 1864, and others as :— ** In vain doth Herod rage and fear." 2. Why, ruthless king, this frantio fear! By W. J. Copeland, in his Hymns for the Week, 1848, p. 70. In 1868 it was given as, "Why doth the wicked Herod fear?" in the Sarum H., No. 66. 3. 0 cruel Herod! why thus fear! By £. Cas-wall. 1st pub. in his Lyra Catholica, 1849, p. 53, and his Hymns and Poems, 1873, p. 30. This is the tr. in C. U. in Roman Catholic collections for Schools and Missions. 4. Why, cruel Herod, why in fear! By J. A. Johnston, in the English H, 1852, and later editions. This is based upon older trs. 5. Why, cruel Herod, dogt thou fear! By R. C. Singleton, made for and 1st pub. in his Anglican H. Bk., 1868, No. 58. In the 2nd ed., 1871, No. 73, it was altered to, " Why should the cruel Herod fear?" 6. Why doth that cruel Herod fear! This, which is N«. 120 in the St. John's Hymnal, Aberdeen, 1865 and 1870, is a cento from Copeland (st. ii.) and Neale, with alterations in the text of each. Translations not in C. TJ, :— 1. Why, Herod, dost thou fear in vain. Primer, 1706. 2. Cruel Herod, wherefore fearest thou ? Hope, 1844. 3. Why, Herod, shakes thy soul with fears. F. Trappes, 1865. 4. Why, cruel Herod, dost thou fear. J. Wallace, 1874. [J. J.] A solis ortus cardine Et usque terrae limitem. [Christmas.'] This hymn, which is of very complex authorship, departs from the foregoing in the second stanza, which begins:— " Gaudete quicquid gentium, Judaea, Roma et Graecia," &c. The opening lines of the hymn, 1-4, we shall hardly be wrong in ascribing to Sedulius. The succeeding lines, 5-12, form the conclusion of the hymn for the Epiphany, " Qui-cunque Christum quaeritis," by Prudentius (Cathem. Hymn. xii.). The lines 13-24, commencing with " Fit porta Christi pervia," are received by the Benedictine editors of St. Ambrose as a genuine work of that Father (No. 13 among his hymns) on the authority of a treatise ascribed to St. Ildephonsus, "De perpetua Virginitate Beatae Mariae, et de ejus Parturitione;" certainly old, and most probably the work of Paschasius Radbertus (died a.d. 851). See the Spicilegium of Da-cherius. The note in the Benedictine edition runs thus:— " The knowledge of the twelfth hymn we owe to St. Ildephonsus, who more than once quotes the first strophe in his treatise he Parturitione et Purification B. Mariae Virginis, as having been written by St. Ambrose, whence it has been fojuisferred to the later 6 A SURE AND TRIED editions of the works of that holy Doctor. But the second and third strophes (i.e. verses 17-24) we have •topied from the book of George Cassander, De llymnis JScclesiasticis, where this hymn is given without the author's name. And although there occasionally occurs in it a fault against the rules of prosody, yet we do not on that account judge it unworthy of St. Ambrose, since errors of this kind occur in the hymns not doubted to be his, though not frequently." We may mention, however, that this portion ascribed to St. Ambrose, mainly coincides with a hymn found in the works of St. Ra-banus Maurus. (See the edition of his writings by Geo. Colvenerius, Col. Agrip. 1627 ; or in Migne's Patrol, torn. 112, the 6th vol. of the works of that writer; hymn No. 13, headed " In solemnitate Sanctae Mariae.") The authorship of the remaining lines is uncertain. Daniel, i. (No. 15), gives the text from the collection of Thomasius, remarking the partial coincidence with Sedulius; but in iv. pp. 58, &c, he decides that this hymn is made up from different compositions; giving as his opinion that the groundwork was a poem in which the first letters of every four lines taken together make up the alphabet. The portion ascribed to St. Ambrose, "Fit porta," is found in an 11th cent. ms. in the British Museum (Harl. 2961, f. 225&). In the Latin Hys. of the Anglo-Saxon Church, 1851, p. 112, it is printed from a Durham ms. of the 11th cent. As to the ritual use—it is the hymn at Lauds on the Feast of the Annunciation in the Mozarahic Brev. (Toledo, 1502, f. 361), \ whilo in Ximone's ed., 1517," A solis ortus car-dine ad usque" is said at Vespers to line 21, when the Ambrosian strophes come in, wiih a Doxology/ The Ambrosian portion, "Fit porta Christi pervia," &c, is the hymn in the Constanz Brev. (a.d. 1516) and some others, at Matins, on the Feast of the Annunciation of the B. V. M., and on tlio Festivals in her honour. It has been tr. as "From where the rising sun goes forth," by W. J. Copeland, in his Hymns for the Week, &c, 1848, and again in Schaffs Christ in Song, 1869. [W. A. S.] A sure and tried foundation stone. J. Montgomery. [Laying Foundation Stone."] Written Sept. 4, 1822, for the laying of the Foundation Stone of St. Philip's Church, Sheffield, and printed for use at that ceremony, [m.mss.] It was given in Montgomery's Original Hymns, 1853, No. 296, in 5 st. of 4 1., entitled " On Laying the Foundation Stone of a Place of Worship." Its use has been very limited, mainly owing to the superior excellence of his hymn, " This stone to Thee in faith we lay," which was written during the following month, and was included in his Christian Psalmist, 1825, whilst this hymn was omitted from all his earlier works. A thousand oracles divine. C. Wesley. [Holy Trinity.] In his Hymns on the Trinity, 1767, this hymn is given as No. xvii. in the division of "Hymns and Prayers to the Trinity/' in 4 st. of 8 1., p. 100. It was repeated in the'Wes. H. Bk. 1780, and later eds. with the simple alteration of "His hosts" to u the boats " in st. i. 1. 6. From that collection it has passed into all the principal hymnals of the Methodist bodies in most English-speaking ABBA FATHEE countries, but is seldom found elsewhere. Few hymns are more dogmatic on the doctrine of the Trinity. The lines, " The Friend of earth-born man," and " For heaven's superior praise," are borrowed from Young's Night Thoughts. Night iv. 11. 603. 440. Orig. text as above, and P. Works of J. & C. Wesley, 1868-1872, vol. vii. pp. 312-13. A time to watch, a time to pray. J. M. Neale. [Good Friday.] Appeared in his Hymns for Children, 1842, in 6 st. of 4 1., the last st. being Bp. Ken's doxology. It is given in Mrs. Brock's Children1 s H. Bh. with the omission of the doxology, and st. iii. 1. 1, "this day," for " to-day," otherwise unaltered. A voice comes from Ramah. W. Knox. [Bereavement] Pub. in his Songs of Israel, 1824, in 3 st. of 8 1. and again in his Poems, 1847, pp. 117-8. It is based on Jer. xxxi. 15, 16, and entitled "Rachel Weeping." In Kennedy, 1863, No. 197, it is slightly altered. A voice upon the midnight air. [Passiontide.] Dr. Martineau informs us that this hymn was contributed to his Hys. for the Christian Church & Home, 1840. It is No. 218, in 6 st. of 4 1., and is given as " Anonymous." It has since appeared in many Unitarian collections in G. Britain and America. A "widow poor, forlorn, oppressed. C. Wesley. [Prayer.] From the ms. of his Hymns on the Four Gospels, dated 1765, first pub. in the P. Works of J. and C. Wesley, 1868-72, vol. xi. p. 255, and again, without alteration, in the Wes. H. Bk. 1875, No. 827. A widowed mother lost her son. Dorothy A. Thrupp. [Compassion.] Contributed to the 2nd ed. of Mrs. H. Mayo's Sel. of Hymns, &c.< 1840, in 4 st. of 4 1., entitled •' The Widow and her Son," and signed " d. a. t." It is found in a few collection's, including the Ch. S. S. H. Bk. 1879, No. 45. Abash'd be all the boast of Age. Bp. B. Heber. [Epiphany.] Appeared in his posthumous Hymns, &c, 1827, pp. 27-8, in 5 st. of 4 1. as the first of two hymns for the First Sunday after Epiphany. In its original form it is not in common use, but st. ii.-v. as—" O Wisdom, whose unfading power "—is given in Kennedy, 1863, No. 229 (with alterations), and the Meth. S.S.HBk. 1879,No.77, also slightly altered. Abba Father! we approach Thee. /. G. Deck, [Sons of God.] 1st pub. in the Appendix to the Hymns for the Poor of the Flock, 1841, No. 27, in 4 st. of 8 1.; again with the omission of st. iii. in Ps. & Hys., Lond., Walther, 1842; Walker's Cheltenham Coll 1855; Snepp's 8. of G. & G. 1872, No. 21, and other collections. It is a plain evangelical hymn of no special merit. In America it is found in the Bapt. Hy. & Tune Bk. Phil. 1871, No. 792. Abba Father, while we sing. E. Osier [Providence], written for and first pub. in Hall's Mitre Hymn Book, 1836, No. 187, in 3 st. of 6 1., and entitled "The Blessedness ABBA, GENTLE JESUS of God's Children"; and again in Osier's Church & King, June, 1837, where it is appended to an article on the Tenth Sunday after Trinity. It is found in several hymnals, including P. Maurice's Clwral Hy. Bk., 1861, No. 403, Kennedy, 1863, No. 1462, but usually with slight alterations. Abba, gentle Jesus prayed. /. 8. B. Monsell. [To the Father.'] Appeared in the 2nd and enlarged ed. of his Hys. of Love & Praise, 1866, and thence, unaltered, into Snepp's S. of G. & G., 18?2. [W. T. B.] Abelard, Peter, b. atPailais, in Brittany, 1079. Designed for the military profession, he followed those of philosophy and theology. His life was one of strange chances and changes, brought about mainly through his love for Heloise, the niece of one Fulbert, a Canon of the Cathedral of Paris, and by his rationalistic views. Although a priest, he married Heloise privately. He was condemned for heresy by the Council of Soissons, 1121, and again by that of Sens, 1140; d. at St. Marcel, near Chalons-sur- Saoae, April 21, 1142. For a long time, although his poetry had been referred to both by himself and by Heloise, little of any moment was known except the Advent hymn, Mittit ad Virginem (q.v.). In 1838 Greith pub. in his Spicihgium Vaticanum, pp. 123-131, six poems which had been discovered in the Vatican. Later on, ninety-seven hymns were found in the Royal Library at Brussels, and pub. in the complete ed. of Abelard's works, by Cousin, Petri Abx-lardi Opp., Paris, 1849. In that work is one of his best-known hymns, Tuba Domini, Paule, maxima (q.v.). Trench in his Sac. Lat. Poetry, 1864, gives his Ornarunt terram germina (one of a series of poems on the successive days' work of the Creation), from Du MeriFs Poesies Popul. Lat. du Moyen Age, 1847, p. 444. [J. J.] Abide in me, and I in you. Bp. E. H. Bichersteth. [Abide in Christ.'] Written in 1849, and first pub. in Water from the Well Spring, 1852. It was subsequently repub. in his Ps. and Hys. 1858, No. 79, and again in The Two Brothers, 1871, p. 230. Abide with me, fast falls the eventide. H. F. Lyte. [Evening.] The history of this hymn to the date of its first publication, is given in the prefatory Memoir to his Remains by his daughter, Anna Maria Maxwell Hogg, Lond., Rivington, 1850, pp. ii., iii., as follows:— " The summer was passing away, and the month of September (that month in which he was once more to quit his native land) arrived, and each day seemed to have a special value as being one day nearer his departure. His family were surprised and almost alarmed at his announcing his intention of preaching once more to his people. His weakness, and the possible danger attending the effort, were urged to prevent it, but in vain. f& It was better,' as he used often playfully to say, when in comparative health, ' to wear out than to rust out.' He felt that he should be enabled to fulfil his wish, and feared not for the result. His expectation was well founded. He did preach, and amid the breathless attention of his hearers gave them the sermon on the Holy Communion, which is inserted last in this volume [i.e. the Remains], He afterwards assisted at the administration of the Holy Eucharist, and though necessarily much exhausted by the exertion»and excite- ABOVE THE CLEAR 7 ment of this effort, yet his friends had no reason to believe it had been hurtful to him. In the evening of the same day he placed in the hands of a near and dear relative the little hymn, ' Abide with me,' with an air of his own composing, adapted to the words." A note to the sermon referred to in this extract says, "Preached at Lower Brixliam, Sept. 4, 1847." He died at Nice on the 20th of the November following [Lyte, H. F.] The text of this hymn, which is usually regarded as the original, is that contained in his Remains, pub. in 1850. There are, however, several readings of the text. These readings are given in:— 1. A facsimile of the original MS. in the autograph of the author, published by the Vicar of Lower Brix-ham, on behalf of the restoration of the church. 2. A leaflet on which it was first printed at Berryhead in September, 1847. 3. Hemains, &c, 1850. 4. Miscellaneous Poems, 1868. The variations of text are :— st. i. 1. 2. No. 1. The darkness thickens, Lord, &c. Nos. 2 and 3. The darkness deepens, Lord, &c. st. iv. 1. 4. No. 1. Come, Friend of sinners, and then abide, &c. No. 2. Come, Friend of sinners, and thus abide. No. 3. Come, Friend of Sinners, and thus 'bide. st. vili. 1. 1. No. 1. Hold then thy cross, &c. No. 2. Hold then thy cross, &c. No. 3. Hold there thy cross, &c. No. 4. Hold Thou thy cross, &c. In addition to these the hymn ha3 also been pub. by J. Wright and Co., Thomas Street, Bristol, 1863, with Lyte's original music; and it has been translated into many languages, including Latin renderings in tho Guardian (Nov. 1879 andDec. 1881), Church Times, Memorials of T. G. Godfrey-Faussett (1878), Ilymno. Christ. Latina^mi), &c. The important position winch this hymn has attained in many lands and tongues will justify an extract from Mr. Ellerton's note to the same in Church Hymns (folio ed. 1881). In that collection it is given with the " General Hymns.'' Mr. Ellerton says:— " It is sometimes [nearly always] classed among evening hymns, apparently on the ground of the first two lines, and their similarity in sound to two lines in Keble's • Sun of my soul.' This is a curious instance of the misapprehension of the true meaning of a hymn by those among whom it is popular; for a very little consideration will suffice to shew that there is not throughout the hymn the slightest allusion to the close of the natural day: the words of St. Luke xxiv. 29 are obviously used in a sense wholly metaphorical. It is far better adapted to be sung at funerals, as it was beside the grave of Professor Maurice; but it is almost too intense and personal for ordinary congregational use." The use of this hymn is very extensive in all English-speaking countries. It is found in almost every collection published in G. Brit, during the past thirty years. [J. J.] Above, below, where'er I gaze. [Creation.] Contributed to Christian Poetry, Edinb., 1827, in 5 st. of f> 1., entitled, u Omnipresence of God," and signed Ia/eoojS. Its authorship has not been determined. It en me into C. U., in a few Unitarian collections tit an eaily date, and is at present in use to a limited extent in G..Biit. and America, e. g: Anu.-v. Plymouth Coll, No. 8li, and Kennedy, No. 1275. [W. T. B.I Above the clear blue sky, In heaven's, &c. J. Chandler. XChildrcn's Hymn.'] 8 ABRAHAM, WHEN Under date of Putney, March 20, 1875, the author wrote, " With the exception ofy Mr. Rodwell into a kind of metrical prose. From them we give as a specimen the " Hymn of the Light." Praise to the Saviour, the glory of the saints, The light which hath come into the world; His clothing was as light upon the mount, But He is the true light in Himself. He came from a world of light, And that light hath come to us ; He will lead us back into that light From whence He descended in love and pitjT. He has come whom Moses announced— The Crown of martyrs, the Founder of the Church, The Light of light, who giveth light to the just. Oh send out Thy light and truth, Th&t they may bring me to Thy holy hill; Send forth Thy hand from on high to save. ACCEPT, O LORD God is a God who knoweth all things, Clad in righteousness, robed in light; A light announced Him, shining in the heavens, And He is come, the Pilot of the souls of the just. The Church's Bridegroom is the light of the world. Let us therefore be clad in light, And put away the works of darkness, And walk as the children of the day. He reigns over the treasures of light, Who existed ere the worlds were made. He will manifest that light; He will give comfort in our sorrows; He will disperse the clouds and thick darkness, And lead us to our rest above. Halleluiah, 0 Thou-firstborn of Zion! 0 Adonai, Thou art the bearer of glad tidings: Marvellous is the brightness of Thy beauty. Halleluiah. To Thee be glory. Amen. The ms. from which these hymns were translated is in the library of the B. & F. Bible Society, and is probably of the 14th century. Only two other copies appear to have found their way to Europe. From the invocation of saints, in the hymns for their festivals, one can hardly doubt that the hymns are of the 5th or 6th cent. In this they present an exceedingly strong family likeness to the hymns of St. Ephrem Syrus. The first published metrical translation was a version of The Vigil of the Four Beasts, by Mr. W. C. Dix, and appeared in the Churchman's Shilling Magazine for May, 1867. In October of the same year an article on " Abyssinian Hymns," containing three metrical versions by Mr. Dix, was issued in the same magazine. Another article headed Devotions of the Abyssinian Church appeared in the Monthly Packet for July, 1868, and two hymns were added. None of "these are in C. U., but one is given in Jellicoe's Songs of the Church, 1867. The Song of the Saints, the only other version of an Abyssinian hymn, originally published in Rev. L. C. Biggs's Songs of Other Churches in the Monthly Packet for Nov. 1871, and reprinted in the Churchman's Manual of Public and Private Devotion, 1882, completed the use of the translations of Mr. Rodwell by English hymn-writers, except, that in the columns of the Church Times, an additional translation or two, by Mr. Dix, may be found. It is earnestly to be wished that attention may be seriously drawn to the hymns of the whole Eastern Church. The profound ignorance of our leading hymnological scholars on subjects of this class is lamentable. The field Dr. Neale worked so well has lain comparatively fallow since his early death. The position which some oihis Hymns of the Eastern Church have taken in our hymnals excites the wish that Abyssinia and Ethiopia may rentier us some service. These unwrought fields, though not equal to the rich treasury of Greek and Latin hymnody, are still worthy of the attention of English compilers. [W. T. B.] Accept, O Lord, Thy servant's thanks. Bp. R. Mant, [Holy Scripture^ This is one of the Original Hymns added by Bp. Mant to his Ancient Hymns from the Roman Breviary, 1837-71, in 4 st. of 8 1., and entitled "Hymn of Thanksgiving for Holy Scripture." "Dr. Kennedy, in adopting it in his Hymno. Christ, 1863, No. 1195, has given Hie original text, with the change of st. iii. 1. 7, from " And He, Who gave the word, mny ACCEPT OUR THANKS He" to "And 0, may He Who gave the Word.1* The hymn is a plain poetical reflex of the sixth Article, and of the Collect for the Second Sunday in Advent. This hymn is also sometimes found in American collections, as the Pennsylvania Luth. Church Bk., X868, and others. Accept our thanks, O Lord, we pray. W. C. Dix. [St. Bede.] Contributed to the People's H. 1867, No. 252. Accepted, Perfect, and Complete. Frances B. Havergal. [Complete in Christ] Written at Hastings, Sept. 3, 1870, in 5 st. of 3 1., and based upon the three passages of Holy Scripture: Eph. i. 6, *' Accepted in the beloved"; Col. i. 28, "Perfect in Christ Jesus"; and Col. ii. 10, •*Complete in Him." It was first pub. as a leaflet by J. and R. Parlane, Paisley, 1871; then, with the tune "Tryphena" (also by Miss Havergal), in Snepp's 8. of G. & G., 1872, mus. ed. 1875; again in her work Under the Surface, 1874; and her Life Mosaic, 1879. [•' hav. mss."] Accepting, Lord, Thy gracious call. C.N.Hall. [Following Jesus.] This hymn was printed in the author's tract, Follow Jesus, and, again, from thence in his Hymns, composed at Bolton Abbey, and Other Rhymes, 1858, pp. 45-47, in 11 st. of 4 1. In Major's Bk. of Praise and the Meth. 8. 8. H. Bk. it is given in an abbreviated form. In the author's Ch. Ch. Hymnal, 1876, No. 257, it is included as " Lord! we obey Thy kind command," in 8 st. of 41. various stanzas of the original being rewritten to attain this end. According to Thy gracious "word. J. Montgomery. [Holy Communion.'] No copy of this hymn is preserved in the " Montgomery mss." Its first publication was in the author's Christian Psalmist, 1825, p. 405, in 6 st. of 41. with the motto •' This do in remembrance of Me." From its first appearance it has been one of the most popular of hymns for " Holy Communion," and is found in most modern collections of a moderate type. Usually, however, st. ii. 1. 2, which reads: •' Thy testa-mental cup I take/' is altered to " The cup, TJiy precious Blood, I take," as in Taring's Coll., No. 524, or, « Til take," as in the Salisbury H. Bk., 1857, and Kennedy, 1863, No. 650. In 1853 it was republished by Montgomery in his Original Hymns, No. 129. In common with Montgomery's hymns it has no doxology. That usually found with it, " To Thee, O Jesua, Light of Light, All praise and glory be," &c, is from ub. in The Song of Mary the Mother of Christ, &c, 1(501; reprinted in part by the Paiker Soc. in Sel. P. of the reign of Q. Elizabeth; and in Dr. Bonar's New Jerusalem, 1852, from a ms. in the Brit. Mus. 2. My heart as hart for water thirsts. Sylvester, 1621. 3. Unto the spring of purest life. In the Meditations, Soliloquia, and Manual of the Glorious Doctor, S. August in. Paris, 1630. 4. For life eternal's living spring. S. Augustin's Confessions, 1679, given in some copies as translated by Abraham Woodhead. 5. For life's Eternal, &c. Wackerbarth, 1846. 6. Yearningly my fond heart thirsteth, &c.; J. Banks, in his Nugae, 1854; and previously in the Churchman's Companion, 1849. 1. For the Fount of living waters panting. Kynaston, 1857. 8. In the Fount of life, &c. Mrs. diaries, 1858. 9. For the F.ount of living waters. Kynaston, 1862. 10. For the Fount of life eternal. Neale as above, 1865. 11. For the Fount of life eternal. Littledale, 1865. 12. For life's Eternal spring. Morgan, 1871. 13. The mind athirst pants for the fount, 7?. B. Bos-well's Ps. & Hys., 1838. [J, J.] Ad regias Agni dapes. The Roman Breviary version of the Ainbrosian Ad coenam Agni providi, above. It is the hymn at Vespers, " Sabbato in Albis," i.e. on Saturday in EasterTweek, and afterwards on Sundays and week-days, when no Festival occurs and the Ferial Office is said, till the first Vespers of the Ascension. In addition to the ordinary editions of the Bom. Brev. the text is given in several modern Roman Catholic hymnals, Card. Newman's Hymni Eccl., 1838-65; Biggs's Annotated ed. of H. A. & M., 1867; Daniel, i. No 81, &c. [W. A. S.] Translations in C. U.:— 1. In garments dight of virgin white. By W. J. Copeland. 1st pub. in his Hys. for the Week, 1848, p. 81. In its original form it is not in C. U.; except in Hys. and Introits, 1852, No. 70, but as " Now at tlie Lamb's high royal feast," it was given in Murray's Hymnal, 1852, No. 57, and later collections. The opening line was borrowed from E. CaswalPs tr. as under. 2. Now at the Lamb's high royal feast. By E. Caswall, in his Lyra Catholica, 1849, p. 94, and again in his Hys. and Poems, 1873, p. 53, in 7 st. of 4 1. This is the tr. usually found in Roman Catholic hymn-books. An altered form of this in 4 st. is No. 52 in the Irvingite Hys. for the Use of the Churches, 1864, beginning " Guests at the banquet of the Lamb." 3. At the Lamb's High Feast we sing. By R. Campbell, written in 1849 [c. MSS.], and 1st printed in his collection commonly known as the St. Andrew's Hymnal, 1850, in 4 st. of 8 1. In the original mss. the first two lines are added as a refrain to each verse, but are omitted in the printed text. Cooke and Denton's Hymnal Wens the first to bring it into prominent notice, although in an altered form which has been copied by many compilers. Its use exceeds that 14 AD TEMPLA of all other irs. of the "Ad Regias Agni" put together; being found in a more or less correct form, in the most important collections of the Ch. of England. Many of the alterations in //. A. and M., Church Hys., Thring, and others date from Cooke and Denton's Hymnal, 1853, the Salisbury II. Bk., 1857, and others. Another arrangement of Campbell's text is, " To the Lamb's Hicrh Feast we press" given in Rev. Francis Pott's Coll, 1861, No. 90. 4. At the Lamb's right royal feast. By J. A. Johnston. 1st pub. in the 2nd ed. of his English Hymnal, 1856, No. 117, and repeated in the 3rd ed., 1861. It is an imitation, in the same metre, of R. Campbell's tr., and takes the place of Johnston's tr. " Now at the banquet of the Lamb," in l.m., which appeared in the 1st ed. of the English Hymnal, 1852, No. 110. 5. The Banquet of the Lamb is laid. By R. C. Singleton, made for and first pub. in his Anglican H. Bk., 1868, No. 119. 6. We keep the Festival. By A. R. Thompson, contributed to Schaff s Christ in Song, 1869. 7. Come, join the Kingly Banquet free. By F. Trappes, in his Liturgical Hys., n. d., (1865), in 8 *st. of 4 1. In 1871 st. i.-v. and viii. were given as a hymn in 3 st. of 8 1. in Hys. and Carols, Church Sisters' Home, St. John's Wood, 1871. Translations not in C. XT.:— 1. At the Lamb's regal banquet -where. Manual of rrayers and Litanies, 1686. 2. From purple seas and land of toil. Primer, 170C. 3. Now at the Lamb's imperial Feast. Bp. Mant, 1837. 4. Passed the Red and angry sea. Bp. Williams, 1845. 5. The Red Sea now is passed. Beste, 1849. 6. In garments bright of saintly white. Rorison, 1851. 7. Come to the Lamb's right royal feast. Wallace, 1874. 8. Sing, for the dark Red Sea is past. H. N. Oxcnham, 1867. [J. J.] Ad templa nos rursus vocat. Charles Coffin. {Sunday Morning.'] In his Hymni Sacri, p. 8, ed. Paris, 1736, under the heading Die Dominica ad Laudes Matutinas. In the revised Paris Brev. of the Abp. Charles de Vin-timille, 1736, it is the hymn for Sunday at Lauds; as also in the Lyons and other modern French Brevs. Text as above, and in Card. Newman's Hymni Eccl. 1838, p. 2. [W. A. S.] Translations in C. U. :— 1. Morning lifts her dewy veil, by I. Williams, 1st pub. in the British Mag. 1834, vol. v. p. 28, in 9 st. of 4 1., and again in his Hymns tr. from the Paris Brev., 1839, p. 3, and later editions. The following :— 2. Now morning lifts her dewy veil, is by J. Chandler, who, in his Preface to his Hymns of the Prim. Church, 1837, in which it appeared, thus alludes thereto :— " I have ventured to take the greatest part of the 2nd hymn from the translation in the ' British Magazine,' which, notwithstanding the alterations I have made in it, still shines forth as the work of an evidently superior hand." p. ix. This tr. has attained to a more extensive use than any other. It is given in Mercer, ed. 1864, No. 136, and Sarum, 1868, No. 293, in its full form. The most popular arrangement is that ADAM OF ST. VICTOR of Chopc, 1864, No. Ill, Thring's Coll., 1882, No. 9, and others, with omission of st. vii., viii., and some alterations. 3. Again the Sunday morn, by £. Caswall, appeared in his Lyra Catholica, 1849, p. 293, and again in his Hymns and Poems, 1873, p. 223. In its original form its use is very limited, but as:— 4. Again the holy morn, it is given in several collections, including the Hymnary, 1872, No. 7, Hys. fy Carols, n. d., No. 15, the Roman Catholic Hys. for the Year, n. d., No. 83, and many others. Another form based upon Caswall's tr. is:— 5. When first the world sprang forth, in Kennedy, 1863, No. 701. It is probably by the editor, and is not found elsewhere. 6. Again the dawn gives warning meet. By Dr. Rorison, 1st pub. in his Hys. and Anthems, 1851, p. 10, in 4 st. of 8 1. and 1 st. of 4 1. It is repeated in later editions. Translation not in G. V.:— Once more the beams of orient light. Chambers, 185*. [J.J.] Adam descended from above. C. Wesley. [Lent.] 1st pub. in his Short Hymns, &c, 1762, vol. i., No. 1044, but omitted from the 2nd ed., 1794. It was included in the Wes. H. Bh., 1780, and is retained in the revised ed. of 1875, No. 129 (P. Worhs, 1868-72, vol. ix. p. 415). Another hymn by O. Wesley, beginning:—"Adam, descended from above, Thou only canst," &c, was pub. from his mss. Hymns on the Four Gospels, in P. Works of J. and C. Wesley, 1868-72, vol. xi. p. 341, but it is not in common use. Adam, our father and our head. I. Watts. [The Fall] Appeared in his Hone Lyric®, 1706, in 13 st. of 4 1., and entitled " Jesus the only Saviour." Its use as a complete hymn is unknown. A cento therefrom of 5 st. was given in Rippon's Bapt. Sel, 1787, No. US, composed of st. i., ii., iv., v., and vii. This has passed into common use to a very limited extent. Adam of St. Victor. Of the life of this, the most prominent and prolific of the Latin hymnists of the Middle A.ges, very little is known. It is even uncertain whether he was an Englishman or a Frenchman by birth. He is described by the writers nearest to his own epoch, as Brito, which may indicate a native of either Britain, or Brittany. All that is certainly known concerning him is, that about a.d. 1130, after having been educated at Paris, he became, as quite a young man, a monk in tho Abbey of St. Victor, then in the suburbs, but afterwards through the growth of that city, included within the walls of Paris itself. In this abbey, which, especially at that period, was celebrated as a school of theology, he passed the whole of the rest of his life, and in it he died, somewhere between the years 1172 and 1192 a.d. Possessed of " the pen of a ready writer," he seems to have occupied his life in study and authorship. Numerous as are the hymns and sequences satisfactorily proved to have been written by him, which have come down to us, there would seem to be ADAM OF ST. VICTOR little doubt that many more may have perished altogether, or are extant 'without his name attaching to them; while he was probably the author of several prose works as well. His Sequences remained in MS. in the care and custody of the monks of their author's Abbey, until the dissolution of that religious foundation at the Revolution; but some 37 of them, having found their way by degrees into more general circulation, were pub. by Clich-toveus, a Roman Catholic theologian of the first half of the 16th cent, in his Elucida-torium Ecclesiasticum, which passed through several editions from 1516 to 1556, at Paris, Basel and Geneva. Of the rest of the 106 Hymns and Sequences that we possess of Adam's, the largest part—some 47 remaining unpublished—were removed to the National Library in the Louvre at Paris, on the destruction of the Abbey. There they were discovered by M. Leon Gautier, the editor of the first complete edition of them, Paris, 1858. The subjects treated of in Adam's Hymns and Sequences may be divided thus :— Christmas, 7; Circumcision, 1; Easter, 6; Ascension, 1; Pentecost, 5; Trinity, 2; the Dedication of a Church, 4; B. V. M., 17; Festivals of Saints, 53; The Invention of the Cross, 1; The Exaltation of the Cross, 1; On the Apostles, 3; Evangelists, 2; Transfiguration, 2. Although all Adam of St. Victor's Sequences were evidently written for use in the services of his church, and were, doubtless, so used in his own Abbey, it is quite uncertain how many, if any, of them were used generally in the Latin Church. To the lover of Latin hymns the works of this author should not be unknown, and probably are not; but they are far less generally known than the writings should be of one whom such an authority as Archbishop Trench describes as " the foremost among the sacred Latin poets of the Middle Ages." His principal merits may be described as comprising terseness and felicity of expression; deep and accurate knowledge of Soripture, especially its typology; smoothness of versification; richness of rhyme, accumulating gradually as he nears the conclusion of a Sequence ; and a spirit of devotion breathing throughout his work, that assures the reader that his work is " a labour of love." An occasional excess of alliteration, which however at other times he uses with great effect, and a disposition to overmuch " playing upon words," amounting sometimes to "punning," together with a delight in heaping up types one upon another, till, at times, he succeeds in obscuring his meaning, are the chief defects to be set against the many merits of his style. Amongst the most beautiful of his productions may be mentioned, perhaps, his Jucundare plebs fidelis; Verbi vere substantivi ; Potestate non natura; Stola regni laureatus; Heri mundus exultavit; LaudeB cruets attollamus (Neale considers this " perhaps, his masterpiece "); Aye, Virgo sin-gularis; Salve, Mater Salvatoris; Animemur ad agonem; and Vox sonora nostri clwrL Where almost all are beautiful, it is difficult, and almost invidious, to make a selection. Of his Hymns and Sequences the following ADAMS, JOHN G. 15 editions, extracts, and translations have been published:— i. Original with Translations: (1) (Euvres Poetiques cTAdam de 8.-Victor. Pat L. Gautier, Paris, 1858. It is in two vols. duodecimo, and contains, besides a memoir of Adam of St. Victor, and an exhaustive essay upon his writings, a 15th cent. tr. into French of some 46 of the seqs., and full notes upon the whole series of them. (2) The Liturgical Poetry of Adam of St. Victor, from the text of Gautier, withtrs. into English in the original metres, and short explanatory notes by IKgby S. Wrangham, M.A., St. John's Coll., Oxford, Vicar of Darrington, Yorkshire, 3 vols. T^ond., Kegan Paul, 1881. (3) In addition to these complete eds., numerous specimens from the originals are found in Daniel, Mone, Konigsfeld, Trench, Loftie's Latin Year, Dom. Gueranger's Annee Liturgique, dc. ii. Translations:— (1) As stated before, 46 of the Sequences are given by Gautier in a French tr. of the 15th cent. (2) In English we have trs. of the whole series by Digby S. Wrangham in his work as above; 11 by Dr. Neale in Med. Hymns: 15, more freely, by D. T. Morgan in his Hys. and other Poetry of the Latin Church; and one or more by Mrs. Charles, Mrs. Chester, C. S. Calverley, and the Revs. C. B. Pearson, E. A. Dayman, E. Caswall, R. F. Littledale, and Dean Plumptre. Prose trs. are also given in the Rev. Dom Laurence Shepherd's tr. into English of Dom Gueranger's works. iii. English Use:— From the general character of their metrical construction, it has not been possible to any great extent to utilise these very beautiful compositions in the services of the Anglican Church. The following, however, are from Adam of St. Victor, and are fully annotated in this work:—(1) in H. A. & M., Nos. 64 and 434 (partly) ; (2) in the Hymnary, Nos. 270, 273, 324, 380, 382, 403, 418; (3) in the People's H, 215, 277, 304 ; and (4) in Skinner's Daily Service II., 236. [D. S. W.] Adami, Johann Christian, b. Jan. 13, 1662, at Luckau, Brandenburg, graduated m.a., at the University of Wittenberg, 1681, became diaconus, 1684, and pastor, 1691, at Luckau; from 1711 pastor primarius at Lubben, where lie d. May 12, 1715. His 25 hymns appeared in the Eoangelisches Zion, oder vollstdndiges G. B., Leipzig and Ltlbben, 1720, ed. by his son, for use in the Niederlausitz (Bode, p. 33; Wetzel's A. H., vol. i., pt. i., p. 44; Jocher's Gelehrten Lexicon, 1750, vol. i., col. S One has been tr., viz. :- Was klagst du mein Gemuthe. {Cross and Consolation.'] Included as No. 1811 in the Berlin G. L. S., 1832, and as No. 2396 in Knapp's Ev. L. S., 1837 (1865, No. 2125). Dr. Jacobs, of Wernigerode, informs me that it appeared 1720 as above, p. 685, in 7 st. of 8 1. This is tr. as :— " My soul, why this complaining," by Miss Burling-ham, in the British Herald, 1866, p. 200, repeated as No. 337 in Reid's Praise Bk., 1872. [J. M.j Adams, John, b. at Northampton, 1751; d. there, May 15, 1835. He was for several I years a member of the Baptist denomination, but being expelled, on the ground of doctrine, from the chapel which he attended, he opened a place of worship on his own account and constituted himself the minister. On retiring from business in 1811, he removed to London, then to Olney, and finally returned to Northampton. Several of his hymns were printed in the Gospel Magazine in 177Q. Very few, however, have come into general use. Adams, John Greenleaf. Co-editor with Dr. E. H. Ohapin of the Universalist Hymns for Christian Devotion, 1846; and, alone, of the Gospel Psalmist, 1861. He was b. in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 1810. The collections named contain in each case 16 hymns 16 ADAMS, JOHN Q. by him. They are not, however, received outside his sect. The best are:— 1. Heaven is here, its hymns of gladness, [Peace.] Contributed to the Hymns for Christian Devotion, 1846, No. 419, in 4 st. of 4 1. 2. God's angels ! not only on high do they sing. [Ministry of Angels.'] No. 830 in his Gospel Psalmist, 1861, and No. 240 in Longfellow and Johnson's Hys. of the Spirit, Boston. 1864. [F. M. B.} Adams, John Quincy. b. at Brain-tree (afterwards called "Quincy'), Mass., 1767, was a son of President Adams. After graduating at Harvard College he was, from 1794 to 1801, minister to the Netherlands, to England, and to Prussia. In 1806 he was appointed Professor of Rhetoric in Harvard College ; in 1809 minister to Russia; 1817 Secretary of State; and, from 1824 to 1829, President of the United States. In 1831 he was elected a Member of the House of Representatives. Died suddenly, Feb. 21, 1848. His high position and principle are well known, as also the incidents of his political life. He was a member of the Unitarian body. His Memoir, by the Hon. Josiah Quincy, was published soon after his death, and also his Poems of Religion and Society, N. Y., 1848 (4th ed., 1854). He wrote, but never printed, an entire Version of the Psalms, seventeen of which, with five hymns, were inserted by his pastor, Dr. Lunt, in the Christian Psalmist, 1841. Of these the following are still in use:— 1. Sure to the mansions of the blest. [Burial.'] This is part of a piece of 20 stanzas, which appeared in the Monthly Anthology and Boston Review, Jan., 1807. It is entitled " Lines addressed to a mother on the death of two infants, !9th Sept. 1803, and L9th Deer., 1806." 2. Alas! how swift the moments fly. [Time,'] Sometimes given as " How swift, alas, the moments fly," was written for the 200th anniversary of the First Congregational Church, Quincy, Sept. 29, 1839. 3. Hark! 'tis the holy temple beU. [Sunday.] Of these Nos. 2 and 3 are found in Lyra Sac. Amer. and 2 in Putnam's Singers and Songs of the Liberal Faith, 1875. [F. M. B.] Adams, Nehemiah. b. at Salem, Mass., Feb. 19, 1806, and graduated at Harvard, 1826, and Andover, 1829. He was Congregational pastor at Cambridge, 1829-1834, and of Essex St. Church, Boston, 1834-1870. He d. 1878. In 1854 he published South-side View of Slavery, and in 1864 he edited Church Pastorals. His hymns are :— 1. Come, take His offers now. [Invitation.] An adaptation from C. Wesley, given in his Church Pastorals, 1864, and repeated in the Hymns and S. of Praise, N. Y., 1874. 2. Saints in glory, we together. [Praise.'] This is also in Ch. Pastorals 1864, and the Hys. $ S. of Praise, 1874, where it is said to be by " S. E. Mahmied." This name, which has led compilers astray for some time, is purely fictitious. [F. M. B.] Adams, Sarah, ne'e Flower, b. at Harlow, Essex, Feb. 22nd, 1805; d. in London, Aug. 14, 1848, and was buried at Harlow, Aug. 21,1848. She was the younger daughter ADDISON, JOSEPH of Mr. Benjamin Flower, editor and proprietor, of The Cambridge Intelligencer; and was married, in 1834, to William B. Adams, a civil engineer. In 1841 she pub. Vivia Perpetua, a dramatic poem dealing with the conflict of heathenism and Christianity, in which Vivia Perpetua suffered martyrdom; and in 1845, The Floch at the Fountain; a catechism and hymns for children. As a member of the congregation of the Rev. W. J. Fox, an Unitarian minister in London, she contributed 13 hymns to the Hys. and Anthems, pub. by C. Fox, Lond., in 1841, for use in his chapel. Of these hymns the most widely known are— u Nearer,my God,to Thee," and "He sendeth sun, He sendeth shower." The remaining eleven, most of which have come into common use, more especially in America, are :— 1. Creator Spirit! Thou the first. Holy Spirit. 2. Darkness shrouded Calvary. Good Friday. 3. Gently fall the dews of eve. Evening. 4. Go, and watch the Autumn leaves. Autumn. 5. O hallowed memories of the past. Memories. 6. O human heart! tbou hast a song. Praise. 7.OI would sing a song of praise. Praise. 8. O Love ! thou makest all things even. Love. 9. Part in Peace ! is day before us ? Close of Service. 10. Sing to the Lord ! for His mercies are sure. Praise. 11. The mourners came at break of day. Easter. Mrs. Adams also contributed to Novello's musical edition of Songs for the Montlis, n. d. Nearly all of the above hymns are found in the Unitarian collections of G. Brit, and America. In Martineau's Hymns of P. and P., 1873, No. 389, there is a rendering by her from Fe'nelon: —" Living or dying, Lord, I would be Thine." It appeared in the Hys. and Anthems, 1841. Addiscott, Henry, b. at Devonport, 1806; educated for the Congregational Ministry; ministered to charges at, Torquay, 1837, Maidenhead, 1838-1843; and Taunton 1843-1860, and died suddenly in Liverpool, Oct. 2, 1860. He published no volume of poems or hymns, and is known to hymnology through his " And is there, Lord, a cross tor me," a pleasing production on the words "Take up the cross and follow Me," which he contributed to the New Cong., 1859, No. 650. Addison, Joseph, b. at Milston, near Amesbury, Wiltshire, May 1, 1672, was the son of the Rev. Lancelot Addison, sometime Dean of Lichfield, and author of Devotional Poems, &c, 1699. Addison was educated-at the Charterhouse, and at Magdalen Coll., Oxford, graduating b.a. 1691 and m.a. 1693. Although intended for the Church, he gave himself to the study of law and politics, and soon attained, through powerful influence, to some important posts. He was successively a Commissioner of Appeals, an Under Secretary of State, Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and Chief Secretary for Ireland. He married, in 1716, the Dowager Countess of Warwick, and d. at Holland House, Kensington, June 17, 1719. Addison is most widely known through his contributions to The Spectator, The Toiler, The Guardian, and The Freeholder. To ihe first of these he contributed his hynins. His Cato, a tragedy, is well known and highly esteemed. Addison's claims to the authorship of the hymns usually ascribed to him, or to certain of them, have been called in question on two ADDISON, JOSEPH occasions. The first was the publication, by Captain Thompson, of certain of those hymns in his ed. of the Works of Andrew Mar veil, 1776, as the undoubted compositions of Mar-veil ; and the second, a claim in the Athenxum, July 10th, 1880, on behalf of the Rev. Richard Richmond. Fully to elucidate the subject it will be necessary, therefore, to give a chronological history of the hymns as they appeared in tho Spectator from time to time. i. The History of the Hymns in The Spectator. —This, as furnished in successive numbers of the Specttttor, is :— 1. The first of these hymns appeared in the S/jectator of Saturday, July 26, 1712, No. 441, in 4 st. of 6 1. The article in which it appeared was on Divine Providence, signed aC." The hymn itself, " The Lord my pasture shall prepare," was introduced with these words:— " David has very beautifully represented this steady reliance on God Almighty in his twenty-third psalm, which is a kind of pastoral hymn, and filled with those allusions which are usual in that kind of writing As the poetry is very exquisite, I shall present my readers with the following translation of it." {Orig. Broadsheet, Brit. Mus.) 2. The second hymn appeared in the Spectator on Saturday, Aug. 9, 1712, No. 453, in 13 st. of 4 1., and forms the conclusion of an essay on " Gratitude." It is also signed " C," and is thus introduced:— 441 have already obliged the public with some pieces of divine poetry which have fallen into my hands, and as they have met with the reception which they deserve, I shall, from time to time, communicate any work of the same nature which has not appeared in print, and may be acceptable to my readers." {Orig. Broadsheet, Brit. Mus.) Then follows the hymn:—"When all Thy mercies, 0 my God." 3. The number of the Spectator for Tuesday, Aug. 19, 1712, No. 461, is composed of three parts. The first is an introductory paragraph by Addison, the second, an unsigned letter from Isaac Watts, together with a rendering by him of Ps. 114th ; and the third, a letter from Steele. It is with the first two we have to deal. The opening paragraph by Addison is:— 44 For want of time to substitute something else in the Boom of them, I am at present obliged to publish Compliments above my Desert in the following Letters. It is no small Satisfaction, to have given Occasion to ingenious Men to employ their Thoughts upon sacred Subjects from the Approbation of such Pieces of Poetry as they have seen in my Saturday's papers. I shall never publish Verse on that Day but what is written by the same Hand; yet shall I not accompany those Writings with Eulogiums, but leave them to speak for themselves." {Orig. Broadsheet, Brit. Mus.) In his letter Dr. Watts, after some compliments to " Mr. Spectator," says:— * Upon reading the hymns that you have published in some late papers, I had a mind to try yesterday whether I could write one. The 114th Psalm appears to me an admirable ode, and I began to turn it into our language ".. .and more to the same effect, finishing with: 44 If the following essay be not too incorrigible, bestow upon it a few brightenings from your genius, that I may learn how to write better, or write no more." The hymn which follows is—" When Israel, freed from Pharaoh's hand," in 6 st. of 4 1. Although this rendering of Ps. 114 is unsigned in the Spectator, its authorship is determined by its republication in Dr. Watts's Psalms of David. 1719. ADDISON, JOSEPH 17 4. According to the promise thus given the remaining hymns in the Spectator appeared in every case, on a Saturday. The first was:— " The spacious firmament on high," which appeared on Saturday, Aug. 23rd, 1712, No. 465, that is, four days after the promise made in the note to Dr. Watts's letter and hymn. It is in 3 st. of 8 1. signed " C," and is introduced at the close of an essay on the proper means of strengthening and confirming faith in the mind of man. The quotation, " The heavens declare the glory of God," Ps. xix. 1, &c, is followed by "these words:— "As such a bold and sublime manner of Thinking furnished out very noble Matter for an Ode, the Reader may see it wrought into the following one." {Orig. Broadsheet, Brit. Mus.) 5. The next hymn was given in the Spectator on Saturday, Sep. 20th, 1712, No. 489, in 10 st. of 4 1., and signed "0." It begins:-  %" How are Thy servants blest, 0 Lord," and closes an essay on " Greatness " as a source of pleasure to the imagination with special reference to the ocean. It is thus introduced:— " Great painters do not only give us Landskips of Gardens, Groves, and Meadows, but very often employ their Pencils upon Sea-Pieces. I could wish you would follow their example. If this small Sketch may deserve a Place among your Works, 1 shall accompany it with a Divine Ode, made by a Gentleman upon the Conclusion of his Travels." {Orig. Broadsheet, Brit. Mus.) The " Travels " alluded to are evidently those of Addison on the Continent from 1699 to 1702. Referring to an incident in his return voyage, Lord Macaulay, in his essay on Addison in the Edinburgh Review of July, 1843, says:— " In December, 1700, he embarked at Marseilles. As he glided along the Ligurian coast, he was delighted by the sight of myrtles and olive trees, which retained their verdure under the winter solstice. Soon, however, he encountered one of the black storms of the Mediterranean. The captain of the ship gave up all for lost, and confessed himself to a capuchin who happened to be on board. The English heretic, in the meantime, fortified himself against the terrors of death with devotions of a very different kind. How strong an impression this perilous voyage made on him, appears from the Ode, * How are Thy servants blest, O Lord!' which was long after published in the Spectator." 6. The last hymn of this series was:—" When rising from the bed of death." It appeared in the Spectator on Saturday, Oct. 18th, 1712, No. 513, in 6 st. of 4 1. and signed " O." It is appended to a letter purporting to have been written by an " excellent man in Holy Orders whom I have mentioned more than once as one of that society who assist me in my speculations." The subject is "Sickness," and the concluding words are:—• " It is this Series of Thoughts that I have endeavoured to express in the following Hymn, which I have composed during this my Sickness." 7. Thfe whole of these hymns, including that by Watts, have been in common use during most of the past, and during the whole of the present century ; and although lacking the popularity which they once possessed, they are still found in the front rank in all English-speaking countries. They have also been translated into various languages, including, "The Lord my pasture," &c.; '* When all Thy mercies," &c.; " The spacious firmament," &c, into Latin in the Rev. R. Bingham's Hymnologi/t* Christiana Zatina, 1871, 18 ADDISON, JOSEPH ii. Addison's Claims.—The claims of Adcli-eon to the authorship of five of these six hymns (omitting that by Dr. Watts) are not of a character to be removed or explained away. 1. First we find them included in essays which are acknowledged to be his and bear his recognised signatures " 0." and " 0." 2. They are clearly by the same writer as the prose of the essays, and are the natural outcome and reproduction, in metre, of their turns of thought and modes of expression. 3. They are all Saturday hymns, and are declared by Addison himself to be in every case "by the same hand." That the hand was the hand of Addison is evident from a curious side-light which is thrown upon the subject by comparing the passage with which he introduced the hymn " When all Thy mercies," &c, on Saturday, Aug. 9,1712, as given in the original Broadsheet of that day, and the same passage as rewritten, and published in the first edition in book form of the Spectator, late in the same year. The first (although already quoted we give it again for readiness of comparison) is: " I have already obliged the public with some pieces of divine poetry which have fallen into my hands, and as they have met with the reception which they deserve, I shall, from time to time, communicate any work of the same nature which has not appeared in print, and may be acceptable to my readers." (Orig. Broad-sheet, Brit. Mus.) This passage reads thus in the first ed. of the Spectator, in book form, 1712 :— "I have already communicated to the public some pieces of Divine Poetry, and as they have met with a very favourable reception, I shall from time to time publish any work of the same nature which has not yet appeared in print, and may be acceptable to my readers." {Spectator, 1st ed. King's Copy, Brit. Mus.) This last reading is repeated in all subsequent editions of the Spectator, and was evidently rewritten to remove the somewhat unbecoming assertion that the hymns " have met with the reception which they deserve ;" to harmonize it with the paragraphs concerning hymns in later numbers of the Spectator; and to render it and them uniformly consistent with the received impression that he was the author of those pieces of "Divine Poetry" which appeared in the Saturday numbers of the Spectator, 4. Addison died in 1719. In 1721 Thomas Tickell, one of the contributors to the Spectator, and to whom Addison left his papers with directions concerning their use, published the same in 4 vols., as The Works of the Bight Honourable Joseph Addison, Esqr., London, Printed for Jacob Tonson, at Shakespears Head, over against Katharine Street in the Strand, m.dcc.xxl In these vols. both the Essays and the Hymns arc given. They are also repeated in TJie Christian Poet. A Miscellany of Divine Poems all written by the late Mr. Secretary Addison, &c, London, Printed for E. Curll, in the Strand, m.dcc.xx.viii. The positive evidence for Addison is thus complete. iii. Andrew Marvell.—The first and only claim on behalf of Marvell was made by Captain Edward Thompson in The Works of Andrew Marvell, Esqr. Poetical, Controversial, and Political, containing many original Letters, Poems and Tracts never before printed, ADDISON, JOSEPH with a New Life of the Author. By Cap. Edward Thompson, in 3 vols. London, Printed for the Editor, by Henry Baldwin, .m.dcc.lxx.vi. In his Preface to this work Thompson says:— "Since the death of-Mr. Thomas Hollis I have been favoured by his successor with many anecdotes, manuscripts, and scarce compositions of our author, such as I was unable to procure anywhere else; and by the attention and friendship of Mr. Thomas Raikes, I have been put in possession of a volume of Mr. Marvell's poems, some written with his own hand, and the rest copied by his orders; this valuable acquisition was many years in the care of Mr. Nettleton, which serves now (in his own words) to detect the theft and ignorance of 6ome writers." Thompson then proceeds in the same Preface to give extracts from this ms. but without naming, in any iustance, the handwriting in which he found the quotations, thus leaving it an open question as to whether any given piece was in the handwriting of Marvell, or of some one else. The hymns in the Spectator which he claims for Marvell are :—" When Israel, freed from Pharaoh's hand" (Dr. Watts); " When all Thy mercies, O my God;" and " The spacious firmament on high." The first of these he vehemently and coarsely accuses Tickell of stealing from Marvell; the reason for attacking Tickell, instead of Addison, arising probably out of the fact that Steele's letter in the same number of the Spectator as the hymn, as noted above, is signed " T." This ignorance on his pavt of Steele's signature, is equalled by his further ignorance of the fact that the piece in question was given by Dr. Watts as his own in his Psalms of David, in 1719, and had thus been before the public as Watts's acknowledged work, for some 57 years! The argument as against Addison for the two remaining hymns is summed up in the accusation of theft on Addison's part, and the statement:— " How these came to Mr. Addison's hands I cannot explain; but by his words [* I have already communicated,' &c, as above] they seem to be remitted by correspondents, and might perhaps come from the relations of Marvell." To this we need only add that in no subsequent collection of Maryell's Works are these claims made, or the pieces reprinted: and that the able and learned editor of The Complete Works in Verse and Prose of Andrew Marvell, M.P., the Rev A. B. Grosart (Fuller Worthies Library), maintains in his " Memorial Introduction," pp. lxii.-lxiv., that— " The claim put in by Captain Thompson for Marvell having written the well-known Songs of Zion, called Paraphrases, commencing, * The spacious firmament on high,' and • When all Thy mercies, 0 my God,' and ' When Israel, freed from Pharaoh's hand,' and also the celebrated ballad of ' William and Margaret,' cannot be sustained. As matter of fact it went by default at the time the claim was originally made, seeing that, challenged to produce the ms. book alleged to contain these pieces, it never was produced, and seems to have been destroyed. I have no idea that Captain Thompson meant to impose; but from his own account it is clear that while the us. volume evidently contained many of Marvell's own poems—and for three of the greatest (one being the Horatian Ode) we are indebted to it—it is clear that subsequent, and long subsequent, to Marvell, some other scribe had turned the vacant leaves into an album or commonplace book." The discussion of the claims on behalf of Marvell, which appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1776, has not been overlooked. As, ADDISON, LANCELOT however, the writers argued from insufficient data, it would have produced confusion to have noticed that discussion in detail. iv. Richard Richmond.—The latest claim to the authorship of the piece u When all Thy mercies, O my God/' has been mside on behalf of one Richard Richmond, sometime Rector of Walton-on-ihe-Ribble, Lancashire. This hymn is found in an undated letter in the ms. correspondence of John Ellis, one of Queen Anne's Under Secretaries of State. The writer of the letter begs for preferment at the hands of Ellis. The hymn is thus referred to therein: f&" Appropriate this most excellent hymn, suitable, sir, to your excellent virtues, and hope it may prove a motive for your honour's Christian benevolence to the author in adversity, to comfort the sorrows in life, shall be thankful to Heaven, and your worship's most gracious hand." (Athenaum, July 10,1880.) In addition to the arguments already set forth on behalf of Addison, we have, in this undated extract of bad English, a clear proof that the writer could never have penned those lines which appeared in the Spectator of Saturday, Aug. 9, 1712. The paragraph also, when rightly construed, shows that by the term author used therein, Richmond meant himself as the icriter of the letter, and not as the author of the hymn. It is quite clear that he copied the hymn from the Spectator, and incorporated it, with slight alterations, in his letter, to give grace to his ill-worded appeal for preferment at the hands of Ellis. From a literary, as distinct from a historical, point of view, there is abundant proof in the Essays and the Hymns that they were, in each case, the prose and poetic expressions of the same hand. This has already been indicated in the titles we find given to the Essays. One example will show how conclusively this argument may be wrought out. It is from No. 453, on u Gratitude " :— " If gratitude is due from man to man, how much more from man to his Maker? The Supreme Being does not only confer upon us those bounties, which proceed more immediately from His hand, but even those benefits which are conveyed to us by others. Every blessing we enjoy, by what means so ever it may be derived upon us, is the gift of Him who is the great Author of good, and Father of mercies." This thought is then illustrated by references to the examples set to Christian poets by Greek and Latin poets and Jewish writers, who all excel in their Odes of adoration and praise; and the essay closes with:— " When all Thy mercies, O my God, My rising soul surveys; Transported with the view, I'm lost In wonder, love, and praise." In this the thought, style, and mode of expression, so far as prose and verse can agree, are the same, both in the Essay and in the Hymn. This evidence is also strengthened when we find that the Hymns, when compared with Addison's Poems, are strongly marked by the same individuality. We may add that Addison's signature varied in the Spectator, and embraced the letters " C," " L," " I," and " O "; and that the original text of each hymn is given in all good editions of that work. [J. J.] Addison, Lancelot, d.d., father of the above, b. at Crosby Ravensworth, Westmoreland. 1632, and educated at Queen's Coll., ADESTE, COELITUM 19 Oxford. Until the Restoration he spent part of his time at Oxford and part in retirement. He then became chaplain to the garrison at Dunkirk : and in 1663, to that at Tangier. In 1670 he was appointed Chaplain in Ordinary to the King, shortly after, Rector of Mil-ston, Wilts, and Prebendary in the Cathedral of Salisbury. Finally, in 1683, he was preferred to the Deanery of Lichfield; d. 1703. In addition to some prose works, he published Devotional Poems, Festival and practical, on some of the chief Christian Festivals, Fasts, Graces, and Virtues, &c. Lond., Henry Bon-wick, 1699. [J. J.] Ades Pater supreme. Prudentim. [Evening.'] Given in all editions of his works, including Aurelii Prudentii dementis V. C, Opera Omnia, vol. i. pp. 97-105, with notes (Lond., Valpy, 1824). It is No. vi. of the Cathemerinon, and extends to 152 lines. Of the complete hymn we have no tr. into English, but three centos therefrom have been tr. thus: 1. Ades Pater supreme—Be present, Holy Father. By J. M. Neale, in the enlarged ed. of the Hymnal N., 1854, No. 10, being a rendering of 11. 1-12, 125-128, 141-152, and a doxology not in the original. This was repeated in the People's II. 1867, No. 436, and with alterations in the Hyin-nary, 1872, No. 17. In this last, two sts. (v. vi.) were added from 11. 129-132, and 137-140. This cento is usually given for Sunday evening. 2. Fluzit labor diei—The toil of day is over.— By J. A. Johnston, added to his English Hymnal, 1861, No. 256. It is a free rendering based upon st. iii.-vii. of Dr. Neale, as above. 3. Cultor Dei memento—Servant of God, remember. This portion of the hymn, given in Daniel, i., No. 110 ; Card. Newman's Hy. Eccl. 1838 and 1865 ; Wackernagel and others, is composed of 11. 125-152, with the addition of a doxology. It was used in the Sarum Brev. "At Compline on Passion Sunday, and Daily up to Maundy Thursday." Also in the Mozarabic Brev.; the Mozarabic Hymnarium; and in an 11th cent. MS. in the British Museum (Harl. 2961, f. 238). The tr. in C. U. is:—" Servant of God ! remember," by W. J. Blew. First printed with music on a broadsheet, and then in The Ch. Hy. and Tune BL, 1852; 2nd ed. 1855. It is from the Sarum text, and in 7 st. of 4 1. In 1870 it was included in Mr. Rice's Hymns, No. 105. Translations not in C. XT. :— 1. Remember, them who lov'st the Lord. By. Anal. 1844. 2. Christian, ever keep in mind. Copeland. 1848. 3. Child of God! remember thou. Chambers. 1857. 4. Come, Great Father, Mighty Lord,—Francis Turner (Bp. of Ely), in Dodd's Christian's Magazine, Sep., 1761. [J. J.] Adeste, Coelitum chori. Nicholas le Tourneaux. [Easter.] In the revised Paris Breviary, 1736, this hymn was for the Ferial Office at Matins (Sundays included) in Eastertide, beginning on Low Sunday and continuing to the Feast of the Ascension, and is marked with the initials "N. T." It is also used in like manner in the Lyons and other modern French Breviaries. The Paris Brev. text was reprinted in Card. Newman's Hymni Eccle-siae, 1838 and 1865, and J. Chandler's Hys. of the Prim, Church, 1837, No, 68. [W. A. S.] 20 ADESTE FIDELES Translations in C. U. :— 1. Angels, come on joyous pinion. By I. Wil-/iams, 1st pub. in his Hys. tr. from the Paris Brev., 1839, p. 128, in 6 st. of 6 1. In 1851 it was given, somewhat altered, by Dr. Rorison in his Hys. and Anthems, No. 81. In the Anglican H. Bk., 2nd ed., 1871, No. 152, it is altered to " Come, once more with songs descending." 2. Heavenly choirs with anthems sweet. By R. Campbell, written in 1849 [c. MSS.], and included in his collection commonly known as the St. Andrew's Hymnal, 1850, in 6 st. of 4 I. It is the most popular of the renderings of the "Adeste, Coelitum." In 1853 it was given, with alterations, and the omission of st. iii., in the Cooke and Denton Hymnal, No. 87. This was repeated by Kennedy, 1863, No. 697, with the addition of " Alleluia," as a refrain to each verse. In the Appendix to the Hymnal N., enlarged ed., 1864, No. 38, st. iii. is restored; but the dox-ology is displaced in favour of a much weaker rendering. In Mr. Shipley's Annus Sanctus, 1884, the tr. is given from the Campbell mss., and st. iii., vi., vii. are added by J. C. Earle. 3. Angels to our Jubilee. By W. J. Blew. 1st printed on a broadsheet for use in his church [e. mss.], and then in his Hy. and Tune Bk., 1852, in 8 st. of 4 1. This was repeated in the People's II, 1867, No. 119, and Bice's SeL from Blew, 1870, No. 50. 4. Come, ye heavenly Choirs descending. By Bp. J. R. Woodford, contributed to his Hymns, &c, 1852, No. 38, and republished in the Parish H. Bk., 1863 and 1875 ; Chope's Hymnal, 1864, No. 100, and other collections. It is in 6 st. of 4 1., of which st. v. is from I. Williams as above. Translations not in C. V. :— 1. Come, thou blest angelic throng. Cltandler, 1837. 2. Descend from Heaven, ye Angel choirs. Chambers, 1857. [J. J.] Adeste fideles laeti triumphantes. [Christmas.'] As to the authorship and actual date of this hymn nothing positive is known. It has been ascribed to St. Bonaventura, but is found in no edition of his Works. Most probably it is a hymn of the 17th or 18th century, and of French or German authorship. The text appears in three forms. The first is in 8 st., the second, that in use in France, and the third the English use, both in Latin and English. The full text from Thesaurus Ani-mae Christianae, Mechlin, n.d. (where it is given as a second sequence for Christmas and said to be " Ex Graduali Cisterciensi") is :— 1. Adeste, fideles, 14. Stella duce. Magi Laeti triumphantes; ! Christum adorantes, Venite, venite in Betble- Aurum, thus, et myrrham, hem; Natum videte Regem Angelorum: Venite adoremus Dominum. 2. Deum de Deo; Lumen de Lumine, Gestant puellae viscera Deum Verum, Genitum non factum: Venite adoremus Dominum. 3. En grege relicto, Humiles ad cunas, Vocati pastores appro- perant. Et nos ovanti Gradu festinemus, Venite adoremus Dominum. dant munera. Jesu infanti Corda praebeamus: Venite adoremus Dominum. 5. Acterni Parentis Splendorem Aeternura, Velatum sub came vide- bimus, Deum infantem, Pannis involutum, Venite adoremus Dominum. 6. Pro nobis egenum Et foeno cubantem Piis foveamus amplexibus; Sic nos amantem Quis non redameret ? Venite adoremus Dominum. ADESTE FIDELES 7. Cantet nunc hymnos, 8. Ergo Qui natus Chorus Angelorum: Die hodierna, Cantet nunc aula celes- Jesu Tibi sit gloria: tium,Patris AeterniGloriaVerbum CaroIn excelsis Deo!turn!fao Venite adoremus Dominum. Venite adoremus Dominum In the English and French centos there are various readings; but we need only note three —st. v., 1. 1, Patris for •«Parentis"; st. vii., 1. 1, Io for " hymnos "; and rarely, exultant, for "nunc hymnos"; st. viii., 1. 2, hodierno, for "hodierna:" and of these the second is probably the original text. The English cento is composed of st. i., ii., vii. and viii., and the French, generally of st. i., iii., v., vi., and, very rarely, st. iv. also. Towards the close of the last century it was sung both in England and in France at Benediction during Christ-mastide. As early as 1797 the hymn was sung at the Chapel of the Portuguese Embassy, of which Vincent Novello was organist, and the tune (ascribed by Novello to John Reading, organist of Winchester Cathedral, 1675-1681, and of the College to 1692) at once became popular. The use of the French cento may be gathered from the following rubric from the Nouveau Paroissien Nantais, Nantes, 1837:— Aux Fetes de Noel. (Response.) Venite adoremus, venite adoremus, venite adoremus Dominum. Les Chantres continuent: Adeste, fideles, etc.; et on repete a chaque strophe: Venite, etc. The hymn was so familiar that it is not printed in full. "We find st. i., iii., v., and vi., in the Office de St. Omer, St. Omew, 1822, in the Paroissien Complet du Diocese d'Autun, Autun, 1837, in the Amiens Paroissien, 1844, in the Rouen Paroissien, Rouen, 1873, and in Ihe Paroissien Bomain, Paris, n.d., but c. 1868, st. i., iii., iv., v. and vi., which arc also in an undated Tours Paroissien. In the Paroissien Complet, Paris, of which the " Approbation " is dated July, 28th, 1827, the hymn is given in both the English and French forms. At p. 583 it occurs as, "Hymne Qui se chante, dans plusieurs eglises de Paris pendant le temps de la Nativite;" this is the English form, with various readings, consisting of st. i., ii., vii., viii.; then follows, " Hymne pour le temps de Noel," the ordinary French version st. i., iii., v. and vi., and both also occur in A Coll. of Ps., H., Anthems, &c, Washington, 1830. [W. T. B.] Translations in C. U.:— 1. Come, faithful all, rejoice and sing. Anon, in 4 st. of 5 1. in Every Families Assistant at Compline, Benediction, <£'rd," by J. C. Jacobi, 1122, p. 68; in his ed. 1732, p. 114, altered to " To Thee, 0 Lord, I send my cries," and thence as No. 310 in pt. i. of the Moravian H. Bk. 1754; omitted in 1789 and 1801; in the Supplement of 1808, st. i., iv. were included as No. 1082, and repeated in later eds. altered to " To Thee I send my fervent cries." (3) " I cry to Thee, 0 Christ our Lord! " by N. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 205. [J. M.] Ah, I shall soon be dying. /. Ryland. [Death anticipated.'] Dr. Ryland's son says that this hymn was written by his father while walking through the streets of London, and dates it 1800, (s. mss.). This date is an error, as the hymn appeared in the Evangelical Magazine, Oct. 1798, in 8 si of 4 1., as "Reflections," and with the note:— "The following lines passed through the mind of a country minister as he was walking the streets of London, and considering how far several persons appeared now to be advanced in life whom he had known in their youth a very few years back, and how many others of his acquaintance had been already removed." The hymn was repeated in the Baptist Register, 1800, p. 312, and in the 27th ed. of Rippon's Sel, 1827-8, No. 550. pt. iii. From thence it has passed into collections both in G. Brit, and America. It is also included in Sedgwick's reprint of Dr. Ryland's Hymns, 1860. Ah, Jesus, let me hear Thy voice. A. Reed, [Desiring Christ.] Contributed to his Supplement to Dr. Watts, 1817, No. 108, and also included in his Hymn Booh, 1842, No. 335 in 5 st. of 4 1. under the title, '• Desiring Christ." It was repub. in the Wyclife Chapel Sup. 1872, No. 14. Its use in G. Brit, is very limited, but in America it is regarded with great favour. In his Ch. H. Bit. Dr. Hatfield omits st. 4. Orig. test in Lyra Brit. p. 476, and SchafTs Chrid in Song, 1869. Ah, Lord, with trembling I confess. C. Wesley. [Backsliding.] From his Short Hymns, &c, 1762, vol. ii., No. 30. It appeared in the Wes. H. Bk., 1780; and is retained in the new ed., 1875, No. 317. It has also passed into various collections in G. Brit, and America, and is included in the P. Works of J. & C. Wesley, 1868-72, vol. x. p. 165. Ah, lovely appearance of death. C. Wesley. [Burial.] 1st pub. in his Funeral Hymns (1st Ser.), 1746, No. v., and entitled " On the sight of a» Corpse." The body is supposed to have been that of a young man who died at Cardiff, Aug. 1744; as, concerning him, C. Wesley wrote in his Journal of that date, " The Spirit, at its departure, had left marks of its happiness on the clay. No sight upon earth, in my eyes, is half so lovely." In 1780 it was included in the Wes. H. Bk., but omitted in the revised ed. of 1875. Orig. text, P. Works of J. & C. Wesley, 1868-72, vol. vi. p. 193. The text of this hymn was revised by the author about 1782, and reduced to 5 st. Details of the M8. alterations are given in the P. Works, vol. vi. p. 212. Although omitted from the Wes. H. Bk., 1875, it is still retained in many collections in G. Brit, and America. Ah, mournful case, what can afford. Ralph Erskine. [Longing for Heaven."] 1st AH, WHITHER SHOULD pub. in his Gospel Sonnets (2nd ed., Edin., 1726) as section i. of pt. v., entitled " The deserted Believer longing for perfect Freedom from Sin," in 20 st. of 4 lines. St. xiv.-xx beginning—" O send me down a draught of love "—were included in the Sacred Songs of Scotland, 1860 (Edin., A. Elliott), p. 41, as No. 370 in Lord Sel home's Bk. of Praise, and adopted, as No. 230, in the Scottish Pres. Hyml, 1876. [J. M.] Ah, my dear Lord, Whose changeless love. C. Wesley. [In Temptation.] 1st pub. in Hymns and Sacred Poems by J. & C. Wesley, 1739, in 14 st. of 4 1. In Kennedy, 1863, No. 1266, is composed of st. i., ii., iii., vii., x, and xii. In its original form it is unknown to modern hymnals, and the use of this cento is very limited. Stanzas xi.-xiv.—as " Fondly my foolish heart essays "—were given in the Wes. II. Bk. 1780, as No. 282. The same stanzas are No. 291 of the revised ed. 1875. Orig. text, P. Works, 18G8-72, vol. i. p. 131. Ah, my dear loving Lord. C. Wesley. [Spiritual life within.] This poem, of 15 double stanzas, in two parts, is the last of three entitled, *4 The Backslider," which appeared in Hys. and Sacred Poem*, 1742. In 1780 the hymn " My gracious, loving Lord," was compiled therefrom, and included with alterations, in the Wes. H. Bk. from whence it has passed into many collections of the Methodist bodies, dig. text, P. Works, 1868-72, vol. ii. p. 114. Ah, what a wretch am I. C. Wesley. [ Watch-night.'] 1st pub. in Hymns and Sacred Poems, 1749, being No. 2 of "Hymns for the Watch-night," in 10 st. of 8 1. Of these, st. ix., x., beginning, "Thou seest my feebleness," are found in some collections, including the Leeds H. Bk., 1853, Bapt. Ps. and Hys., 1858, and othere. The cento " Gracious lto-deemer, shake," in the Wes. II. Bk., 1780 and 1875, and other collections, is also from this hymn. It begins with st. v. (Orig. text, P. Works, 1868-72, vol. v. p. 261). In the American Bk. of Hys., 1848, and the Hys. of the Spirit, 1864, it reads, "Father, this slumber shake." Ah, when shall I awake. C. Wesley. [Prayer.] From his Hymns on God's Everlasting Love, first pub. in 1741, in 11 st. of 8 L (second series), No. vii. Of the original, 6 st. were included in the 1780 ed. of the Wes. H. Bk., No. 294. Orig. text, P. Worlcs, 1868-72, vol. iii. p. 61. Ah, whither flee, or where abide. [Retirement] Contributed by Miss Winkworth to Lyra Mystica, 1865, p. 263, in 7 st. of 8 1., as from the German. The original has not been traced. Ah, whither should I go. C. Wesley. [Lent.] 1st pub. in his Hymns on God?s Ever' lasting Love, 1741, No. 14, in 16 st. of 8 1. In 1780 st. i.-iv. were given in the Wes. H. Bk. as one hymn, and st. xiv.-xvi., " Lo in Thy hand," as a second, under the division " For mourners convinced of Sin." Although the latter was omitted from the revised ed., 1875, yet both hymns are found in a considerable AH, WHY AM I LEFT number of collections, both in G. Brit, and America. Orig. text in P. Works, 1868-72, vol. iii. p. 89. Ah, why am I left to complain. C. Wesley. [Lent] From his Short Hymns, 1762 ; again 1794 ; and in P. Works, 1868-72, vol. x. p. 26. It was included in the Wes. H. Bk,, new cd., 1875, No. 777. Ah, wretched souls who strive in vain. Anne Steele. [Lent.] A hymn on "The Christian's Noblest Resolution/' which appeared in her Poems on Subjects chiefly Devotional, 1760, vol. i. p. 161, in 5 st. of 4 1., from whence it passed into the Bapt. Coll. of Hy». of Ash and Evans, 1769, No. 286, and signed " T."; into Rippon's Bapt. Sel, 1787, No. 334, and others. It is also found in Sedgwick's reprint of Miss Sttele's Hymns, 1863. Ah, wretched, vile, ungrateful heart. Anne Steele. [Leuf] Under the title of " The Inconstant He.irt," this hymn was pub. in her Poems on Subjects chiefly Devotional, 1760, vol. i. p. 119, in 5 st. of 41.; again in the next ed., 1780 ; and again in Sedgwick's reprint of her Hymns, 1863. Its use is unknown, or nearly so, in G. Brit., but in America it is given in several of the most important modern collections, including Hatfield's Ch. H. Bk,, 1872, No. 970, and others. Auyv7rrov (jxncmjp. [St. Mark."} Three homoia (hymns of the same structure) from the office for St. Mark (Ap. 25) in the Menaea. The only ir. is that by Dr. Littledale—" Mark, shining light of Egypt ''—which was made for and first published in the People's H., 1867, No. 217, and signed " F. R." The doxology is not in the original. . Aikin, Anna L. [Barbauld, A. L.] Ainger, Alfred, m.a., graduated Trin. Coll. Cambridge, b.a. 1860, m.a. 186i. In 1860 he became curate of Alrewas, Staffordshire; in 1864 Assistant Master of Sheffield Collegiate School, and in 1866 Reader at the Temple Church, London. Mr. Ainger's Harvest hymn "Another year is ended," was written for the Harvest Festival at Alrewas, 1862, in 5 st. of 81. On appearing in Harland, cd. 1861, No. 216, two stanzas were reduced to one, thus forming a hymn of 4 st. Its use is not extensive. Ainsworth, Henry, was a leader of the Brownist party in England, and one of those nonconforming clergy who, in 1604, left this country for Amsterdam. He was a learned man and skilled in Hebrew. He became very poor in exile, living on the meanest fare, and acting as porter to a bookseller. He was of a warm temperament and apt to be quarrelsome; d. 1622 o,r 1623, suddenly, which gave rise to a suspicion of unfair play on the part of the Jewish community. His translations from the Hebrew Psalms were printed at Amsterdam and entitled The Booke of Psalms: Englished both in Prose and Metre, 1612. It contained a preface and had musical notes. There is a copy in the Bodleian Library. [J. T. B.] ALANUS DE INSULIS 33 Aird, Marion Paul, b. at Glasgow, 1815, where she resided for some time, and then proceeded to Kilmarnock, where her Home of the Heart and other Poems Moral and Religious were pub. 1846-1863, her Heart Histories, Violets from Greenwood, &c, in prose and verse, 1853, and Sun and Shade, 1860. Miss Aird is included in J. G. Wilson's Poets and Poetry of Scotland, 1876, vol. ii. p. 389. Very few of her hymns are in C. U., amongst these is " Had I the wingd of a dove, I would fly.'? Akerman, Lucy Evelina, ne'e Met-calf. An American Unitarian writer, dau. of Thomas Metcalf, b. at Wrentham, Mass., Feb. 21, 1816, m. to Charles Akerman, of Portsmouth, N.H, resided at Providence, R.I., and d. there Feb. 21,1874. Mrs. Akerman is known as a hymn writer through her:— Nothing but leaves, the Spirit grieves, which was suggested by a sermon by M. D. Con way, and 1st pub. in the N. Y. Christian Observer, cir. 1858. In the Scottish Family Treasury, 1859, p. 136, it is given without name or signature, and was thus introduced into G. Brit. In America it is chiefly in use amongst the Baptists. Its popularity in Great Britain arose out of its incorporation by Mr. Sankey, in his Sac. 8. & Solos, No. 34, and his rendering of it in the evangelistic services of Mr. Moody. The air to which it is sung is by an American composer, S. J. Vail. Alarms de Insulis, or of Lille in Flanders, called also Alanus Angiicus, lived in tho last half of Iho ] 2th and part of the 13th cent. There appears to bo much doubt, which has resulted in much controversy, as to whether or not there were two individuals bearing the name of Alanus de Insulis, or whether Alanus the poet, known as " Doctor Universalis," was identical with Alanus the Bishop of Auxerre, the friend of St. Bernard. It is unnecessary to discuss the question here. There is no doubt that the poet is identical with the "Doctor Universalis." The principal works of this author were:— 1. Parables, a work described by Archbishop Trench in his Sac. Lat. Poetry, 3rd ed., 1874, as having been *• in high favour before the revival of learning." 2. Anti-Claudianus, a moral poem of considerable length, divided into nine books, called " Distinctiones." It is upon this work that his fame chiefly rests. 3. Liber de Planctu Xaturae, written partly in verse, and partly in prose. Leyser (p. 1020) says of this author " Inter aevi sui poetas facile fumiliam duxit;" Oudin (De Script. Eccles., ii. p. 1405) that the Anti-Claudianus is " singulari festivitate, lepore, et elegantia conscriptum;" Rambaeh (Antho-logie, i. p. 329) speaks highly of his merits; while Archbishop Trench, though demurring somewhat to the full praises of the -others, allows that in such passages as the one commencing, "Est locus ex nostro secretus climate " (which is the description of a natural paradise), " Ovidian both in their merits and defects, we must recognise the poet's hand," Sac. Lat. Poetry, 1849 pnd 1874. Only one complete ed. of this poet's works is known, viz., Alani Opera, ed. C. de Visch, Antwerp, 1654; but his Anti-Claudianus and Liber de Planctu Naturae are given at length in T. Wright's Anglo-Latin. Satirical Poets, &c, of the 12th cent, Lon., 1872, 34 ALARD, WILHELM vol. ii. Extracts from his works are also found in the authors above referred to, and others. One of his poems, " Omnis Mundi creatura," has been tr. into English. It is given in Worsley's Poems and Translations. 1863, p. 199. Latin text in Trench and Konigs-feld. [D. S. W.] Alard, Wilhelm, s. of Frans Alard, who was confessor of the Eeforraed Faith during the persecutions of the Duke of Alva, was b. at Wilster, Nov. 22,1572. He was not only by birth a member of a noble Belgian family, but of one distinguished for three or four generations in classical and theological literature. Indeed, in 1721, a volume was published at Hamburg by one of the family entitled Decas Alardorum scriptis Clarorum. Wilhelm Alard, amongst other compositions, published three small volumes of Latin hymns :— 1. Excubiarum Piarum Centuria, Lipsiae, 1623. 2. Excubiarum Piarum Centuria Secunda, 1628. 3. Excubiarum Piarum Centuria Tertia, 1630. These hymns were held in high esteem when they first appeared, the first volume passing through four editions during its author's lifetime. They are now almost forgotten. Archbishop Trench has given one short specimen from each of the first two centuries in his Sac. Lat Poetry, 1849 and 1874, from the first, a hymn " Accessuri ad sacram Communionem Oratio ad Jesum Ser-vatorem," p. 246; and from the second, " De angelo custode," p. 240. The latter very graceful composition, commencing, " Cum me tenent fallacia," is also in Loftie's Latin Year, and, tr. into English, in D. T. Morgan's Hys., &c, of the Lat Church, 1880. The poet during his latter year3 was pastor and superintendent at Krempe, in Holstein, where he d. May 9,1645. [D. S. W.] Alas! and did my Saviour bleed. I. Watts. [Passiontide.'] 1st pub. in the 1st ed. of his Hymns and Spiritual Songs, 1707, and again in the enlarged ed. of the same 1709, Bk. ii., No. 9,in 6 st. of 4 1., and entitled " Godly sorrow arising from the Sufferings of Christ." At a very early date it passed into common use outside of the religious body with which Watts was associated. It is found in many modern collections in G. Brit., but its most extensive use is in America. Usually the second stanza, marked in the original to be left out in singing if desired, is omitted, both in the early and modern collections. A slightly altered version of this hymn, with the omission of st. ii., was rendered into Latin by the Eev. R. Bingham, as "Anne fundens sanguinem," was included in his Hymnol. Christ. Lat, 1871, pp. 245-247. Alas! by nature how depraved. J. Newton. [Lent] Appeared in the Olney Hijmns, 1779, Bk. ii., No. 29, in 7 st. of 4 1., and based on the words, "How shall I put thee among the children ? " Jer. iii. 19. As given in Snepp's S. of G. & G., 1872, No. 450, and elsewhere, it is composed of st. i.-iv. of the original. Alas! what hourly dangers rise. Anne Sleele. [Watchfulness."] 1st pub. in her Poems on% Subjects chiefly Devotional, 1760, vol. i. pp. 79-80, in 6 st. of 4 1., and entitled ALBER, ERASMUS " Watchfulness and Prayer," Matt. xxvi. 7 It was also reprinted in subsequent eds. of the Poems, and in Sedgwick's reprint of her Hymns, 1863. In Williams & Boden's Coll., 1801, No. 362, it was abbreviated to 4 st., and this example has been mostly followed to the present day. Its use in G. Brit, is very limited; but in America it is somewhat extensive, and varies in length from 3 to 5 st., the Sabb. H. Bk., 1858, No. 637, being an exception in favour of the complete text, with the single alteration of " my " to " mine eyes " in st. 1. Alber, Erasmus, son of Tileman Alber, afterwards pastor at Engelroth, was b. at Sprendlingen c. 1500. After studying at Wittenberg under Luther and Melanchthon, he became, in 1525, schoolmaster at St. Ursel, near Frankfurt-am-Main, and in 1527 at Heldenbergen, in Hesse Darmstadt. In 1528 he was appointed by the Landgrave Philip of Hesse pastor at Sprendlingen and Gotzen-hain, where he devoted himself specially to the children of his charge. After 11 years' service he was appointed by the Elector Joachim of Brandenburg court preacher at Berlin, but proving too faithful for the court, was, in 1541, removed as chief pastor to Neu Brandenburg. In 1542 he became pastor at Stade, in Wetteravia, and while there received, in 1513, the degree of Doctor of Theology from the University of Wittenberg. He was then invited, in the beginning of 1545, by the Landgrave Philip IV. of Hanau Lichten-berg, to perfect the work of the Reformation in Babenhausen, but no sooner had he fairly entered upon it than, in the end of October, he received his dismissal. After a short stay at Sprendlingen and at Wittenberg, he became preacher at Magdeburg, where he strongly denounced the Interim (see Agricola). On the capitulation of Magdeburg, in 1551, after a 14 months' siege, he fled to Hamburg, and then went to Liibeck. Finally, in 1552, he was appointed by Duke Albrecht I. of Mecklenburg, General Superintendent of Mecklenburg, and preacher at St. Mary's Church in Neu Brandenburg. In addition to losing all his own and his wife's property by confiscation and necessary expenditure, he was there unable to obtain from the Town Council the payment of his stipend. On May 4, 1553, he applied for the payment of 60 florins to relieve his urgent necessities. The refusal broke his heart. He returned home to die, and fell asleep at 9 a.m. on May 5, 1553. One of the best writers for children in his day, and an ardent controversialist and martyr of freedom of speech, he has been by some ranked, as a hymn-writer, next to Luther, in the Reformation period. His hymns, 20 in all, were first collected by Dr. Stromberger, and pub. at Halle, 1857. Being mostly long, and ungainly in style, not many of them have kept a place in the hymn-books, though they have been justly styled "powerful and living witnesses of a s^adfast faith and a manly trust in God's Word" (Koch, i. 301-306; Allg. Deutsche Biog. i. 219-20; Dr. Stromberger's Preface; Bode, pp. 35-36—the last stating that his father was a schoolmaster at Sprendlingen.) Two have been tr. into English. One of these, beginning " Christe, du bist der hello Tag," is a tr., and is noted under, " Christe qui lux es et dies." The only original hymn by Alber tr. into English is—• ALBERTI, HEINRICH 1. Nun freut euch Oottes Kinder all. [Ascension.'] 1st pub. on a broadsheet, N.P. N.D., <;. 1549, and thence in Wackernagel, iii. p. 881, in 29 st. of 4 1. In a broadsheet at Niirnberg, c. 1555, it is entitled, " Of the Fruits of the Ascension of our Lord Christ and ef the Gifts of the Holy Spirit," and begins—" Freut euch ihr Gottes Kinder all." This form is included in Dr. Stromberger's ed. of Alber's Geistliche Lieder, 1857, p. 5. In the hymn-books it is generally abridged, and so the Berlin G. L. 8. ed. 1863, 339, gives 16 st. (i.-vi., ix.-xi., xiii., xviii., xxv.-xxix., of the first form). A tr.:— 0 Children of your God rejoice, of st. i., ii., iv., xxvii.-xxix., by A. T. Russell, is given as No. 122, in his Ps. & Hys. 1851. See also Diterich, J. S. (Auf, Jesu Jiinger). [J. M.] Alberti, or Albert, Heinrich, s. of Johann Alberti, tax collector at Lobenstein, in Voigtland (Reuss), b. at Lobenstein, June 28, 1604. After some time spent in the study of law at Leipzig, lie went to Dresden and studied music under his uncle Heinrich Schtitz, the Court Capellmeister. He went to Konigsberg in 1626, and was, in 1631, appointed organist of the Cathedral. In 1636 he was enrolled a member of the Poetical Union of Konigsberg, along with Dach, Roberthin, and nine others. He d. at Konigsberg, Oct. 6, 1651. His hymns, which exhibit him as of a pious, loving, true, and artistic nature, appeared, with those of the other members of the Union, in his Arien etliche theils geistliche, theils icelt-liche zur Andacht, guten Sitten, Keuscher Liebe und Ehrenlust dienende Lieder, pub. separately in 8 pts., 1638-1650, and in a collected form, Konigsberg, 1652, including in all, 118 secular, and 74 sacred pieces. Of the 78 sacred melodies which he composed and pub. in these 8 pts., 7 came into German 0. U. (Koch, iii. 191-197; Allg. Deutsche Biog., i. 210-212, the latter dating his death, 1655 or 1656). Two of his hymns have been tr. into English, viz. :— i. Der rauhe Herbst kommt wieder. [Autumn.'] 1st pub. as above in pt. viii., 1650, No. 9, in 9 st. of 6 1., entitled "On the happy departure, Sep. 2, 1048, of Anna Katherine, beloved little daughter of Herr Andreas Hollander," of Kneiphof. Included, as No. 731, in the Unv. L. 8., 1851, omitting st. iii., viii., ix. The trs. are :— (1) " The Autumn is returning," by Miss Manington, 186:}, p. It5. (2) "Sad Autumn's moan returneth," in E. Massie's Sacred Odes, vol. ii. 1867, p. 1. ii. Gott des Himmels und der Erden. [Morning."] First pub. as above in pt. v. 1643, No. 4, in 7 st. of 6 1., included as No. 459 in the Unv. L. S., 1851. Of this hymn Dr. Cosack, of Konigsberg (quoted in A~ocA,viii. 186), says:— "For two hundred years it is hardly likely that a single day has greeted the earth that has not, here and there, in German lands, been met with Alberti's hymn. Hardly another morning hymn can be compared with it, as far as popularity and intrinsic value are concerned, if simplicity and devotion, purity of doctrine and adaptation to all the circumstances of life are to decide." Sts. ii., iii., v. have been special favourites in Germany, st. v. being adopted by children, by brides, by old and young, as a morning prayer. ALBERTINI, J. B. 35 The fine melody (in the Irish Ch. Hymnal called " Godesberg ") is also by Alberti. Translations in C. U. :— 1. God, the Lord of what's created, in full in J. C. Jacobi's Div. Hys. 1720. p. 35. In his 2nd ed. 1732, p. 169, altered to—" God, the Lord of the Creation " ; and thence slightly altered as No. 478 in part i. of the Moravian H. Bk., 1754, with a dox. as in the Magdeburg G. IJ., 1696. In 1789, No. 743, altered to—" God, omnipotent Creator"; with st. ii., iv., vii., omitted; st. iii., viii. being also omitted in the 1801 and later ed. In 1868, st. iii.—v. were included as No. 511 in the Pennsylvania Luth. Ch. Bk., with st. ii., vi., vii. from A. T. Russell. 2. God, Thou Lord of Earth and Heaven, in full, by H. J. Buckoll in his II. from the German, 1842, p. 22. His trs. of st. iv.-vi*. beginning—" Now the morn new light is pouring," were included as No. 3 in the Rugby School II. Bk., 1843 (ed. 1876, No. 4), and of st. v., vi., altered to " Jesus! Lord! our steps be guiding," as No. 130 in Dr. Pagenstecher's Coll., 1864. 3. God, who heaven and earth upholdest. A good tr. omitting st. iv. and based on Jacobi, by A. T. Russell, as No. 64 in the Dalston Hospital Coll., 1848. In his own Ps. # Hys., 1851, No. 3, the trs. of st. vi., vii. were omitted, and this was repeated as No. 218, in the New Zealand Hymnal, 1872. The Pennsylvania Luth. Ch. Bk. takes st. i. partly from Miss Winkworth. 4. God who xnadest earth and heaven, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. A good and full tr. by Miss Winkworth in her Lyra Ger., 1st ser., 1855, p. 213 (later ed., p. 215, slightly altered). In full in R. M. Taylor's Par. Ch. Hyml, 1872, No. 27. A cento from st. i., 11.1-4; v., 11. 1-4; vi., 11. 1-4; with v., 11. 5, 6; and vii., 11. 5, 6, was included as No. 23 in the Irish Ch. Hyml, 1873. In 1868, included in L. Rehfuess's Church at Sea, p. 79, altered to—"Creator of earth and heaven." In 1863 it was altered in metre and given as No. 160 in the C. B. for England. From this Porter's Church Hyml, 1876, No. 54, omits st. iii. Also in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal, 1880, No. 293. 5. God who madest earth and heaven. A good tr. omitting st. vii., and with st. i., 11. 1-4, from Miss Winkworth, contributed by R. Massie, as ]$fl. 501, to the 1857 ed. of Mercer's C. P. $ II. Bk.(Ox. ed. 1864, No. 7, omitting st. v.). 6. God of mercy and of might. A good tr. (omitting st. \\, vi,) by Dr. Kennedy, as No. 811, in his Hymnol. Christ., 1863, repeated in Dr. Thomas's Aug. II. Bk. 1866, No. 510; and, omitting the ir. of st. vii., as No. 31, in Holy Song, 1809. [J. M.] Albertini, Johann Baptist, s. of Jakob Ulrich v. Albertini, a native of the Grisons, Switzerland, who had joined the Moravians, and settled among them at Neuwied, near Coblenz, b. at Neuwied Feb. 17, 1769. After passing through the Moravian school at Niesky, and their Theological Seminary at Barby, in both of.which he had Friedrich Schlcier-macher as a fellow-student, he was, in 1788, appointed one of the masters in the Moravian school at Niesky, and in 1789 at Barby. In 1796, he was appointed tutor at the Theological Seminary at Niesky, and ordained as 36 ALBERUS, ERASMUS diaconus of the Moravian Church. Up to this time he had devoted himself chiefly to the study of the Oriental languages, and of botany, but now his studies of Holy Scripture for his theological lectures and for the pulpit, brought him to the feet of Christ, whose earnest and devoted disciple and witness he henceforth became. In 1804 he relinquished his tutorial work to devote himself entirely to ministerial labour in Niesky, where he was, in 1810, ordained presbyter. In Feb. 1814 he went to Gnaden-berg, near Bunzlau, Silesia, as head of the Girls' School, and preacher; and while on a visit to Herrnhut, was, Aug. 24, 1814, constituted a bishop of the Moravian Church. By the synod of 1818, he was appointed to Gnaden-frei, near Reichenbach, Silesia, and after three years of faithful and successful labour, was chosen one of the heads of the Moravian Church (one of the UnitatS'Aeltesten-Con-fcrenz), his special department being the oversight of their charitable and educational establishments ; and in 1824 President of the Conference. In love and meekness he ruled and visited the churches till, in Nov. 1831, an illness seized him, which terminated fatally at Berthelsdorf, near Herrnhut, Dec. 6, 1831. (Koch, vii. 330-334; Allg. Deutsche Biog., i. 216-217.) Distinguished as a preacher beyond the bounds of his church, he was, in the estimation of Koch, apart from Novalis, the most important hymn-writer of his time— spiritual, simple, and childlike. Yet it must be said that his brother Moravian, G. B. Garve, and E. M. Arndt, are more fully represented in hymnals since 1820. Albertini's hymns appeared to the number of 400, (many, however, being single verses,) in his Geistliche Lieder fur Mitglieder und Freunde derBriider-yemeine, Bunzlau, 1821 (2nd ed. 1827). None of them have passed into English C. U., and the only three we have to note are :— i. Brenne hell, du Lampe meiner Seele. [Se-cond Advent."] On the Lamp of the Wise Virgin. 1st pub. 1821, as above, p. 139, in 3 st. of 8 1. The only tr. is, "Lamp within me! brightly burn and glow," by Miss Winkworth, 1869, p. 311. ii. Freund, komm in der Frrihe. [Morning."] 1st pub. 1821, as above, p. 273, in 5 st. of 10 1. Tr. as, " Come at the morning hour," by Miss JBorthwick in H. L. L. 1862 (cd. 1862, p. 256; 1884, p. 190). iii. Langst suchtest du, xnein Oeist! cin nahet Wesen. [Christmas."] 1st pub. 1821, as above, p. 9, in 5 st. of 6 1. Tr. as, " Long in the spirit world my soul had sought," by Miss Wink' tcorth, 1855, p. 191 (later eds. p. 193), assigned to St. Thomas's Day. [J. M.] Alberus, Erasmus. [Alber.] Albinus, Johann Georg, eldest s. of Zacharias Albinus, pastor at Unter-Nessa, near Weissenfels, Saxony, 1621-1633, and at Stuhlburgwerben, 1633-1635, was b. at Unter-Nessa, March 6, 1624. After his father's death, in 1635, he was, in 1638, adopted by his cousin, Lucas Pollio, diaconus at St Nicholas's Church in Leipzig. After his cousin's death, in 1643, the Court preacher, Sebastian Mitternacht, of Naumburg, took an interest in him, and he remained at Naumburg ALBINUS, J. G. till he entered the University of Leipzig, in 1645. He studied for eight years at Leipzig, during which time ho acted as house tutor to the Burgomaster, Dr. Friedrich KUhlwein, and was then, in 1653, appointed Eector of the Cathedral School at Naumburg. This post he resigned when, in 1657, he became pastor of St. Othmar's Church, in Naumburg. There he proved himself a zealous pastor, seeking ever "the glory of God, the edification of the Church, and the everlasting salvation, well-being, and happiness of his hearers." During his ministry he suffered greatly, not only from bodily infirmities, but from ecclesiastical encroachments and bickerings. The end came when, on Rogation Sunday, May 25,1679, he quietly fell asleep in Jesus, at 2.30 p.m. On his tombstone his eldest son placed the inscription, " Cum yiveret, moriebatur, et nunc cum mortuus vivit, quia sciebat, quod vita via sit mortis et inors vitae introitus." During his student days he was known as a poet, became, in 1654, a member of the Fruitbearing Society, and was also a member of Philipp v. Zesen's Patriotic Union. As a poet he was, says Koch, " distinguished by ease of style, force of expression, and liveliness of fancy, and his manner of thought was scriptural and pervaded by a deep religious spirit" (Koch, iii. 392-98; Allg. Deutsche Biog. i. 222-223). Of the many hymns he composed, and pub. in his various poetical works, only threo have been tr. into English, viz.:— i. Alle Menschen miiasen sterben. [For the Dying.] This hymn, which Koch, iii. 397, calls "his best known hymn, and a pearl in the Evangelical Treasury of Song," was written for the funeral of Paul von Henssberg, a Leipzig merchant, and was thus sung, from broadsheets, June 1, 1652. It was given in Niedling's Was-serquelle, Altenburg, 1663, and gradually came into universal use, passing through Freyling-hausen's G. B., 170 4-, into most subsequent collections, as in the Unv. L. 8., 1851, No. 804, in 8 st. of 8 1. It was a great favourite of P. J. Spener, who sang it regularly on Sunday afternoons ; of J. F. Hochstetter, Prelate of Murr-hardt, and many others (Koch, viii. 628-631). In the Blatter fur Hymnologie, 1884, pp. 55-58, the text is quoted in full from the original broadsheet [Ducal Library, Gotha], the title of which ends " Mit seiner Poesie und Musick erweisen wollen Johannes Rosenmtlller." Rosenmtlller is not, however, known as a hymn-writer, and this statement is hardly sufficient to overthrow the traditional ascription to Albinus. The trs. in C. U. are :— 1. Death o'er all hit sway maintaineth. A good tr. of st. i., iii.-v., by A. T. Mussell, as No. 260 in his Ps. $ Hys., 1851. Included, considerably altered and beginning, " Death in all this world prevaileth," as No. 745 in Kennedy, 1863. 2. Hark.' a voice saith, all are mortal. A good tr., omitting st. v., viii., as No. 196 "by Miss Wink-worth in her G. B. for England, 1863, and with a tr. of st. v. added as No. 429 in the Ohio Luth. Hymnal, 1880. Other trs. are :— (1) "All must die! there's no redemption," by Dr. II Mills, 1856, p. 234, 1st pub. (reading « no exception ") in the Emng. Jieview, Gettysburg, Oct. 1851. (2) " All that's human Btill must perish," by Dr. John Ker, in the U. P. Juv. Miss. Mag. July, 1859. (3) " Tis God's decree that all shall die," by Dr. G. Walker, 1860, p. 107. ALBINUS, J. G. ii. Straf mich nicht in deinem Zorn. [Ps. vi.] Of the origin of this hymn, /. C. Wetzel, i. 46, and ii. 404, relates what seems rather an apocryphal story to this effect:— Johann Rosenmttller, while music director at Leipzig, had been guilty of improper practices with some of his scholars. He was thrown into prison, but having made his escape, went to Hamburg. Thence he sent a petition for restoration to the Elector Johann Georg at Dresden, and to support his petition enclosed this hymn, which Albinus had written for him, along with the beautiful melody by himself (in the Irish Ch. Hyml., 18*6; called Nassau, in the Darmstadt G. B. 1698, p. 49). This, if correct, would date it about 1655, and Koch, iii. 398, says it was printed separately in that year; The earliest hymn-book in which it is found is Luppius's Andachtig Singender Christen Mund, Wesel., 1692, p. 20. It is a beautiful hymn of Penitence (by Miss Winkworth assigned to Ash-Wednesday). Included as No. 273 in Freylinghausen's G. B., 1704, and recently as No. 535 in Jhe Berlin G. L. S., ed. 1863, in 7 st. of 8 1. The trs. in C. U. are :— 1. 0 do not against me, Lord. A good tr. of st. i., iii., vi., vii., by A. T. Russell, as No. 79 in his Ps. $ Hys., 1851. 2. Not in anger, mighty God. A good tr. omitting st. ii., iv., as No. 41 in Miss Winkworth's C. B. for England, 1863, and thence as No. 205 in the Temple H. Bk. 1867, as No. 323 in the Free Church H. Bk. 1882, and omitting the tr. of st. vi., as No. 78 in the Upp. & Sherb. School H. Bk. 1874. In America as No. 398 in the Evang. Hymnal, New York, 1880, in full. 3. Not in anger, Lord, Thou wilt. A tr. of st. i., iii., vi., vii., signed « X. X." as No. 59 in Dr. Pagenstecher's Coll 1864. 4. Cast me not in wrath away. A tr. of st. 1.—iil., vii., by E. Cronenwett, as No. 235 in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal, 1880. Other trs. are :—- (1) " Lord! withdraw the dreadful storm," by J. C. Jacobi, 1720, p. 41; 1722, p. 63; in his second ed., 1732, p. 98, greatly altered, and beginning, " O my God, avert the storm." (2) " Not in anger smite us, Lord," by Miss Winkworth, 1855, p. 55. (3) "In Thine anger smite me not," by N. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 159. iii. Welt, Ade! ion bin dein miide. [For the Dying,,] 1st printed on a broadsheet for the funeral of Johanne Magdalene, daughter of the Archidiaconus Abraham Teller, of St. Nicholas*s Church, Leipzig, who died Feb. 27, 1649, and included in Albinus's Geistlicher geharnischter Kriegesheld, Leipzig, 1675. Also given in the Bayreuth G. B. of 1660, p. 542, and recently as No. 842 in the Unv. L. S. 1851, in 9 st. of 8 1. The tr. in G. U. is:— World, farewell.' Of thee I'm tired. A full and good tr. in the 2nd Ser., 1858, of Miss Wink-worth's Lyra Ger., p. 207. In her C. B. for England, 1863, No. 198, st. iii., iv., vi. were omitted. Her trs. of 11. 1-4, of st. viii., v., vi., iv., beginning. " Time, thou speedest on but slowly," were included as No. 1305 in Robinson's Songs for the Sancty., 1865, as No. 1392, in the H. $ Songs of Praise, New York, 1874, and Ch. Praise Bk., 1882, No. 652. Another tr. is :— " World, farewell, my soul is weary," by Miss Dunn, 1857, p. 113. [J. M.] ALBRECHT 37 Albrecht, s. of Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Culmbach in Lower Franconia, b. at Ansbach, Mar. 28, 1522. After his father's death he was well and piously educated by his uncle and guardian, Georg of Brandenburg. Distinguished as a boy for daring, on attaining his majority he adopted the profession of arms, gaining for himself tho title of the " German Alcibiades." He accompanied the Emperor Charles V. to his French war in 1544, and again, against the Schmalkald Evangelical Union, in 1546. But in 1552 he took his proper stand as an Evangelical prince against the Emperor, and set earnestly to work to break down the Imperial power. While ravaging Liineburg he was met in battle, July 9, 1553, at Sievers-hausen, by hU old friend Moritz, Elector of Saxony, and in the bloody conflict his forces were shattered, and Moritz mortally wounded. On Sept. 12 he was again defeated at Brunswick, and after being besieged at Schweinfurt, received his final overthrow at Eulenberg, June 13,1554, escaping to France with only sixteen followers. In his troubles he acknowledged the hand of God on him, and repented of his former errors. By the intercession of his uncles he was permitted to appear at Regensburg to plead for the restoration of his lands. On his return he was seized with a fatal illness while visiting his brother-in-law, the Margrave Charles II. of Baden, at Pforzheim, and died there, repontant and firm in the faith, Jan. 8, 1557 (Koch, i. 339-343: Allg. Deutsche Biog., i. 252-257, &c). The only hymn ascribed to him is— Was mein Gott will, das g'seheh allzeit. [Trust in God."] Wackernagel, iii. p. 1070-71, gives two forms of this hymn, the first from Fiinff Schb'ne Geistliche Lieder, Dresden, 1556, the second from a broadsheet at Niirnberg, c. 1554. Both contain 4 st. of 10 1., but as st. iv. in 1556 is a doxology, the hymn may originally have had five st. or only three. Bode, pp. 324-5, quotes a broadsheet, Niirnberg, N.D., probably earlier than the above, where it has only 3 st. In the Copenhagen G. B., 1571, it is entitled, "Des alten Churfiirsten Markgraff Albrecht's Lied," which leads Wackernagel to remark, " Who wrote it for him, or who could have dedicated it to him, there is no proof." Chi the other hand, Koch, i. 341-343, Lauxmann in Koch, viii. 361-364, and Fischer, ii. 335-336, are inclined to ascribe it to him as author. Whoever was the author, the hymn is a very good one, and has always been a favourite hymn of consolation in sorrow, and at the hour of death, among the pious in Germany. The second form, which is that tr. into English, is included, as No. 641, in the Unv. L. S.t 1851. The trs. are :— (1) " God is my comfort and my tow'r," a tr. of st. ii. " Gott ist mein Trost, mein Zuversicht," as No. 329 in pt. i. of the Moravian H. Bk. 1754. (2) "Tha will of God is always best," by B. Latrobe, as No. 467 in the Moravian H. Bk. 1789, and repeated in later eds. (3) "God \sorks His will, and best it is," by Dr. G. Walker, I860, p. 45. (4) " Whate'er God will, let that be done," by ;V. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 141, included in the Scha'fi^Jilman Library of Kel. Poetry, ed. 1883, p. 523. (5) « What my God wills, be done alway," in the Family Treasury, 1877, p. Ill, without name of translator . [J. M.] 38 ALDERSON, E. S. Alderson, Eliza Sibbald, nee Dykes, granddaughter of the Rev. Thomas Dykes, of Hull, and sister of the Rev. Dr. Dykes, b. in 1818, and married, in 1850, to the Rev. W. T. Alderson, some time chaplain to the West Riding Ho. of Correction, Wakefield. Mra Alderson is the author of the following hymns, the first of which is likely to attain a commanding position :— 1. And now, beloved Lord, Thy soul resigning. [Passiontide.'] A hymn of more than usual merit, in 6 st. of 4 1., written in 1868 at the request of Dr. Dykes. In 1875, st. i., ii., v. and vi., were given in the revised ed. of //. A. $• M., No. 121, with a special tune Commendatio by Dr. Dykes. The full original text is restored in Thring's Coll., 1882, No. 170. 2. Lord of glory, "Who hast bought us. [Almsgiving,.] Written in 1864-, in 5 st. of 8 J., and pub. in the App. to //. A. 4 M., 1868, No. 372, and repeated in the revised ed. 1875, No. 367, Mrs. Alderson says, " It was the very strong feeling that a tithe of our income was a solemn debt to God and His poor, which inspired it." Dr. DykesYtune " Charitas " was composed for tliis hymn. Aldridge, William, b. at Warminster, Wilts, 1737, for some years a minister in Lady Huntingdon's Connexion, and then of Jewry St. Chapel, London, d. Feb. 28th, 1797. A copy of his Hymns, 1776, is in the Cheshunt Coll. Library, and a second in the Brit. Mus. These Hymns reached the 5th ed. in 1789. Ales diei nuntius. A. C. Prudeniius. [Tuesday Morning.'] This hymn is No. 1 in the Cathemerinon of Prudentius, and is in 25 st. of 4 1. The cento in use is composed of st. i., ii, xxi., xxv. of the poem, and will bo found in Daniel, i., No. 103 ; additional notes, ii. p. 382 ; iv. p. 39. In the lioman Brev. it is the hymn for Tuesday at Lauds. Also in the Hymn. Sarisb., Lond. 1851, pp. 47, 48; which contains, besides the Sarum text, variations from the York Use; and among different readings from Monastic Uses, those of St. Alhan's, Evesham, Worcester, St. Andrew de Bromlwlm (Norfolk). It is also in the Aberdeen Breviary and others. The text of this cento is also found in three mss. of the 11th cent, in the British Museum (Harl. 2961, f. 222; Vesp. D. xii. f. 15 b; Jul. A. vi. f. 25 b); in the Latin Hys. of the Anglo-Saxon Church, 1851, p. 18, it is printed from a Durham MS. of the 11th cent.; in Macgill's Songs of the Christian Creed and Life, 1876 and 1879 ; and others. For the full text see Prudentii Opera, De venter, c. 1490, London, 1824; Wackernagel, i., No. 27, and Macgill, as above, Nos. 84-86. [W. A. S.] Translations in C. U. :— 1. Hark.' the bird of day sings dear. By W. J. Blew. 1st pub. on a broadsheet, with music, c. 1850, and then in The Ch. Hy. $ Tune Bk. 1852, in 4 st. of 6 1. It was repeated in Rice's Hymns, 1870, No. 107. This tr. is from the Sarum Brev.' text. 2. The winged herald of the day. By J. M. Neale. 1st pub. in the enlarged ed. (1st ed. 1852) of the Hymnal iVr., 1854, No. 19, and continued ALEXANDER, J. W. in later editions. This tr. also from the Sarum text. 3. Day's herald bird, with descant clear. By J. D. Chambers, in his Lauda Syont 1857, from the Sarum text, in 5 st. of 4 1. In 1867 it was rewritten as, " The herald bird of day pro* claims," in the People's H, No. 424. 4. The bird, the harbinger of light. A cento in the Hymnary, 1872, No. 23. It is compiled from all the above, together with Bp. Mant and Cas-wall. Translations not in C. XT. :— 1. The bird, the harbinger of light. Mant, 1837. 2. Now, while the herald bird of day. Caswall, 1849. 3. The cock's shrill horn proclaims the morn. Cope-land, 1848. 4. The bird that hails the early morn. Macgill, 1876. 5. The bird that heralds in the light. Macgill, 1876. The first of those by Dr. Macgill is a full tr. of Pru- dentius's text, and the second of the Brev. arrangement. Those by Bp. Mant and Caswall are trs. from the Roman Brev. The whole hymn is also translated in J. Banks's Nugae, 1854, pp. 157-161, as " The herald bird, the bird of morn." 6. The bird of day, messenger. In the 1545 Primer, and, as a reprint, in E. Burton's Three Primers of Henry VIII., 1834. [J. J.] Alexander, Cecil Frances, ne'e Humphreys, second daughter of the late Major John Humphreys, Miltown House, co. Tyrone, Ireland, b. 1823, and m. in 1850 to the Rt. Rev. W. Alexander, d.d., Bishop of Derry and Raphoe. Mrs. Alexander's hymns and poems number nearly 400. They are mostly for children, and were published in her Verses for Holy Seasons, with Preface by Dr. Hook, 1846; Poems on Subjects in the Old Testament, pt. i. 1854, pt. ii. 1857; Narrative Hymns for Village Schools, 1853; Hymns for Little Children, 1848; Hymns Descriptive and Devotional, 1858; The Legend of the Golden Prayers. 1859; Moral Songs^.B.; The Lord of the Forest and his Vassals,an Allegory, &c.; or contributed to the Lyra Anglicana, the S.P.O.K. Ps. and Hymns, Hymns A. & M., and other collections. Some of the narrative hymns are rather heavy, and not a few of the descriptive are dull, but a large number remain which have won their way to the hearts of the young, and found a home there. Such hymns as " In Nazareth in olden time," "All things bright and beautiful," " Once in Royal David's city," " There is a green hill far away," " Jesus calls us o'er the tumult," "The roseate hues of early dawn," and others that might be named, are deservedly popular and are in most extensive use. Mrs. Alexander has also written hymns of a more elaborate character; but it is as a writer for children that she has excelled. [J. D.] Alexander, James Waddell, d.d., s. of Archibald Alexander, d.d., b. at Hopewell, Louisa, county of Virginia, 13 Mar., 1804, graduated at Princeton, 1820, and was successively Professor of Rhetoric at Princeton, 1833; Pastor of Duano Street Presbyterian Church, New York, 1844; Professor of Church History, Princeton, 1849; and Pastor of 5th Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York, 1851 j d. at Sweetsprings, Virginia, July 31, 1859. His works include Gift to the Afflicted, Thoughts on Family Worship', and others. His Letters were published by the Rev. Dr. Hall, in 2 vols., some time after his death, and his ALEXANDER, J. A. translations were collected and published at New York in 1861, under the title, The Breaking Crucible and other Translations. Of these translations the following are in use :—" O Sacred Head, now wounded/' a tr. of " Salve Caput," through the German; " Near the cross was Mary weeping," air. of "Stabat Mater"; and "Jesus, how sweet Thy memory is," a tr. of " Jesu dulcis memoria." The annotations of these trs. are given under their respective Latin first lines. [F. M. B.] Alexander, Joseph Addison, d.d., brother of Dr. J. W. Alexander, and a minister of the Presbyterian Church, b. in Philadelphia, April 24, 1809, graduated at Princeton, 1826, became Adjunct Professor of Latin, 1833, and Associate Professor of Biblical Literature, 1838, d. at Princeton, Jan. 28, 1860. Dr. Alexander was a great Hebraist, and published Commentaries on Isaiah, the Psalms, &c. His poem, The Doomed Man, was written for, and first published in, the Sunday School Journal, Phila., April 5, 1837. It has striking merit, but moves in one of those doctrinal circles which hymns generally avoid. Parts of it are found as hymns in a few Calvin istic collections, as, "There i3 a time, we know not when," in the New York Ch. Praise Booh, 1881, No. 288. This is sometimes given witli the second stanza, " There is a line, by us unseen," as in Nason's Coll., and Robinson's Songs for the Sanctuary, 1865. Unknown to English collections. [F. M. B.] Alexander, Sir William, b. at Menstrie, the family estnte, near Stirling, in 1580. In 1614 ho was knighted by James I., and in 1633, created Earl of Stirling by Charles L, d. in London, Yeh. 12, 1640, and was buried in the East Church, Stirling, April 12,1640. He had the principal share in that version of the Psalms which, published as the work of King James, was sought to be forced upon the Scottish Church, 1634-37 [Scottish Hymnody, sect. ii. 3]. Bishop Williams, of Lincoln, in his funeral sermon for King James, says that James's " worke was staied in the one and thirty Psalme." A complete edition of Alexander's works, other than the Psalms, was published in 3 vols., 1870-72, as The Poetical Works of Sir William Alexander, Earl of Stirling (Glasgow, M. Ogle & Co.). This is the usual account. Dr. Charles Rogers, however, in his Memorials of the Earls of Stirling and the House of Alexander (Edin., VV. Paterson, 2 vols., 1877), conjecturally dates his birth 1567, says he was the only son of Alexander Alexander, describes him as Knight in 1009, and says his licence was for 21 (not 31) years. [J. M.] Alexander, William, d.d., Bishop of Derry, son of the Rev. Robert Alexander, Preb. of Aghadowey, Ireland, b. in Londonderry, April, 1824, and educated at Tunbridge School, and Exeter and Brasenose Colleges, Oxford. Entering holy orders, Bp. Alexander has held successively the Rectory of Camus-juxta-Morne, co. Tyrone, and the Deanery of Emly, 1864, and since 1867 has held the united Bishoprics of Derry and Raphoc. Bp. Alexander's sacred poetry is found in the Dublin University Mag., The Spectator, Good Words, Lyra Brit.7 and Lyra Anglicana, to- ALFORD, HENRY 39 gether with his Oxford prize poems, The Death of Jacob, and The Waters of Babylon, and in his Specimens Poetical and Critical, privately printed, 1867. Little use, however, can be made of these compositions for hymno-logical purposes. Alexander, William Lindsay, d.d., ll.d., of Pinkieburn, Musselburgh, s. of William Alexander, Esq., Leith, b. in the vicinity of Leith, August 24, 1808. After studying at the Universities of Edinburgh and St. Andrew's, he became, in 1828, Classical Tutor in what is now The Lancashire College. After studying for some time at Halle, he, in 1835, became minister of North College St. Congregational Church, Edinburgh, removing with his congregation in 1861 to a new church in George IV. Bridge, called the Augustine Church, and retired from the pastoral charge of the same in 1877. He d. at Pinkieburn, Dec. 20, 1884. He was, from 1854 to 1881, Professor in the Scottish Congregational Hall. In 1846 ho received the degree of d.d. from the University of St. Andrew's, and in 1884 that of ll.d., from Edinburgh. He became a member of the O. T. Revision Company in 1870. He wrote and edited many valuable theological works. His Stl. of Hys. known as the Augustine H. Bk., in which his original hymns and translations appeared, was first pub. in 1849. [Scottish Hyxnnody, § vi.] [J.M.] Alford, Henry, d.d., son of the Rev. Henry Alford, Rector of Aston Sandford, b. at 25 Alfred Place, Bedford Row, London, Oct. 7, 1810, and educated at Trin. Coll., Cambridge, graduating in honours, in 1832. In 1833 he was ordained to the Curacy of Ampton. Subsequently he held the Vicarage of Wymeswold, 1835-1853,- the Incumbency of Quebec Chapel, London, 1853-1857; and the Deanery of Canterbury, 1857 to his death, which took. place at Canterbury, Jan. 12, 1871. In addition he held several important appointments, including that of a Fellow of Trinity, and the Hulsean Lectureship, 1841-2. His literary labours extended to every department of literature, but his noblest undertaking was his ed. of the Greek Testament, the result of 20 years' labour. His hymnological and poetical works, given below, were numerous, and included the compiling of collections, the composition of original hymns, and translations from other languages. As a hymn-writer he added little to his literary reputation. The rhythm of his hymns is musical, but the poetry is neither striking, nor the thought original. They are evangelical in their teaching, but somewhat cold and conventional. They vary greatly in merit, the most popular being " Come, ye thankful people, come," "In token that thou shalt not fear," and " Forward be our watchword." His collections, the Psalms and Hymns of 1844, and the Year of Praise, 1867, have not achieved a marked success. His poetical and hymnological works include— (1) Hymns in the Christian Observer and the Christian Guardian, 1830. (2) Poems and Poetical Fragments (no name), Cambridge, J. J. Deighton, 1833. 40 ALTQUA (3) The School of the Heart, and other Poems, Cambridge, Pitt rress, 1835. (4) Hymns for the Sundays and Festivals throughout the Year, &c.,Lond., Longman ft Co., 1836. (6) Psalms and Hymns, adapted for the Sundays and Holidays throughout the year, &c, Lond., Rivington, 1844. (6) Poetical Works, 2 vols., Lond., Rivington, 1845. (7) Select Poetical Works, Lond., Rivington, 1851. (8) An American ed. of his Poems, Boston, Ticknor, Reed & Field, 1853. (9) Passing away, and Life's Answer, poems in Macmillan's Magazine, 1863. (10) Evening Hexameters, in Good Words, 1864. (11) On Church Hymn Books, in the Contemporary Review, 1866. (12) Year of Praise, Lond., A. Strahan, 1867. (13) Poetical Works, 1868. (14) The Lord's Prayer, 1869. (15) Prose Hymns, 1844. (16) Abbot of Muchelnaye, 1841. (17) Hymns in British Magazine, 1832. (18) A tr. of Cant emus cuncti, q.v. [J. D.] Aliqua. The nom de plume of Mrs. Eliza O. Peirson, an American writer. Aliquis. A volume of Ilys. for Villagers, was pub. in 1821, under this nom de plume. Alix. The nom de plume of J. H. Evans (q.v.) in the Family Visitor, 1827, &c. All around us, fair with flowers. [Life's Work.] Given as Anon. in Longfellow and Johnson's Bk. of Hymns. 1846, No. 306, and their Hymns of the Spirit, Boston, U.S.A., 1864, No. 576, in 5 st. of 4 1. All creation groans and travails. J. M. Neale. [Cattle Plague.'] Written for the Fast Day for the Great Cattle Plague, 1866, and first published in the Guardian. Shortly afterwards it was issued by Novello, with suitable music. During the latter part of the same year it was included in Neale's original Sequences, Hys., &c, pub. under the supervision of Dr. Littledule, Dr. Neale having died a few months before. It is entitled " Cattle Plague Hymn," and consists of 10 st. of 4 1. In 1872 it was reprinted in the Hxjmnary. All from the sun's uprise. G. Sandys. [Ps. c] This spirited and somewhat quaint rendering of Ps. c. appeared in his Paraphrase upon the Psalms of David, 1636, and 1640, pp. 120-21: and again, as a part of his Paraphrase upon the Divine Poems, 1638 and 1640, in 3 st. of 8 1. It was also repeated in a beautiful edition of the Paraphrase of the Psalmes, 1648 [Brit. Mus.], and again in an edition by the Rev. Richard Hooper. As given in Martineau's earlier Hymns, &c, 1840, and in his later Hys. of Praise and Prayer, 1873, it is unaltered. All glorious God, what hymns of praise. P. Doddridge. [Praise!] In the " d. mss." this hymn is headed, " Of being prepared for the inheritance of the Saints in light. A song of praise for Col. i. 12," and is dated "Dec. 13, 1736," No. xxix. The same text was given in J. Oi ton's ed. of Doddridge's (posthumous) Hymns, &c, 1755, No. 298, in 5 st. of 4 1., and, with slight changes, in J. D. Hura-phreys's ed. of the same, 1839, No. 324. Although a hymn of praise of more lhan usual merit in many ways, it is rarely given in the English collections, and found in but a few of the American hymnals. All glory and praise to Jesus our Lord. C. Wesley. [Gift of the Holy Spirit] ALL HAIL, MYSTERIOUS Pub. from the Wesley mss. in the Library of the Theological Institution, Richmond, in the P. Works of J. & G. Wesley, 1868-72, vol. xiii. p. 248, in 4 st. of 4 1. It previously appeared in the Amer. Meth. Episc. H. Bk., 1849, No. 201. Beyond this it is but little known. All glory to God in the sky. C. Wesley. [Christmas.] This is No. xviii. of his Hymns for the Nativity of our Lord, 1744, in 5 st. of 8 1. In 1780 it was given in full in the Wes. H. Bk., No. 211, and has been repeated in all later editions. (P. Works, 1868-72, vol. iv. p. 125.) Its use amongst the Methodist bodies in all English-speaking countries is considerable; but outside of Methodism it is but little known. All glory to our gracious Lord. C. Wesley. [Ps. cxviii.] This paraphrase of Ps. cxviii. in 22 st. of 6 1., although pub. in the Psalms and Hymns of J. & C. Wesley, ] 743, did not appear, in any form, in the Wes. H. Bk. until the revised ed. of 1875, when two centos were given as one hymn (No. 616), in two parts, the first being st. 1, 3, 10, 11, 12 and 15; and the second, " Jesus is lifted up on high," st. 17-22. Full original text in the P. Works, 1868-72, vol. viii. pp. 204-208. All hail, dear Conqueror, all hail. F. W. Faber. [Easter.] Appeared in his Jesus and Mary, or Catholic Hymns, &c, 1849, No. xii. in 10 st. of 4 1. and entitled " Jesus Risen." It was repeated in later editions of the same work, and in his Hymns, 1862. It is usually given in modern collections in an abbreviated and sometimes altered form. Amongst the hymnals in which it is thus found are the Appx. to Hymnal N, No. 155; Hys. and Carols (Ch. Sisters' Home), No. 40; and the Scottish Presb. Ibrox Hyml, No. 3; whilst the Holy Family Hys. retain the full text. All hail, Incarnate God. Elizabeth Scott. [Glory of Christ's Kingdom.] Contributed, under the signature of "£", to As I» and Evans's Bapt. Coll. of Hys., 1769, No. 358, in 4 st. of 6 1., and headed «* The increasing Glory and Perpetuity of the Messiah's Kingdom." In 1787, on its republication in Rippon's Bapt. Sel, No. 430, to the st. ii. which reads :— "To Thee the hoary head Its silver honors pays; To Thee the blooming youth Devotes his brightest days; And every age their tribute bring And bow to Thee, all-conquering King "— this note was added :— " Composed on seeing an aged saint and a youth taken into church communion together." In modern collections it is almost entirely confined to those of the Baptists and Congre-gationalists. It was introduced into the American hymnals through Staughton's ed. of Bippon, 1813. Orig. text in Bapt. Ps. and Hys., 1858, No. 199. [W. T. B.] All hail, mysterious King. P. Doddridge. [Christ the King.] This hymn on Rev. xxii. 16 is not in the « d. mss." It was 1st pub. (posthumously) in his Hymns, &c, 1755 No. 359, in 4 st. of 4 1., and entitled ALL HAIL, REDEEMER " Christ the Root and Offspring of David, aiid the Morning Star." It is also repeated in later eds. of the same work, and in the corrected and enlarged ed. by J. D. .Humphreys, 1839. Its use in Great Britain is limited, and confined almost exclusively to the older collections; but in America it is given in several hymnals. All hail, Redeemer of mankind. C. Wesley. {Holy Communion.'] One of the most pronounced and definite of 0. Wesley's Sacramental Hymns. It appeared in the Hymns on the Lortfs Supper by J.& C. Wesley, 1745, No. cxxiv., in 4 st. of 6 1., and was re-published in the P. Works of J. & C. Wesley, 1868-72, vol. iii. pp. 308-9. Its use as a congregational hymn is of recent date. In Pott's Hys. fitted to the Order of Com. Pr. 1861,and Thring's Coll., 1882, st. ii. is omitted. This is also done in the Hymnary, 1872; but in this last, verbal alterations are introduced into the text of the hymn, and an additional stanza, " Acceptance in His Holy Name," has been appended thereto. The most striking stanza in the original hymn is the third, in which" the daily celebration of the Holy Communion is set forth :— " Yet may we celebrate below, And daily thus Thine offering show Exposed before Thy Father's eyes; In this tremendous mystery Present Thee bleeding on a tree, Our everlasting Sacrifice." As a congregational hymn it is unknown outside the collections of the Oh. of England. All hail the glorious morn. John Peacock. [Res. and As. of Christ.] 1st printed in Ids Songs of Praise composed from the Holy Scriptures, in Two Parts, Lond., Pasham, 1776. It is in 6 st. of 8 1., is No. 37, and is headed, "The Resurrection and Ascension of Christ." In 1806 it was included in DobelVs Coll. witli slight alterations, and thence passed into a few American hymnals. [W. T. B.] All hail! the power of Jesus' Name. E. Perronet. [On the Resurrection.'] In the Nov. number of the Gospel Magazine, 1779, the tune by Shrubsole, afterwards known as "Miles Lane," appeared with the following words:— " All hail! the pow'r of Jesu's Name; Let angels prostrate fail; Bring forth the Royal Diadem, To crown him Lord of all." In the following April, 1780, the complete hymn, with the title, "On the Resurrection, the Lord is King," was given in the same magazine, the additional verses being:— " Let highborn seraphs tune the ljre, And as they tune it, fall Before His face who tunes their choir, And crown Him Lord of all. Crown Him ye morning stars of light, Who fix'd this floating ball; Now hail the strength of Israel's might, And crown Him Lord of all. Crown Him, ye martyrs of your G xl, Who from His altar call; Extol the stem of Jesse's rod, And crown Him Lord of all. ALL HAIL ! THE POWER 41 Ye seed of Israel's chosen race, Ye ransom'd of the fall, Hail Him Who saves you by His grace, And crown Him Lord of all. Hail Him, ye heirs of David's line, Whom David Lord did call; The God incarnate, man Divine, And crown Him Lord of all. Sinners ! whose love can ne'er forget The wormwood and the gall, uo—spread your trophies at His feet, And crown Him Lord of all. Let every tribe and every tongue That bound creation's call, Now shout in universal song, The crowned Lord of all.*' In 1785 it was included by the author in his Occasional Verses, Moral and Sacred, p. 22, and entitled, " On the Resurrection." One of the earliest compilers to adapt the hymn was G. Burder, in the 2nd ed. of his Coll., 1784, No. 190. It is headed " The Coronation Hymn," and consists of 4 stanzas, being st. i., vii, v., and viii. of the original, with the following alterations:— Ct. i., 1. 4. " And crown." St. iii., 1. 1. " Ye souls redeemed of Adam's rate, Ye ransom'd from." St. iv. " lAt evfry tribe, andev'ry tongue, Throughout this earthly ball. Unite in one harmonious song, And crown him I/>rd of all.'* It may be worth notice that this hymn is immediately followed by another written in I imitation of it, and headed " The Prince of j Peace" (adapted to the same time). The 1st stanza is:— " Let saints on earth their anthems raise, Who taste the Saviour's grace; Let saints in heav'n proclaim his praise, And crown him ** Prince of Peace." This hymn is in 4 stanzas, and is signed " E." (i.e. Jonathan Evans). In the same year another and much altered form appeared in Dr. Rippon's Sel. of Hys., 1787, No. 177. As this adaptation is Ihe received text in G. Brit, and America, we give it (with the alterations and additions made by Dr. Rippon, in italics), together with the curious titles which weie added to the stanzas:— The Spiritual Coronation, Cunt. iii. 11. 1. "Angels. All-hail, the power of Jesus' name ! Let angels prostrate fall: Bring forth the royal diadem, And crown Him Lord of all. 2. Martyrs. [Crown Him, ye martyrs of our God, Who from His altar call; Extol the Stem of Jesse's rod, And crown Him Lord of all.] 3. Converted Jews. [Ye chosen seed of Israel's race, A remnant weak and small; Hail Him, who saves you by His grace, And crown Him Lord of all.] 4. Believing Gkntiles. Ye Gentile sinners, ne'er forgot The wormwood and the gall; Go—spread your trophies at His feet, And crown Him Lord of all. 5. Sinners of every Age. [Babes, men, and sires, who know His love Who feel your sin and thrall, Now joy with all the hosts above, And crown Him Lord of all.} 42 ALL HAIL! THE POWER 6. SlNNEKS OF EVERY NATION. Let every kindred, every tribe, On this terrestrial ball* To Him all majesty ascribe, And crown Him Lord of all. 7. Ourselves. Ok that, with yonder sacred throng, We at His feet may fall; We'll join the everlasting song, And crown Him Lord of all.'* By comparing this text with that of modern hymnals, it will be at once seen that this revised and rewritten form of the text is that upon which all modern forms of the hymn are based, and that the correct designation is " E. Perronet, 1779-80; /. Bippon, 1787." The first line has also been altered in some collections to (1) " All hail! the great ImmanueVs name " (sometimes " Emmanuel"). This was given in Wilks's edition of Whitefield's Coll., 1798, and has been continued to modem hymnals. We have also: (2) "All hail! the great Redeemer's name," in a very limited number of hymn-books. [J. J.] A claim to the authorship of this hymn has been made for the Rev. John Duncan, ll.d., who became in 1800 minister of the Scots church, Peter Street, Golden Square, London. The sole foundation, however, for this claim is the erroneous ascription of the hymn to Duncan in J. Dobcll's Sel, 1806. As DobelFs error took the form in later years of a persistent family tradition among Dr. Duncan's descendants, and as their claim on his behalf has received great attention, and is widely known, the following resume' of the facts is called for:— Edward Perronet, after the rupture with Lady Huntingdon, continued to preach to a small congregation of dissenters at Canterbury, where he d. in 1792. He  %wrote many small poetical pieces of which a few were printed, but always anonymously. In 1779, Shrubsole, who had been a chorister in Canterbury Cathedral, and was then about 20 years of age, wrote for Perronet's hymn, then still in us., the tune afterwards known as " Miles Lane." This tune, with the words of the first verse of the hymn annexed, was sent, doubtless by Shrubsole, to the Gospel Mag., where it was published in Nov. 1779. Enquiry would then be naturally made for the remainder of the hymn, which accordingly was given complete in the magazine in April following. In 1785, Occasional Verses appeared, being a collection of Perronet's miscellaneous pieces, edited by one of his friends. His name is, as usual, not given, but that the volume consists of his works is unquestionable. One of the pieces is addressed to the memory of his father, the Rev. Vincent Perronet, and others, apparently, to various members of his family who are indicated by their initials only. In the "Address to the Header" from " the Author," Perronet himself says—"The following miscellaneous productions were not originally intended for public view, as they are but the unpremeditated effusions of mere private amusement, and only occasionally shown by way of personal respect to i a handful of the friends of the Author; who having entrusted a copy of these, and many others, to a particular acquaintance, has been at length persuaded to admit of their being made public." Not only is the hymn "All hail the power" in Occasional Verses, but it is immediately followed by another hymn, commencing "Hail, holy, holy, holy Lord!" written,in the same metre, in the same manner, and clearly by the same hand. It may be added that the copy of Occasional Verses in the library of the Brit. Mus. has two tracts bound up with it. One of these, Select Passages of the Old & New Testament versified, 1756, is known to be by Perronet, and the Brit. Mus. copy contains his name in autograph with many Ms. corrections of the text. The other tract, entitled A Small Collection of Hymns, &c, Canterbury, 1782, may also be ascribed to him with certainty. Ten years previously he had published another tract with a somewhat similar title:— A Small Collection in Verse, Containing, &c, 1772. ALL HAIL, TRIUMPHANT In 1787, Rippon published a recast of the hymn as above. In 1801, Williams and Boden reprinted Hip-pan's text (omitting one stanza), and gave the names of Perronet, as author of the hymn, and of Shrubsole, as composer of the tune. Dr. Duncan settled in London about 1790, previous to which time he had preached in Hampshire and Dorsetshire, lastly in Wimborne, where he probably made the acquaintance of Dobell, who lived close by at Poole. When, many years afterwards, Dobell was compiling his Selection, Duncan appears to have been among those from whom he received advice or help, for Duncan's name is appended to one of the four "Recommendations " prefixed to the 1st ed. - It is more than probable therefore that it was from Duncan that Dobell obtained a copy of "All hail the power." The form in which the hymn is given by Dobell is neither Perronet's nor Rippon's, but a mixture of both, with two or three slight verbal alterations; and if, as is highly probable, Dobell obtained the hymn from Duncan, and still more, if, as is possible, the arrangement sent to Dobell was really made by Duncan for the use of his own congregation, the ascription of the hymn to the latter is readily accounted for. The error is repeated in the 3rd ed. of Dobell's Sel., London, n.d., showing either that Duncan omitted to notice it, or, as often happens, the correction was not attended to. Dobell also ascribes to Duncan another hymn, " Exalted high at God's right hand," which is first found in Rowland Hill's Coll. of Ps. tt- Hys., 1783, and is always ascribed to him. Dobell's error in both cases probably arose from the same cause. The mixed version of the hymn as given by Dobell is in 9 stanzas as follows :—Heading, Coronation, Cant. Hi. 11. St. i. as Rippon i.; st. ii. as Perronet ii.; St. iii. as Perronet iii.; st. iv. as Rippon ii.; st. v. 1. 1, as Rippon, 1. 1; 1. 2 as Perronet, v. 1. 2, but changing of into from; 11. 3, 4 as Perronet; st. vi. as Perronet vi.; st. vii. as Perronet vii.; st. viii. as Rippon vi.; st. ix. as Rippon vii. In Isaac Nicholson's Coll., 1807, the hymn is given with Rippon's text, omitting Rippon's st. v., but the editor, copying Dobell, has ascribed the authorship to Duncan. In 1808, when Thomas Young, Perronet's successor at Canterbury, compiled his Beauties of Dr. Watts, &c, he used Dobell's Sel., and, not knowing the author, repeated the ascription of "Exalted high" to Duncan, but correctly gives "All hail" to Perronet, from whose tract of 1756, and his Occasional Verses, he quotes some other pieces. In the 3rd ed. of the Beauties of Dr. Watts, &c, 1817, and in the 4th ed., 1826, Young, while retaining the Perronet ascription to "All hail," &c, omitted that o f Duncan to "Exalted high," &c, thereby implying that he had discovered his error with regard to Duncan. Shrubsole's tune appears to have become popular, especially among the dissenters, soon after its publication, and the name " Miles Lane " was in all probability given to it from its use by a congregation of Independents who met at a chapel in Miles Lane, London, till 1795, when they were succeeded by a body of Scotch Seceders. The name " Miles Lane " is found in Isaac Smith's Collection of Psalm Tunes, 4th ed. [G. A. C] The use of this hynm in various forms and many languages is very extensive. In the number of hymn-books in which it is found in one form or another, it ranks with the first ten in the English language. A rendering in Latin, " Salve, nomen potestatis," is given in Binghain's Hymnol. Christ. Latin. 1871. p. jo All hail, Thou great Redeemer, hail. Joseph Irons. [Perseverance of the Saints."] 1st pub. in his Zion's Songs, &c, 3rd ed., 1825, No. 157, thence into Snepp's S. of G. & £., 1872, No. 412, unaltered. All hail, Thou Resurrection. W. II Havergal. [Easter.'] Written in 1867, and first pub. in Snepp's S. of G. & G., 1872, No. 253, in 3 st. of 8. 1. It was also included in Life Echoes, 1883. (" hav. mss.') All hail, triumphant Lord. [Asccn-sion.2 Appeared in the Salisbury H. Bit., ALL HAIL, VIGTOKIOUS 1857, No. 100, in 3 st. of 6 1.; the New Cong., 1859, Barry's Ps. & Hys., 1868, the N. Zealand Hymnal, 1872, and others; but always without signature. It is evidently based upon C. Wesley's hymn for the Ascension, " God is gone up on high " (q.v.). Its authorship is unknown. All hail, victorious Lord. B. Woodd. [Ps. ex.] This version of Ps. ex. in 4 st. of 6 1. appeared in the author's Psalms of David and other Portions of the Sacred Scriptures, &c, undated, but pub. about 1810. This work was revised and republished as A New Metrical Version of the Psalms, &c, iti 1821. This paraphrase, as found in the Islington Ps. & Hys., and the New Cong., 1859, is composed of st. i. and iii. of the original. The full text is not found in any modern collection, and for collation must be consulted as above. All hail, ye blessed band. [Holy Baptism."] This cento appears in The Service of Song for Baptist Churches, Boston, U.S.A., 1871, No. 815. Its construction is peculiar, as the Maying directions for its use at the public administration of Holy Baptism to adults will indicate:— " Stanzas 3 to 8 inclusive of this hymn are designed to be sung during the intervals of a baptism; one verse as each candidate goes down into the water, or comes forth from it, according to choice. As it is generally found difficult for a congregation to sing unitedly and at the right time in the administration, it has been suggested that a choir sing these stanzas, the congregation uniting in the first two and the last two, as indicated." To meet these requirements the cento has been thus composed:— St. i., ii., " All hail, ye blessed band," to be sung by the congregation, are from Mrs. Lydia Sigourney's hymn, No. 515, in Winchell's Additional Hymns, U.S.A., 1832; st. iii., iv., "Saviour, Thy law we love," to be sung by the choir, are also by Mrs. Sigourney, and from the same source as st. i., ii. St. v., vi., ** Here we behold the grave," to be sung by the choir, are by the Rev. C. IL Spurgeon, from Our Own H. Bk.y 1866, No. 934. St. vii., « Oh, what if we are Christ'.-," is by Sir H. \V. Baker, from Murray's Hymnal., 1852, and, in common with st. viii.," Ashamed who now can be " (Anon.), has to be. sung by the choir. The concluding stanzas, ix., x., "Come, sinners, wash away," are Anon. They are to be sung by the congregation. Taken together, it is the most dramatic hymn for Divine worship with which we are acquainted. All hearts to Thee are open here. J. Montgomery. [Divine Worship.] Written for the special annual service of the Red Hill Sunday School, Sheffield, held May 12, 1837, and printed on a fly-leaf for the occasion. [m. mss.] It was included in Montgomery's Original Hymns, 1853, No. 116, in 6 st. of 4 1. In j. H. Thorn's Hymns, 1858, st. v. is omitted. All heaven was hush'd, Our risen Lord. G. Hawson. [Ps. ex.] Contributed to the Leeds H. Bk. 1853, No. 149, in 8 st. of 4 1., from thence it has passed into a few collections, but its use is not extensive. In the author's Hymns, Verses, & Cliants, 1876, pp. 23-24, it is given with slight variations. This is the authorized text of the hymn. All is bright and gay around us. J. M. Neale. [SS. Philip & James.] This Saints' day hyum is in the 3rd series of the authors Hymns for Children,. 1846, No. xviii. ALL PEOPLE THAT 43 in 4 st. of 8 1.; and again, without alteration, in later eds. of the same. In the S. P. C. K. Ch. Hys., 1871, and some other collections, it is given as—" All is bright and cheerful round us "; but the alterations are very slight. All is o'er;—the pain, the sorrow. J. Moultrie. [Easter Eve.] The original, entitled "Hymn for Easter Eve," is dated " April 2nd, 1836." It is in 20 st. of 6 1., and was pub. in his work, My Brother's Grave and other Poems, 1837 (3rd ed. 1852, p. 262). In the Ps. & Hys. adapted to Pub. Worship, Rugby, 1839, commonly known as BuclcolVs Coll., a cento, composed of st. i., ii., iii. and xx., unaltered, was given as No. 2. This was repeated in later editions of the same work, and has passed from thence into many collections, both in G. Brit, and in America. In the American hymnals it is usually altered, as in the Hymnal of the Prot. Episcop. Ch. 1872, No. 92; Hys. & S. of Praise, 1874; Hys. of the Ch. 1869, and others. In the last-named collection it is attributed to " J. E. L. " (i.e. Jane E. Lecson) in error. The closing lime of st. i. read in the original:— " Yet once more to seal His doom, Christ must sleep within the tomb." These lines have been omitted from Turing's Coll 1882, No. 186, in favour of :— " Yet awhile, His own to save Christ must linger in the grave"— by the Rev. J. Ellerton. All knowing God! 'tis Thine to know. T. Scott, [Charitable Judgment.] This hymn is No. 115 in Enfield's Warring-ton Sel, 1772, in 5 st. of 4 1., ami is headed "Charitable Judgment." It is found in a few modern collections, principally amongst the Unitarians, but usually as—" All seeing God, 'tis Thine to know,"—and abbreviated, as in Martineau's Hys., 1840, No. 496, and Courtauld's Ps, Hys., and Anths., 1860, No. 328. [W.T.B.] All mortal vanities be gone. I. Watts. [Vision of the Lamb.] This is No. 25 of Bk. i. in his Hymns and Spiritual Songs, 170'/, in 9 st. of 4 1., and based upon Rev. v. 6-9, " A vision of the Lamb." It is in use in G. Britain and America, although to a limited extent. All people that on earth do dwell. [Ps. c] The memories which have gathered round this rendering of the 100th Psalm, together with the uncertainty of its authorship, require us to trace its history, to note its true text, and to determine, if possible, its author, I. History.—It appeared for the first time in the Psalter, pub. in London by John Daye, in 1560-1, and in the Anglo-Genevan Psalter, printed at Geneva, in 1561. In the full English Psalter of 1562 it is not found, but in an Appendix to the edition of 1564 (Brit. Mus.) it is given, and again in the body of the work in 1565 (Brit. Mus.). It was also included in the Scottish Psalter of 1564. From 1564 it reappeared in all editions of the English and Scottish Psalters, and is also found in most hymn-books published during the past 150 years. 44 ALL PEOPLE THAT II. Text.—The original text from the only copy of Daye's Psalter, 1560-1, known, and in which it is printed in the old black-letter text of the period, is as follows:— " Psalme C. Al people y* on earth do dwel, sing to y° lord, with chereful voice Him serve w* fear, hi* praise forth tel, come ye before him and reioyce. The Lord ye know is God in dede, with out our aide, he did us make: We are his folck, he doth us fede, and for his Shepe, he doth us take. Oh enter then his gates with prayse approche with ioye, his courtes unto: Praise, laude, and blesse his name alwayes, for it is semely so to doe. For why ? the Lord our God is good, his mercy is for euer sure: His trueth at all tymes firmely stood and shall from age to age indure." [Orig. ed. 1560-1, London, J. Daye.] In what form this text reached Geneva, whether in ms. or in a copy of Daye's edition, cannot be determined. Within a few months, if not simultaneously, the same text, varying only in the spelling of some words (the folck of Daye's ed. being spelt folke, &c.),was given in the Anglo-Genevan ed. of 1561, and again in many later editions of the English Psalter. In the subsequent history of the text the following variations have crept in :— St. i., I. 3. " Him serve with fear" changed to "mirth." This is found in the Scottish Psalter of 1650, and is taken from the cm. version of Ps. c. given in the older English Psalters. St. ii., l.l. *' The Lord ye know is," changed to " Know that the Lord is," &c, is also in the Scottish Psalter of 1650, and is from the same cm. version as in st. i. St. ii., I 3. "Folck" changed to "flock:* This was possibly a printer's error to begin with, caused by transposing the o and I. It is found as early as the Psalter printed by " The Assignes of Richard Day, London, 1585," and has continued in the text from that date to Thring's Colly 1882. In that work Mr. Thring has reprinted the full text of 1560-1, and added thereto a doxology by Dr. Neale, based on Brady and Tate. This doxology is also found in JET. A. & 3f., and other collections. III. Authorship.—This is somewhat difficult to determine. The evidence is this:— 1. Daye's Psalter, 1560-1. No signature. •2. Anglo-Genevan Psalter, 1561. "Tho. Ster." *3. Britwell Psalter, 1561. " W. Re." *4. Scottish Psalter, 1564. " W. Re." 5. Daye's Appendix, 1564. No signature. 6. Daye's Psalter, 1565. No signature. 7. Daye's Psalter, 1566. No signature. 8. Crespin's Psalter (Geneva), 1561). No signature. 9. Daye's Psalter, 1579. No signature. 10. Daye's Psalter, 1587. "J. H." These are all the Psalters known which have any value in determining the question. This evidence is certainly in favour of W. Kethe, and this is the more conclusive when we remember that the Britwell Psalter, 1561, and the Scottish Psalter of 1564, are reprints of the Anglo-Genevan Psalter, with ALL PRAISE TO THE such corrections in spelling as an English work printed on the Continent would call for, and constitute together (*) a distinct family from the Daye Psalters. The metre is also in Kethe's favour, and decisive against both Sternhold and Hopkins. Its correct subscription is therefore " W. Kethe, 1560-1." The historical account of the Psalters here named is given in the English Psalters, the Scottish Hymnody, and the Old Version, iii., v., in this work. Although the history of tunes forms no part of our work, a few facts concerning " The Old Hundredth " may not be unacceptable. It first appeared in the enlarged edition of the French Genevan Psalter, published in 1551, as the tune to Ps. cxxxiv. The first half of the tune is a musical phrase which is found in various combinations both before and after that time; but the latter part of the tune, and the form of the whole of it, is the work of Louis Bourgeois, who, and not Guillaume Franc, is now known to be the editor of this edition of the French Genevan Psalter. Kethe's version of Ps. c. was doubtless written for this tune. [J. J.] All powerful, self-existent God. [God unchangeable.'] Pub. anonymously in B. Wil-liams's Coll. of II. for Pub. Worship on the Gent. Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion, Salisb., 1778, No. 3, in 6 st. of 4 1. and headed " The Immortality of God." It is based on Ps. cii. v. 27. In 1781 it was also included in his Bk. of Psalms, Salisb., p. 286, as version vi. of Ps. cii. After passing through several Unitarian Collections, it appeared in Longfellow and Johnson's Amer. Hys. of the Spirit, 1864, No. 80, in 3 st., beins st. i., iii., and vi. of the original in an altered form. Orig. text as above. [W. T. B.] All praise to Him who dwells in bliss. C. Wesley. [Evening.'] 1st pub. in J. Wesley's Coll. of Ps. & Hymns, 1741, as " An Evening Hymn," in 5 st. of 4 1. In the Poetical Works of J. & C. Wesley, 1868-72, vol. ii. p. 27, it is repeated without alteration. Although in somewhat extensive use both in Great Britain and America, it has never found a place in the Wes. II. Bk. In the Hymnary, 1872, No. 75, a doxology has been added. Usually it is given in its original form. All praise to our redeeming Lord. C. Wesley. [Christian Fellowship.] No. xxxii. of his Hymns for those that seek and those that have Redemption in the Blood of Jesus Christ, 1747, in 3 bt. of 8 1. and entitled, " At Meeting of Friends." It was not included in tlie Wes. H. Bk. until after the death of J. Wesley, and was added in one of the editions of that collection during its partial revision in 1800-1. It has become a favourite hymn amongst the Methodist bodies in all English-speaking countries, but its use, otherwise than by the Methodists, is limited. Orig. text in P. Works, 18G8-72, vol. iv. p. 252. All praise to the Lamb! Accepted I am. C. Wesley. [Assurance.] Appeared in his Hymns and Sacred Poems, 1759, vol. i., No. 130, in 18 st. of 3 1. It is not in C. U. as ALL PRAISE TO THEE a whole; but at i., iii., v., and vi., slightly altered, are sometimes found as in the Amer. H. Bk. of the Evang. Association. Cleveland, Ohio, 1882, No. 326. Orig. text in P. Works, 1868-72, vol. v. p. 25. The well-known passage :— " Not a cloud doth arise To darken the skies, Or hide for a moment my Lord from my eyes:" which reads in the original, " Not a doubt" &c, is st. v. of this hymn. All praise to Thee, who didst command. Bp. R. Mant. [Common of Apostles.] An original hymn given in his Ancient Hymns, &c, 1837, No. 67, in 6 st. of 4 1. and entitled, "Hymn of Thanksgiving for an Apostolic Ministry.*' In 1847 it was included in Fallow's Sel of Hys. for Pub. and Prio. Use, No. 50; in 1853 in the Cooke & Denton Hymnal, No. 168, for " St. Matthias' Day;" and in later collections. Orig. text, in Riving-ton's ed. of the Ancient Hymns, 1871. All-seeing God, Thy love sustains. W. J. Irons. [Providence."] A metrical form of the Collect for the 8th Sun. after Trinity, " O God, whoso never failing mercy ordereth all things, both in heaven and earth, &c." given in his Ps. & Hys. for the Church, 1873, No. 167, in 4 st. of 7 1. and headed "Perceiving God's Providence." In 1882, it was included in Taring's Coll., No. 248, with " beneath Thy sheltering Wings," for *f& beneath the cherub's wings,'' st. ii., 1. 6, but otherwise unaltered. All thanks be to God. C. Wesley. [Thanksgiving.'] One of the most celebrated open-air preaching places in Cornwall is the well-known Gwennap Pit, near Eedruth. It is a circular hollow, covering an area of about 80 square yards, and sloping to a depth of some 50 feet. It has the appearance of a huge grass-covered funnel, with rings of seats formed out of the ground, and reaching from the bottom upwards. It seems to have had its origin in the running together of a mining shaft. In this amphitheatre the Wesleys frequently preached during their tours in Cornwall. In his journal C. Wesley notes under the date of Sunday, Aug. 10, 1746, that therein " for nearly two hours nine or ten thousand, by computation, listened with all eagerness " to him as he preached. The following day, being deeply impressed with the multitude, and the success of his work, he wrote the hymn: "All thanks be to God," &c. In the following year it was given as No. iii. of Hymns for those that Seek and those that Have Redemption, &c, 1747, in 8 st. of 8 1., and entitled, " Thanksgiving for the Success of the Gospel." When included by J. Wesley in the Wes. JET. Bk. in 1780, st iv. was omitted, and some alterations were also introduced into the text. That arrangement has been retained in later editions, and is repeated in other collections. Its use is somewhat extensive both in G. Brit, and America. Orig. text in P. Works, 1868-72, vol. iv. p. 210. [J. J.] All thanks to the Lamb, Who gives us to meet. C. Wesley. [ChrMian Fellowship.] ALL THINGS ARE 45 1st pub. in his Hymns and Sacted Poems, 1749» vol. ii., No. 238, in 7 st. of 4 1.; from thence it passed into the Wes. H Bk. in 1780, in full; but in the revised ed., 1875, the last stanza is omitted. It is given in. most of the collections of the Methodist bodies, but is rarely found in other hymn-books. Orig. text in P. Works, 1868-72, vol. v. p. 468. All that I was, my sin, my guilt. H. Bonar. [Pardon through Grace.] 1st pub. in the Bible Hymn Book, of which Dr. Bonar was editor, 1845, No. 219, in 5 st. of 4 1. and based upon 1 Cor. xv. 10, " By the grace of God I am what I am." It was repeated in subsequent editions of the Bible H. Bk., and again in the author's Hymns of Faith and Hope, 1st series, 1857, and later editions, with the title " Mine and Thine." Its use, both in G. Brit, and America, is somewhat extensive, and usually the text is unaltered, as in Stevenson's Hys. for Church and H, 1873. The line, st. 4, 1. 2, "Bade me in Christ believe," in Bapt. Ps. & Hys., 1858 and 1880, and the N. Cong., 1859, is from the former collection. The dox. as in Kennedy, 1863, is not in the original. All that's good, and great, and true. Godfrey Thring. [Praise and Thanksgiving.] Written in 1863, and 1st pub. in his Hymns Congregational and Others, 1866, No. 24, in 7 st. of 4 1. and entitled '• Nature's Harmony." It was repeated in his Hymns and Lyrics, 1874, pp. 108-9, and again in his Ch. of E. H. Bk., 1882, where it is given most appropriately as a hymn for children. All the night and nothing taken. H. Alford. [Missions—S. 8. Teachers.] Contributed to his Year of Praise, 1867, No. 167, in 3 st. of 6 1., and appointed for the 5th Sun. after Trinity, being based on the Gospel of that day. It is repeated in Snepp's 8. of G. & G., 1872, No. 771. All the night so dark and drear. J. E. Bode. [Missions.] From his Hymns from the Gospel of the Day, 1860, into the App. to the S. P. C. K. Ps. & Hys. 1869, No. 416. The special Gospel is that for the 5th Sun. after Trinity, St. Luke v. 1. All the sacrifice is ended. 8. J. Stone. [Easter.] Written for his Lyra Fidelium (on the article of the Creed, " He descended into Hell; The third day He rose again from tho dead "), and 1st pub. therein, 1866, No. v., in 6 st. of 6 1. It was repeated in A Supplemental Hymnal, Lond., Macintosh, 1873; in the author's Ch. Service for Children, 1884; and in his Carmina Consecratat 1884. All the world in sin was lying. 8. Baring-Gould. [Redemption.] Printed in tho Church Times, July 30th, 1864, and thence into the People's H, 1867, No. 455, in 8 st. of 41. All things are possible to him. C. Wesley. [Concerning Holiness.] No. 10 of his "Hymns for those that wait for full Redemption," which was given in the Hymns & Sacred Poems, 1749, vol. ii., in 8 st. of 6 I. (P. Works, 1868-72, vol. v. p. 300.) In the 46 ALL THINGS ARE READY Wen. H. Bk. of 1780, and later editions, and also in other collections ia which it is found, st. iii. and vi. arc omitted, the statement in the former, " I without sin on earth shall live, Even I, the chief of sinners I j" and in the latter, f&' The unchangeable decree is past, The sure predestinating word, That I, who on the Lord am cast, I shall be like my sinless Lord: 'Twas flx'd from all eternity: All things are possible to me:" being evidently unacceptable both to J. Wesley, and those who have reprinted the hymn from his collection. Its use as a congregational hymn outside the Methodist bodies is almost unknown. All things are ready, Come. A. Mid-lane. [Invitation.'] Written in July, 1860, and first pub. in The Ambassador's Hymn Booh, 1861, No. 49, in 5 st. of 4 1. S.M., from whence it has passed into numerous collections both in G. Brit, and America. It ranka with the most popular of the author's productions. Oriir. text, in Spurgeon's 0. 0. H. Bk. 1866, No. 504. All things are ready! there's a place of rest. [Holy Communion.'] This Eucharistic hymn, which is suited more to private devotion than public worship, we have failed to trace to its original source. It is known to us in 1hree forms:— 1. All things are ready! Jesus waits to give. This is found in a collection of Hymns, pub. at Chipping Norton, 1859, in 3 st. of 4 1. and said to be Anon, showing that it had been copied from an earlier work. 2. All things are ready! there's a place of rest. This text in 4 st. is the same as the first four st. in Thring's Coll., No. 526, which were taken by Mr. Thring from a collection now to him unknown. It consists of the first form of the hymn as above, and another stanza which is given as the first. 3. The cento in Thring. This is No. 2, with a fifth st. and a new line, st. iv., 1. 4, by Mr. Thring. All things bright and beautiful. Cecil F. Alexander, nee Humphreys. [God, our Maker.] A successful and popular hymn for children, on the article of the Creed, "Maker of Heaven and Earth," whioh appeared in her Hymns for Little Children, 1848, in 7 st. of 4 1. It is usually given in an unaltered form, as in Thring's Coll., 1882. All things praise Thee, Lord most high. G. W. Conder. [Praise.] Pub. in 1874, in his Appendix to the Leeds H. Bk. of 1853, No. 6, in 6 st. of 6 1. It is given in many collections, its popularity arising to some extent from its remarkable word-painting. This is a distinguishing feature of the author's compositions both in prose and verse. The hymn is sometimes abbreviated by the omission of one or more stanzas. In Thring's Coll., 1882, No. 249, st. iii. and iv. are thus omitted with advantage. ALL YE THAT PASS All we like wandering sheep have strayed. [Passiontide.] This Anon, hymn has not been iraced beyond the Rev. T. M. Fallow's Sel. of Hys. for Pub. and Priv. Use, Lond., Masters, 1847, No. 58, in 4 st. of 4 1., where it is appointed for Good Friday. In 1852 it was repeated in the English Hymnal, No. 103, with the addition of a doxology; and in this form, with the change of the line, " Yet still He uncomplaining stands," to " Yet tm-complaining still He stands" in Kennedy, 1863, No. 600. [W. T. B.] All wondering on the desert ground. J. E. Bode. [Feeding the Multitude.] One of the most popular and successful of his Hymns from the Gospel of the Day, 1860, in 5 st. of 4 1., the Gospel being the 25th Sun. after Trinity, St. John vi. 5. It has passed into various collections at home and abroad, including Al ford's Year of Praise, 1867, the New Zealand Hymnal, 1872, and others. Orig. text in Lord Seiborne's Bk. of Praise, 1862. All ye Gentiles, praise the Lord. J. Montgomery. [Ps. cxvii.] 1st pub. in his Songs of Zion, 1822, in 3 st. of 4 1., and again in his Original Hymns, 1853, p. 91, where it is entitled, " Exhortation to Universal Praise and Thanksgiving." It is sometimes given as:—"All ye nations, praise the Lord,*' in both English and American hymnals. It was introduced into • congregational* use at an early date, and has attained to a fair position. All ye that fear Him, praise the Lord. [Ps. xxil] This hymn, as given in Spurgeon's O. O. H. Bk., 1866, No. 22, pt. iii., is a cento thus composed:—St. i. from the O. V., 1562, by T. Sternhold; st. ii., iii. from the N. V., 1696, by Tate & Brady: st. iv., by the editor, based on the 0. F. All ye that [who] love the Lord, rejoice. I. Watts. [Ps. cxlix.] 1st pub. in his Psalms of David, &c, 1719, in 8 st. of 4 1., and entitled, " Praise God, all His saints; or, The Saints judging the World." To it he appended a note in explanation of his rendering of verses 6-9, " Let the high praises of God be in their mouth," &c. ** This Psalm seems to be written to encourage the Jews in the wars against the Heathen Princes of Canaan, who were divinely sentenced to Destruction: But the four last Verses of it have been too much abused in later Ages to promote Sedition and Disturbance in the State; so that I chose to refer this Honour, that is here given to all the Saints, to the day of Judgment, according to those Expressions in the New Testament, Mat. xix. 28, Ye shall sit on twelve Thrones, judging the Tribes, &c.; i. Cor. vi. 3, We sliall judge Angels; Rev. ii. 27 and iii. 21,1 will give him Power over the Nations, he shall rule them with a Bod of Iron" &c. Notwithstanding this defence, the unsuit-ability of these stanzas for congregational use is emphasised by their omission in most collections in G. Britain and America. All ye that pass by. C. Wesley. [Invitation.] This «'Invitation to Sinners " appeared in the 'Hymns and Sacred Poems, 1741), vol. i., No. xlii., in 7 st. of 6 1. In 1760 it was included, with the omission of st. iv., in M. Madan's Ps. & Hys., No. xxi.; again in th« collections of De Courcy, B. Conyers, and ALL YE WHO others in the Ch. of England; Williams and Boden, and others amongst the Congregation-alists; and in the collections of various denominations: but not until the publication of the Supp. to the Wes. H. Bk. in 1830 was it added to that work, and thereby officially recognised by the Wesleyan Conference. It is retained in the revised ed. of the Wes. H. Bk., 1875, and is in extensive use in G. Brit, and America. Orig. text in P. Works, 1868-72, vol. iv. p. 371. AH ye who faithful servants are. Tate & Brady. [Holy Communion.'] This is Hymn ii. of the three hymns for Holy Communion which were given in the Supp. to the N. V., 1699. It is based on Rev. xix., and is in 4 st. of 4 1. It is found in a few modern hymnals only, including Kennedy, 1863, No. 646, and the Sarum, 1868, No. 225, in both of which the changes in st. iv. of 1. 1, "bless'd" to "blest," and 1. 4, "Is call'd" to " Is made a welcome guest," are given. The text is otherwise correct. All ye who seek a rest above. Godfrey Thring. [Holy Communion.'] Written in 1863, and 1st pub. in his Hymns Congregational and Others, 1866, pp. 72-3, in 5 st. of 6 1. In 1874 it was republished in his Hymns and Lyrics, pp. 141-2; and again in his Coll., 1st ed., 1880, but not in the 2nd ed., 1882. All yesterday is gone. [Invitation.] This hymn, in 3 st. of 4 1., is found in a few English collections early in the present century, including Pratt's Coll., 1829, through which it probably passed into the American collections. Its use in G. Brit, is very limited. In America it is found in several hymnals. It is an earnest and simple invitation to accept of present offers of salvation. Its authorship is unknown. Alle Christen singen genie, xviii. cent. [Love to Christ.] Included as No. 953 in J. J. Gottschaldt's Universal G. B., Leipzig, 1737, in 11 st. of 12 1., and in the Unv. L. 8., 1851, No. 294. Repeated altered (reading hb'ren) as No. 514 in the Berlin G. B., 1829, in 4 st. of 8 1. The only tr. is, " All with Jesus are delighted," by Dr. H. Mills, 1845 (ed. 1856, p. 114). [J. M.] Alleluia = Hallelujah. Hymns beginning with this word are arranged in this work according to the mode of spelling adopted by the authors and translators. Alleluia (Greek, 'AAA^o&a; Hebrew, FM/zil). An ascription of praise derived from two Hebrew words meaning "Praise Jah," or " Praise the Lord." It occurs frequently in the Book of Psalms, from Ps. civ. onwards, both in the text and as a heading (Vulgate); once in the Book of Tobit (xiii. 18), and four times in the Revelation (xix. 1,3,4,6). It passed at an early date into frequent and general use among Christians. St. Jerome speaks of the Christian ploughman shouting it while at his work. [jEjp. xviii. ad Marcel-lam.] Sidonius Apollinans alludes to sailors using it as the " celeusma," or exclamation of ALLELUIA 47 encouragement while plying the oar. [Lib. ii. Ep. 10.] Christian soldiers used it as a battle-cry, as when the Britons under the guidance of St. Gcrmanus of Auxerre won the " Alleluia victory " over the Picts and Scots a.d. 429. Tradition says that when the early Christians met on Easter morning, they saluted each other with the exclamation, "Alleluia, the Lord is risen." The word passed early into liturgical use, and (untranslated, like other Hebrew words, '* Araon," '• Hosanna") assumed a fixed position in the services of the Church. Its uses are:— i. In the Eastern Church it is closely connected with the Great Entrance. It occurs once at the close of the Cherubic Hymn in the Greek Liturgies of St. James (Hammond, C. E., Lit. Eastern and Western, p. 32), and of St. Mark (Ibid. p. 178), and three times in the same position in the Liturgy of Constantinople (Ibid. p. 101). It occurs frequently in the Greek Offices for the Dead (Goar, Eucholog. p. 526), and its use is not intermitted even in Lent (Ibid. p. 205). In the Greek Menaea it occurs thrice at the end of the Hexapsalmus at the Orthron; thrice after the Gloria Patri concluding the three opening Psalms of the first, the third, and the sixth Hours. ii. Its liturgical use in the Western Church has been varied. 1. In the Mozarabic liturgy its normal and invariable position was after the Gospel, at the commencement and conclusion of the "Lauda," its use being continued even in Masses for the Dead, and even on such ferial occasions as the first day of Lent. It also occurs nearly as invariably in the " Sacrificium," or ".Offertorium." According to original usage the " Alleluia " was retained in the Spanish Church all the year round, but its omission in Lent was ordered by Can. xi. of the fourth Council of Toledo, and is witnessed to by Isidore of Seville (De Eccles. Offic. i. 13). Such omission only commences after the First Sunday in Lent, on which day additional " Alleluias " were inserted in the Introit. 2. Gallican usage is unknown, but in this, as in other points, it was probably identical with the Spanish rite. 3. In the African Church the use of " Alleluia " was confined to Sundays and to Easter and Ascension-tide (Isidorus de Eccles. Offic. i. 13). 4. In the Roman Liturgy it is used after tbe Gradual, before the Gospel. Originally its use was confined to Easter Day (Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. vii. 19), though some persons have supposed Pascha in this passage to mean Easter-tide. Afterwards it was used throughout the year except from Septuagesima Sunday to Holy Saturday, and according to present rule it is also omitted on ferial masses in Advent, on the Feast of Holy Innocents if it falls on a week-day, and on all Vigils except those of Easter and Pentecost, in Masses for the Dead, and on Ember Days. 5. In the Roman Breviary "Alleluia" is said after the opening "Gloria Patri" at all the Hours except from Septuagesima Sunday to Maundy-Thursday, when "Laus tibi, Domine, Rex aeternae gloriae" is substituted for it, and during Easter-tide it is added to all "Antiphons," of which at other seasons it would not form a part. It is also added during Easter-tide to the verses following the Antiphons to the Psalms, and to the Besponsory after Lections before its following verse; and to the short Responsory after the chapter at Terce, Sext, and None, being said twice here, and twice after the first verse instead of part of the llesponsory, and once after the second verse. iii. Beyond this enumeration we need not go, as the labour involved in tracing out the use of " Alleluia" in the hundreds of local Breviaries which exist, would yield little return in practical utility. Dr. Neale's note on the use of Alleluia in his Mediaeval Hymns, 1851 and 1867, under "Alleluiadulce carmen," is yery beautiful, but too long for quotation. iv. We will close with a short list of Hymns, Sequences and Proses commenced with the word " Alleluia," or with the first two syllables of that word. 48 ALLELUIATICAE 1. " Alle- cantabile sonet chorus cantorum ct sub-juntrat dulcibile -luya." A Sequence for the Feast of St. Bartholomew in the Tropary of Ethelred (994-1017, Bodleian ms. 775), printed in Surtees Society, vol. 60, p. 286. It consists of 17 lines, all but 7 of which end with the letter a, and in 3 out of the 7 exceptions the last vowel is a. The lines chiefly consist of 15 syllables, but are occasionally longer, varying from 18 to 23. 2. " Alle-coeleste necnon et perenne -luya." A Prose attached to the Paschal Sequence entitled " Mater Se-qucntiarum " [= Pangamus Creatoris, &c], in the Tropary of Ethelred [Bodl. ms. 775, Surtees Soc. vol. 60, p. 291]. It occurs in the Sarum, York, and Hereford Missals as the Sequence for the Feast of the Nativity of the B. V. M. on Sept. 8. It consists of 84 short lines, all of which, with 9 exceptions, end with the letter a, and in 8 out of the 9 exceptional lines the last vowel is a. After the first line, containing 13 syllables, the remaining lines vary between 4 and 9 syllables. 3. Alleluia, Alleluia, Alleluia, 0 filii ct flliae, &c. (q. v.). 4. "Alleluia Christo decantet omnis lingua." A Sequence for the festival of St. Erhardus (Jan. 8), a Bavarian Bishop of the 8th century, printed from an undated Katisbon Missal, by Dr. Neale (Sequentiae, 1852, p, 91). It consists of 19 rugged lines, in length varying from 13 to 22 syllables, closing with 3 short lines of 9 syllables each. 5.«' Alleluia, dulce carmen " (q. v.). 6. "Alleluia nuncdecantet universalisecclesia" (q.v.). 7. " Alleluia piis edite laudibus" (q. w). Two instances of striking merit of modern imitations of these ancient " Alleluias " are found in 8. "Alleluia, Alleluia, hearts to heaven and voices raise" (q. v.). An Easter hymn by Pr. Christopher Wordsworth, Bishop of Lincoln. 9. "Alleluia, sing to Jesus" (q. v.). An Eucharistic Hymn, by W. Chatterton Dix. [F. E. W.] Allelui(y)aticae Antiphonae. A name fur the Easter Antiphons with their added Alleluias. Sarum Breviary. Cambridge reprint. Fasc. ii. 1882. Col. dccccxcvi. [F. E. W.] Alleluia, dulce carmen. [Weeh before Septuagesima.'] The earliest form in which this hymn is found is in three mss. of the 11th cent, in the British Museum (Harl. 2961, f. 235; Vesp. D. xii. f. 46 b; Jul. A. vi. f. 42 b). From a Durham ms. of the 11th cent., it was pub. in the Latin Hys. of the Anglo-Saxon Ch. (Surtees Society), 1851, p. 55. The text is in Daniel, i. No. 263, and with further readings in iv. p. 152; and in the Hymn. Sarisb. 1851, p. 59. In the latter readings are added from the Worcester Brev., &c. Also in Biggs's Annotated H. A. & M., p. 82. [W. A. S.] Translations in C. U.:— 1. Alleluia! best and sweetest. Of the hymns of praise above. By J. Chandler, 1st pub. in his Hys. of the Primitive Church, 1837, No. 59, in 4 st. of 6 1., as the first of two renderings of the hymn. This tr. is found in a great number of collections with the first two lines complete, but usually with a few alterations in the rest of the hymn. In the S. P. C. K. Ps. f Hys., No. 37, it reads u Alleluia ! peace instilling," and in the Bapt. Ps. $ Hys., 1858, No. 633, "Hallelujah! high and glorious." 2. Alleluia! song of sweetness, Voice of everlasting glee. By W. J. Blew, printed on a broadsheet for use in his church, cir. 1850 [e. mss.], and then included in his Ch. H. $ Tune Bk., 1852, from whence it passed into Rice's Sel. from that work, 1870, No. 23. 3. Alleluia! song of sweetness* Voice of joy, eternal lay. By J. M. Neale, It appeared in the ALLELUIA, DULCE CARMEN 1st ed. Med. Hys., 1851, p. 130, in 4 st. of 6 1., and was " corrected for the Hymnal N." {Med. Hys. 2nd ed. p. 184), where it was given in its new form, in 1852, No. 46, and again in the 2nd ed. of the Med. Hys., 1863. This tr. equals in popularity that of Chandler, but it is more frequently and extensively altered. Without noticing minor instances, we find the following: "Alleluia, song of sweetness,Voice of joy that cannot die" in //.A.$M., 1861 and 1875, and many others. " Hallelujah ! song of gladness, Voice of joy that cannot die" in Thring's Coll., 1882, &c. Of these altered forms of Neale's text, that of //. A. fy M, is most frequently adopted. 4. Alleluia! song of gladness, Utterance of perennial joy. By J. A. Johnston, given in his English Hymnal, 1852, No. 75, and in later editions. 5. Alleluia! song of gladness, Voice of everlasting joy. This tr. appeared in Cooke and Den-ton's Hymnal, 1853, No. 44. It is based upon Chandler; but it has so much in it that is new, that practically it is - fresh tr. In 1857, it was included in the Winchester Ch. H. Bk., No. 247, and subsequently in Barry, Snepp's Songs of G. $ G.; Hy. Comp.; the Stoke II. Bk., and others. It is also given, but somewhat altered, in the Parish H. Bk.; the R. T. S.'s. Hys., No. 337 ; and the New Cong., No. 714. In some of these it is ascribed to Dr. Neale in error. 6. Alleluya! song of sweetness. By J. D. Chambers, in his Lauda Syon, 1857, i. p. 120, and from thence, in an altered form, into the Wellington College II. Bk., 1860, p. 65. 7. Alleluia, sweetest anthem, Voioe of joy that may not die. By J. Keble. This tr. is based upon Dr. Neale's, and was contributed to the Salisbury H. Bk., 1857, No. 63, and repeated, with alterations, in the Sarum, 1868. It was also included in Keble's Misc. Poems, 1869, p. 149. 8. Alleluia! song of sweetness, No. 61 in Pott's Hymns, &c, 1861, is the II. A. $ M. text, slightly altered; and No. 102, Ch. Hys., 1871, is st. i., ii. and in., from Pott's Hys. and st. iv. from Neale direct. 9. Alleluia, song of sweetness, Strain of ever-living joy. By R. C. Singleton, made for, and 1st pub. in his Anglican H. Bk. 1868. It was rewritten for the 2nd ed., 1871. The close resemblance of these trs. to each other has made the annotations a task of some difficulty. By far the greater number of compilers have worked with second-hand materials, and these, when re-arranged, have produced complications in the text of the most embarrassing nature. Ch. Hys. No. 102, is an example. There we have Neale altered by the compilers of H. A. Sf M., altered again by the Rev. F. Pott in his Coll.; again this arrangement, shorn of st. iv., by the editors of Ch. Hys. and the omission made good by adopting Neale's original tr. of that stanza. The text of Hiring and others is equally complicated. Translations not in C. XT.:— 1. O, Glorious is the song. J. Chandler (2nd .d., b. at Pittsfield, Mass., 1784, graduated at Harvard, 1802. He became Pastor of Pittsfield, 1810; President of Dartmouth University, 1817, and of Bowdoin College, 1820-1839. He d. at Northampton, 1868. He published the American Biographical and Historical Dictionary, 1809; Psalms and Hymns, 1835. The latter contains versions of all the Psalms, and 200 origiual hymns. Some of the hymns, especially those about slavery, are curious. Five are found it Campbell's Comprehensive H. Bh., Lond., 1837 His compositions have almost entirely passed out of use. [P. M. B.] Allendorf, Johann Iiudwig Conrad, b. Feb. 9, 1693, at Josbach, near Marburg, Hcsso, where his father was pastor. He entered the University of Giessen in 1711, but in 1713 passed on to Halle to study under Francke, and then, in 1717, became tutor in the family of Count Hcnkel of Odersberg. In 1723 he became tutor to the family of Count Erdmann v. Promnitz at Sorau, and in 1724 was appointed Lutheran Court preacher at Cothen, when one of the Count's daughters was married to the Prince of Anhalt-Cothen. After the death of his first wife the Prince married her younger sister, but the latter , ALLENDOIIF, J. L. O. dyiug in 1750, the need for a Lutheran Court preacher ceased, he being of the Reformed Confession. Allendorf was then summoned by Count Christian Ernst v. Stolberg to Wer-nigerode, where a sister of his former patronesses was the wife of the Count's eldest son. There he was assistant in two churches till 1755, when he was appointed pastor of the Liebfrau Church, and a member of the Consistory. In 1760 he became pastor of St. Ulrich's Church in Halle, and successfully laboured there till, on June 3,1773, "As a Simeon of eighty years he received his peaceful summons home to rest in the arms of Jesus " {Koch, iv. 441-446; Allg. Deutsche Biog., i. 349, &c). His hymns, which are "hymns of love to Christ, the Lamb of God, and the Bridegroom of the believing soul," appeared principally in the Einige gantz neue auserlesene Lieder, Halle, N. d. (c. 1733), and the Einige gantz neue Lieder zum Lobe des Dreijeinigen Gottes und zur ge-wunschteh reichen Erbauung vieler Menschen. The latter, known as the Cothnische Lieder, contains hymno of the Pietists of the younger Halle School, such as Lehr, Allendorf, Wol-tersdorf, Kunth, &c.; and to its first ed., 1736, Allendorf contributed 45 hymns, while the 4th ed., 1744, contains in its second pt. 46, and the 5th ed., 1768, in its third pt. 41 additional hymns by him—in all 132. Four of his hymns have been tr., viz. :— 1. Das Brunnlein quillt, das Lebenswasser fiiesset. [H. Communion.'] Founded on Ps. lxv. 1st pub. in 1733, p. 14, and included, in 1736, as above, in 9 st. of 8 1., as a " Brunnenlied." Repeated as No. 1570 in the Berlin G. L. S. ed. 1863. The only tr. in C. U. is:— The Fountain flows!—its waters—all are needing, omitting st. iv., vi., ix., by H. Mills in his florae Germanicae, 1845 (ed. 1856, p. 43). The tr. of st. i.-iii., viii., altered to " The Fountain flows f waters of life bestowing," were included, as No. 819, in the Luth. General Synod's ColL 1850. 2. Die Seele ruht in Jesu Airmen, \Etcm I Life."] Founded on an anonymous hymn in 5 st. beginning, " Ich ruhe nun in Gottes Armcn," included as No. 655, in pt. ii., 1714, of Frey-linghausen's G. B.; but not in the Einhundert . . . Lieder, Dresden, 1694 [Leipzig Town Library]. According to Lauxmann in Koch, viii. 689, Allendorf's hymn was first printed separately. In pt. ii. of the 4th ed., 1744, of the Cbth-nische Lieder, as above, p. 264, in 13 st. of 101. entitled, " Of a soul blessed there with the beatific vision," Rev. xxii. 4. Written in the spirit of Canticles, it is included in full in the Neue Sammlung, Wernigerode, 1752, No. 92, but is generally abridged, Knapp, in his Ev. L. S., 1850, No. 3059.(ed. 1865, No. 3123) altering it and omitting st. vi., ix., x. Lauxmann relates that Diaconus Schlipalius, of the Holy Cross Church in Dresden, told his wife on Jan. 1,1764, while he was yet in perfect health, that he would die during the year. He comforted her apprehensions with st. vi.-xi. of this hymn, which consoled himself shortly before his death on April 6 of that year. The only tr. in C. U. is :- Now rests her soul in Jesus' arms. A good tr. of st. i., ii., viii., xii., xiii.? in the 1st Ser., 1855, ALLES 1ST AN GOTTES of Miss Winkworth's Lyra Ger., p. 250 (later eds. p. 252). Thence, omitting st. xii., as No. 362 in E. H. Bickersteth's Ps. $ Hys., 1858. Another tr. is, "In Jesus' arms her soul doth rest," by Mrs. Bevan, 1858, p. 42. 3. Jesus ist kommen, Grand ewiger Freude. [Advent] First pub. in 1736 as above (ed. 1738, p. 102), in 23 st. of 6 1., as a hymn of triumph on the Coming of the Saviour to our world, St. John iii. 31. In the Speier G. B., 1859, 11 st. are selected, and in the Wurttemberg G. B., 1842, 6 st. are given as No. 84. The only tr. is, "Jesus is come, 0 joy heaven-lighted/' by Miss Warner, in her H. of the Church Militant, 1858 (ed. 1861, p. 433). 4. TJnter Lilien jener Freuden. [Longing for Heaven."] A beautiful hymn on the Joys of Heaven, more suited for private than for Church use. It appeared as, " In den Auen jener Freuden," in the Sammlnng Geist- und licblicher Licder, Herrnhut, 1731, No. 1004, in 8 st. of 6 1. When repeated in 1733, p. 67, and in 1736, in the Cdthnische Lieder, as above, Ps. lxxxiv. 3, was given as a motto, and the first line as Unter Lilien. Included in this form as No. 721 in the Berlin G. L. S. ed. 1863. Laux-mann, in Koch, viii. 687-689, relates that it was repeated on her death-bed by the first wife of Jung-Stilling, and that it was a favourite hymn of Wilhelm Hofacker, a well-known Wurttemberg clergyman. The only tr. is, "Glorious are the fields of heaven," by Mrs. Bevan, 1859, p. 131. [J. M.] Alles ist an Gottes Segen. Anon. xvii. cent. [Trust in God.] This hymn on Christian faith and patience is mentioned by Koch, v. 605, as anonymous and as dating c. 1673. In the Niirnbcrg G. B. of 1676 it is No. 943 (ed. 1600, No. 949), in 6 st, of 6 1., "marked "Anonymus." Included as No. 488 in the Unv. L. 8., 1851. Translation in C. U.:— All things hang on our possessing. Good and full in the 2nd Series, 1858, of Miss Winkworth's Lyra Ger., p. 189, and thence, as No. 130, in her C. B. for England, 1863, and in full in the Ohio Luth. Hymnal, 1880, No. 326. [J. M.] Alline, Henry [Allen], b. at Newport, B. L, June 14,1748, was some time a minister at Falmouth, Nova Scotia, and d. at North Hill, N.S., Feb. 7,1784. Alline, whose name is sometimes spelt Alten, is said to have founded a sect of «• Alleuites," who maintained that Adam and Eve before the fall had no corporeal bodies, and denied the resurrection of the body. These peculiar views may have a place in his prose works, but they cannot be traced in his 487 Hymns and Spiritual Songs, in five books, of which the 3rd ed., now rare, was pub. at Dover and Boston, U.S.A., 1797, and another at Stoningtonport, Conn., 1802. Of these hymns 37 are found in Smith and Jones's Hymns for the Use of Christians, 1805, and some in later books of that body. The best of these hymns, " Amazing sight, the Saviour stands," from the 1st ed. of Hymns and Spiritual Songs (1790 ?), is preserved in Hatfield's Ch. H. Bk., 1872, No. 569, where it is given anonymously from Nettleton's Village Hymns ; ALMA REDEMPTORIS 51 also in the Bapt Praise Bk., and others. Alline's hymns are unknown to the English collections. [F. M. B.] Allon, Henry, d.d., nn Independent Minister, b. at Welton, near Hull, October 18, 1818, and educated at Cheshunt Coll., Herts. In 1844 he became co-pastor with the Rev. T. Lewis of the Union Chapel, Islington, and succeeded to the sole pastorate ou the death of Mr. Lewis in 1852. In 1865 Dr. Allon became co-editor with Dr. Reynolds of the British Quarterly Review, and in 1877 the sole editor of that journal. His Memoir of tlie Bev. J. Sherman, pub. in 1863, and his Sermons on The Vision of God, 1876, are well known. As a composer of hymns he is represented by one hymn only, " Low in Thine agony," a good hymn for Pas-eiontide, contributed to his Suppl. Hymns, 1868, No. 24. His services to Hymnody, especially in the musical department, have been of value. In addition to acting as co-editor of the New Cong. H. Bk. 1859, he pub. Supplemental Hymns, 1868, enlarged ed. 1875; Children's Worship, 1878; and The Congregational Psalmist Hymnal, 1886. His musical compilations are the Congregational Psalmist, London, 1858, in conjunction with Dr. Gauntlet t, in which his Historical Preface and Biographical Notes display considerable research and accuracy (various eds. 1868,1875, 1883, raising the original 330 to 650 tunes); 2nd sect, of the same, Clmnt Book. 1860; 3rd sect, Anthems for Congregational Use, 1872; Wi sect, Tunes for Children's Worship, 1879. These musical works, together with his essay, " The Worship of the Church," contributed to Dr. Reynolds's Ecclesia, 1870; and his most valuable lectures delivered in connection with the Y. M. C. A. in Exeter Hall -^Church Song in its Relation to Church Life, 1861-2; and Psalmody of the Reformation, 1863-4,—havo done much towards raising the musical portion of Nonconformist worship to a higher and more cultured position. [J. J.] Allsop, Solomon S., b. 1824; resided in Jamaica, whero his father laboured as a missionary, from 1827 to 1830, when he returned to England. Joining the Nonconformist ministry he has been successively Pastor at Whittlesea, Longford, March, and Burton-on-Trent. In 1879 ho was President of the Baptist Annual Association. When at Longford, 1864-68, Mr. Allsop wrote several hymns for the local Anniversary. Of these, " Our hymn of thanks we sing to-day " was included in Stevenson's Sch. Hymnal, 1880, No. 323, in 5 st. of 6 1. Alma Bedemptoris Mater quae per-via coeli. [B. V. M.] One of four Anti-phons to the B. V. M. used at the termination of the Offices, the remaining three being the Ave Regina, the Regina coeli, and the Salve Regina. It is ascribed to Hermannus Contractus, who d. 1054. In Daniel, ii. p. 318, the text is given in full, together with a note setting forth its use, with readings from a Municli ms. probably of the 13th cent. It is also in a 11th cent. Sarum Breviary in the British Museum (mss. Reg. 2 A., xiv. f. 235 b); 52 ALMIGHTY AUTHOR in the Boman Breviary, Modena, 1480, f. 512; the York Breviary, 1493, (repriut, 1883, ii. 494), &c. Concerning its use we may add from Daniel and other authorities:— That it is appointed to be said at the end of Compline from the Saturday before the first Sunday in Advent to the 2nd of February, inclusively, and that in the old Franciscan Breviary, dated 1497, it is to be sung till Quinquagesima Sunday. In the Breviaries of Home, Paris, Lyons, &c, it is to be said at the end of Compline from the 1st Vespers of the 1st Sunday in Advent to the Feast of the Purification, inclusively; also after Lauds during this time, if the choir where the office is recited be left; if Prime, or other Hours, shall be said immediately after Lauds, then this Antiphon should be used at the end, once for all. Should the Feast of the Purification be transferred, on account of some privileged day (as Septuagesima Sunday) falling on the same time, yet the Alma Hedemptoris Mater is not to be continued beyond Feb. 2, according to decrees of the Boman Congregation of Kites, 1681,1693,1705. How well this Antiphon was known in England in the Middle Ages we may judge from the use which Chaucer made of it in his Prioress's Tale, where the whole story is associated therewith. In the tale it is introduced in the following lines:— " This litel childe his litel book leming, As he sate in the scoU at his primere, He Alma Bedetnptoris herde sing, As children lered hir antiphonere: And as he dorst, he drow him nere and ncre, And herkened ay the wordes and the note, Til he the firste vere coude al by rote." The Poet then explains the way in which the child mastered the Antiphon, together with the music to which it was set; and describes his singing it in the public streets, his murder by the Jews for so doing, and the subsequent results. This Antiphon is distinct from the Sequence, " Alma redemptoris Mater quam de coelis misit pater," given in Daniel, v. 113; Mone, ii. p. 200; Neale's 8eq. ex Mis-salibus, p. 72, and others. The Sequence Mone quotes from a MS. of the 13th cent. Of this there is, so far as we are aware, no tr. into English. From the constant use of the Antiphon, both in public and private, by all Boman Catholics, translations, either in prose or verse, arc in nearly all their devotional manuals. It is only necessary to specify the following:— Translation in C. U.:— Mother of Christ, hear thou thy people's cry. By E. Caswall, 1st pub. in his Lyra Cathdica, 1849, p. 38, and in his Hymns $ Poems, 1873, p. 22. Its use is confined to the Roman Catholic collections for schools and missions. Translations not in C. V. :— 1. Kindly Mother of the Redeemer. Card. Newman, Tracts for the Times, No. 75,1836. 2. Sweet Mother of our Saviour blest. J. Wallace. 1874. [V.] Almighty Author of my frame. Anne Steele. [Praise.] The first hymn of her Poems on Subjects chiefly Devotional, 1760, vol. i. pp. 1-2, in 5 st. of 4 1., and entitled "Desiring to praise God."» It was repeated in the new ed. of the same, 1780, pp. 1-2, and again in Sedgwick's reprint of her Hymns, &c, 1863. It came into C U. through the Bristol Bapt. Coil, of Hys. of Ash and Evans, 1769, No. 40. Its modern use, except in America, is very limited. Almighty Father, bless the word. {After Sermon.'] This hymn appeared anony- ALM1GHTY FATHER mously in Dr. W. A. Muhlenberg's Church Poetry. Phila., 1823. It was repeated in the Amer. Prayer Book Coll., 1826, as No. 39, in 2 st. It is found in several American collections, but is not in C. U. in Great Britain. Almighty Father, God of grace. T. Cotterill. [For Pardon.] A metrical rendering of the Confession from the B. of C. Prayer given in his Sel. 1810, and continued in later eds. The ascription here to Cotterill is based on the autliority of two marked copies of the 8th cd. of the Sel. 1819, in the Brooke and Julian Libraries. Orig. text in Snepp's 8. of G. & G. 1872, No. 451. Almighty Father, gracious Lord. Anne Steele. [Providence and Grace.] "Praise to God for the Blessings of Providence and Grace,'1 is the title of this hymn in 16 st. of 4 1. in her Poems, &c, 1760, and 2nd edit 1780L A cento therefrom in Dr. Alexander's Augustine H. Bk., 1849-65, is composed of st. i., ii., vii.-ix., xv., and xvi. It is also found in some American collections. Another arrangement of stanzas beginning with the first st. was included in Cotterill's Sel, 1810. Of this, st, iii., 11. 5-8, is altered from Cowper. Almighty Father, heaven and earth. E. A. Dayman. [Offertory.] 1st pub. in the Sarum Hymnal, 18b8, No. 292, and appointed as an " Offertory Hymn." Together with 2 st. as a "General Heading," and 2 st. as a " General Ending," it embodies two parts of 4 st. of 4 1., and a doxology. In the Hymnary, 1872, No, 522, it assumed the form of a single hymn, embracing the "General Heading," " Part i.," the 1st st. of the " General Ending," and the dox., thus omitting one stanza of the latter, and the whole of pt. 2. Some slight alterations are also introduced therein. Almighty Father, let Thy love. E. W. Eddu. [Matrimony.] Written in 1863, and published in his Irvingite Hys. for the use of the Churches, in 1864, No. 114, and later editions. Almighty Father of mankind. M. Bruce. [Providence.] We attribute this hymn to M. Bruce on grounds stated in his Memoir in this work. It was written probably about 1764, and 1st pub. in J. Logan's Poems, 1781, No. 3, in 3 si of 4 1. Its use is not extensive in G. Brit., but it^is found in many of the American hymnals. Text from Logan in Dr. Grosart's Works of Michael Bruce, 1865. Almighty Father! robed with light. E. T. Pilgrim. [Resignation.] From his Hymns written chiefly on the Divine Attributes of the Supreme Being, 2nd ed., 1831, p. 8. It is Hymn iv. " On Resignation," in 3 st. of 4 1., and is based on the words, " Thy Will be done." It is in several collections. Almighty Father, Thou hast many a blessing. [Renunciation.] Anon., in Longfellow and Johnson's Amer. Book of Hys., 1846, No. 217; and their Hymns of the Spirit, 1864, No. 365, in 3 st. of 41. ALMIGHTY GOD Almighty God, be Thou our Guide. [Security in God."] Anon., in Holy Song for all Seasons, Lond., Bell & Daldy, 1869, No. 356, in 5 st. of 41. Almighty God, Eternal Lord. [Before a Sermon.'] A cento mainly from hymns by C. Wesley as given iu the Wes. H. Bh. 1780. The 1st st. is from " Come, O Thou all victorious Lord," st. i., the 2nd, from "Thou Son of God, Whose flaming eyes," st. v., the 4th, from "Father of all in whom alone;" and the 3rd and 5th, possibly by the compiler. As the cento has not been traced to an earlier date than Cotterill's Sel., 1805, No. 71, it was probably compiled by Cotterill from the Wes. H. Bh. To modern collections in Great Britain it is almost entirely unknown, but its use in America is somewhat extensive. The concluding line, " And faith be lost in sight," anticipated Dr. Neale's " Till hope be lost in sight," in H. A. & JUT., 1875, No. 226, st. iv., and other hymnals. The history of the hymns from which this cento is compiled may be found under their respective first lines. Almighty God, in humble prayer. /. Montgomery. [For Wisdom.'] This hymn is in the "m. mss.," but undated. It was pub; in Montgomery's Christian Psalmist, 1825, No. 498, in 6 st. of 41. and entitled " Solomon's Prayer for Wisdom." It is repeated, without alteration, in his Original Hymns, 1853, No. 70. In modern collections it is usually given in an abbreviated form, as in Windle's Metrical Psalter & Hymnal, No. 11, Harland's Ch. Psalter, No. 199, the Ainer. Sabb. H. Bh., &c. Almighty God of love. C. Wesley. [Missions.'] A cento composed of Nos. 1157, 1158, and 1159 of his Short Hymns, dec, 1762, vol. i. p. 391. In this form it was given in the Wes. H. Bh. 1780, and has beon retained in all editions of that work. It has also passed into numerous collections, specially of the Methodist bodies, both in G. Brit, and America. Orig. text in P. Worhs, 1868-72, vol. ix. p. 469. Almighty God, the pure and just. E. Osier. [Lent] 1st pub. in the Mitre II. Booh, 1836, No. 1, in 4 *t. of 4 1. and again with slight variations in the Author's Church and King, July 1837. In Kennedy, 1863, No. 631, it is subject to further alterations which are repeated in detail from Cooke & Denton's Hymnal, 1853, No. 69, but with the omission of their doxology. Almighty God, Thy Name I praise. Dorothy A. Thrupp. [God the Father.] Contributed to her Hymns for the Young (let ed. n.d. c. 1830, 4th ed. Lond. 1836), No. 63, in 3 st. of 4 1. and entitled, " Praise to God for Mercies." From thence it passed into Mrs. Herbert Mayo's£eZ. ofHys.A Poetry, &c, Lond. E. Suter (1st ed. 1838, 4th ed. 184!)), with the signature " d. a. t." It is found in several collections for children, including the Ch. S. S. H. Bh., 1868, and others. [W. T. B.] Almighty God, Thy piercing eye. I. Watts. [Omniscience.] 1st pub. in his ALMIGHTY MAKEE 53 Divine Songs, 1715, in 6 st. of 4 1., and entitled, " The All-seeing God," and again in all subsequent editions of the same work. It is given in various collections in Great Britain and America, principally in those for children, and sometimes in an abbreviated form. Orig. text in the Meth. S. S. H. Bh., 1879, No. 298. In one or two American collections it is attributed to Beddome in error. .Almighty God, Thy sovereign power. /. Julian. [Almsgiving.] Written for and 1st pub. in St. Mary's Ch. S. S. H. Bh., Preston, Lancashire, 1874, in 5 st. of 4 1. Almighty God, Thy word is cast. J. Cawood. [After Sermon.] Written about 1815, and 1st pub. in Cotterill's Sel.t 8th ed. 1819, No. 268, in 5 st. of 4 1., and given for use "After a Sermou" [s. mss.]. It was reprinted in Montgomery's Christ. Psal., 1825, No. 252. Prom that date it grew in importance as a congregational hymn, until its use has become extensive in all English-speaking countries, in some cases with the omission of one or more stanzas, and in others, with the addition of a doxology. Two texts, purporting to be the original, are extant. The first is that of Cotterill as above, from which the hymn has been taken in a more or less correct form until 1862, when the second was given from the original ms. in Lord Selborne's Bh. of Praise, 1862, p. 470, and Lyra Brit, 1867, p. 131. One of the best arrangements of the hymn is a slightly altered form of the latter in Taring's Coll., 1882, No. 151. Almighty God, to-night. J. M. Neale. [Evening.] A child's hymn at "Bedtime/1 pub. in his Hymns for Children, 1842, in 5 st. of 4 1., and again in later editions. In use in American Songs of Christian Praise, 1880. Almighty God, whose only Son. Sir H. W. Baher. [Missions.] Contributed to the App. to H. A. & M.t 1868, No. 357, in 7 st. of 4 1., and repeated iu the revised edition of 1875, and other collections. Almighty King, whose wondrous hand. W. Cowper. [Grace and Providence.] No. 81, Bk. iii., of the Olney Hymns, 1779, in 5 st. of 4 1., and entitled " Grace and Providence." It has not attained to the position of many cf Cowper's hymns, and is found in a few collections only, including Marti-neau's Hymnsf &c, 1840 and 1873. Almighty Lord and King. [God unchangeable.] An anonymous hymu in Dr. Alexander's Augustine H. Bh., 2nd ed. 1858. Almighty Maker, God! I. Watts. [Praise.] 1st pub. in his Horae Lyricae, 1706, in 11 st. of 4 1., and entitled «' Siucere Praise/' In its complete form it is unknown to the collections, but centos differing in length and arrangement, but nil opening with the first stanza, are found in numerous hymnals in G. Brit, and America. Almighty Maker, Lord of all. [Holiness.] This hymn is given in J. H. Thom'u Unitarian Hys., Chants & Anthems, 1858, No. 54 ALMIGHTY RULEll 433, as from " Bees's Col" i.e. Kippis's Coll of which Abraham Rees was one of the editors, 1795: No. 206, where it is given as from " Select Collection of 1756." Almighty Buler of the skies. I. Watts. [Ps. viii.] His l. m. paraph, of v. 1, 2, of Ps. viii., 1st pub. in his Psalms of David, 1719, in 5 st. of 4 1., and entitled " The Hosanna of the Children; or, Infants praising God." His explanation of the opening stanzas is given in a note thus:—" These two first verses are here paraphrased and explained by the history of the Children crying Hosanna to Christ, Matt. xxi. 15,16, where our Saviour cites and applies those words of the Psalmist." Although not of the first importance, it might be utilized as a hymn for Palm Sunday. Its use is limited. The New Cong., copying from the Leeds H. Bk., 1853, omits st. iii. and v. Almum flamen, vita mundi. [Whitsuntide.] This hymn is of unknown origin and date. It is in the Corolla Hymnorum, Cologne, 1806, p. 40. Daniel, ii p. 368, gives it in 7 st. of 9 1., without note or comment. It is not known to be in use in any liturgical work. LW. A. S.] Translation in C. U.:— lord of Eternal Sanctity. By E. Oaswall, 1st pub. in his Masque of Mary and other Poems, 1858, in 7 st. of 10 1., and again in his Hymns and Poems, 1873, p. 131. In this form it is not in C. U., but a cento, beginning with st. ii., " Come Thou, who dost the soul endue " (Veni, Spiritus Creator), was compiled for the Ilymnary, 1872, No. 329, and received the sanction of Mr. Cas-wall, shortly before his death (e. mss.). Another tr. not in C. U. is "Genial Spirit, earth's emotion," by Dr. Kynaston in his Occasional Hymns, 18G2. Alone! to land alone upon that shore. F. W. Faber. [Death.] Pub. in his Hymns, 1862, No. 148, in 10 st, of 6 1. From it'two centos are in C. U., both beginning with the same first lino as above, and altered throughout; the first being No. 6 in the Scottish Ibrox Hymnal, 1871, and the secoud, No. 909, in the Bapt. Hymnal, 1879. Altenburg, Johann Michael, b. at Alach, near Erfurt, on Trinity Sunday, 1584. After completing his studies he was for some time teacher and precentor in Erfurt. In 1608 he was appointed pastor of Ilversgehofen and Marbach near Erfurt; in 1611, of Troch-telborn; and in 1621 of Gross-Sommern or Som-merda near Erfurt. In the troublous war times he was forced, in 1631, to flee to Erfurt, and there, on the news of the victory of Leipzig, Sept. 17, 1631, he composed his best known hymn. He remained in Erfurt without a charge till, in 1637, he was appointed diaconus of the Augustino Church, and, in 1638, pastor of St. Andrew's Church. He d. at Erfurt February 12, 1640 (Koch, iii. 115-117 ; Allg. Deutsche Biog., i. p. 363, and x. p. 766—the latter saying he did not go to Erfurt till 1637). He was a good musician, and seems to have been the composer of the melodies ALTENBURG, J. M. rather than of the words of some of the hymns ascribed to him. Two of his hymns have been tr. into English, viz. :— 1. Aus Jakob's Staxnm ein Stern sehr klar. [Christmas.'] Included as No. 3 of his Christ-liche liebliche und anddchtige newe Kirchen- und Hauss-Gestinge, pt. i., Erfurt, 1G20, in 3 st. of 5 1. According to Wetzel's A. H., vol. i., pt. v. p. 41, it was first pub. in J. Forster's Jlohen Festtags-Schreinlein, 1611. In the Unv. L. 8., 1851, No. 24. It has been tr. as " From Jacob's root, a star so clear," by Miss Manington, 1864, p. 13. 2. Verzage nicht du Hauflein klein. [In Trouble.'] Concerning the authorship of this hymn there are three main theories—i. that it is by Gustavus Adolphus; ii. that the ideas are his and the diction that of his chaplain, Dr. Jacob Fabricius; and iii. that it is by Altenburg. In tracing out the hymn we find that:— The oldest accessible form is in two pamphlets published shortly after the death of Gustavus Adolphus, viz., the Epicedion, Leipzig, n.d. but probably in the end of 1632 [Royal Library, Berlin]: and Arnold Mengering's Blutige Siegs-Crone, Leipzig, 1633 [Town Library, Hamburg]. In the Epicedion the hymn is entitled, " Konig-licher Schwanengesang So ihre Majest. vor dem Ltltzen-schen Treffen inniglichen zu Gott gesungen "; and in the Siegs-Crone, p. 13, "Der S. Kon. Mayt. zu Schweden Lied, welches Sie vor der Schlacht gesungen." In both cases there are 3 sts. :— i. Verzage nicht, du Hiiuffiein klein. ii. Triistedich dess, dass deine Sach. iii. So wahr Gott Gott ist, und sein Wort. The next form is that in J. Clauder's Psalmodiae Novae Pars Tertia, Leipzig, 1636, No. 17, in 5 st. of 6 lines, st. i.-iii. as above, and— iv. Ach Gott gieb in des deine Gnad v. Hilff dass wir auch nach deinem Wort. No author's name is given. In the Bayreuth G. B.t 1668, p. 266, st. iv., v., are marked as an addition by Dr. Samuel Zehner; and by J. C. Olearius in his Lieder-Schatz, 1705, p. 141, as written in 1638 (1633 ?), when the Croats had partially burnt Schleusiugen, where Zehner was then superintendent. The third form of importance is that given in Jcremias Weber's Leipzig G. 2?., 1638, p. 651, where it is entitled " A soul-rejoicing hymn of Consolation upon the watchword—God with us—used by the Evangelical army in the battle of Leipzig, 7th Sept., 1631, composed by M. Johann Altenburg, pastor at Gross Soinmern in Dtiringen," [i.e. Sommerda in Thuringia]. It is in 5 sts., of which sts. i.-iii. are the same as the 1633, and are marked as by Altenburg. St. iv., v., beginning— iv. Drilmb sey getrost du kleines Heer v. Amen, das hilff Ilerr Jesu Christ, are marked as " Additamentum Ignoti." This is tho form in C. U. as in the Berlin G. L. S., ed. 1863, No. 1242. In favour of Altenburg there is the explicit declaration of the Leipzig G. /?., 1638, followed by most subsequent writers. The idea that the hymn was by Gustavus Adolphus seems to have no other foundation than that in many of the old hymn-books it was called Gustavus Adolphus's Battle Hymn. The theory that the ideas were communicated by the King to his chaplain, Dr. Fabricius, after the battle of Leipzig, and by Fabricius versified, is maintained by Mohnike in his Hymnologische Forschungen, 1832, pt. ii. pp. 55-98, but rests on very slender evidence. In Koch, viii. 138-141, there is the following striking word-picture:— If, then, we must deny to the hymn Albert Knapp's characterisation of it as " a little feather from the eagle wing of Gustavus Adolphus," so much the more its original title as his "Swan Song" remains true. It was on the morning of the T°,f Nov., 1632, that the Catholic army under Wallenstein and the Evangelical under Gustavus Adolphus stood over against each other at LUtzen ready to strike. As the morning dawned Gustavus Adolphus summoned his Court preacher Fabricius, and commanded him, as also the army chaplains of all the other regiments, to hold a service of prayer. During this service the whole host sung the pious king's battle hymn— " Verzage nicht, du Hauflein klein." ALTUS PBOSATOR He himself was on his knees and prayed fervently. Meantime a thick mist had descended, which hid the fatal field so that nothing could be distinguished. When the host had now been set in battle array he gave them as watchword for the fight the saying, « God with us," mounted his horse, drew his sword, and rode along the lines of the army to encourage the soldiers for the battle. First, however, he commanded the tunes Ein feste Burg and JSt wollt tins Gott genadig tein to be played by the kettledrums and trumpets, and the soldiers joined as with one voice. The mist now began to disappear, and the sun shone through. Then, after a short prayer, he cried out: " Now will we set to, please God," and immediately after, very loud, " Jcsu, Jesu, Jesu, help me to-day to fight for the honour of Thy Holy Name." Then he attacked the enemy at full speed, defended only by a leathern gorget. " God is my harness," he had said to the servant who wished to put on his armour. The conflict was hot and bloody. About 11 o'clock in the forenoon the fatal bullet struck him, and he sank, dying, from his horse, with the words, MMy. God, my God!" Till twilight came on the fight raged, and was doubtful. But at length the Evangelical host obtained the victory, as it had prophetically sung at dawn." This hymn has ever been a favourite in Germany, was sung in the house of P. J. Spener every Sunday afternoon, and of late years has been greatly used at meetings of the Gustavus Adolphus Union—-an association for the help of Protestant Churches in Roman Catholic countries. In translations it has passed into many English and American collections. Translations in C. U.:— 1. Fear not, 0 little flock, the foe. A good tr. from the text of 1638, omitting st. iv., by Miss Winkworth, in her Lyra Ger., 1855, p. 17. Included, in England in Kennedy, 1863, Snepp's 8. of G. and G., 1871, Free Church H. Bk., 1882, and others; and in America in the Sabbath H. Ilk., 1858, Pennsylvania Luth. Ch. Bk., 1868, Hys. of the Church, 1869, Bapt. H. Bk., 1871, H. and Songs of Praise, 1874, and many others. 2. Be not dismay'd, thou little flock. A good tr. of st. i.-iii. of the 1638 text in Mrs. Charles's V. of Christian Life in Song, 1858, p. 248. She tr. from the Swedish, which, in the Swensha Psalm-liokcn, Carlstadt, N.D. (1866), is given as No. 378, "FSrfaras ej, du lilla hop I" and marked Gus-taf II. Adolf. Her version is No. 204 in Wilson's Service of Praise, 1865. 3. Thou little flock, be not afraid. A tr. of st. i.-iii. from the 1638 text, by M. Loy, in the Ohio Luth. Hymnal, 1880, No. 197. Other trs. are all from the text of 1638. (1.) " Be not dishearten'd, little flock," by Dr. II. Mills, 1856, p. 121. (2.) " Despond not, little band, although," by Dr. G. Walker, 1860, p. 41. (3.) "Be not dismay'd, thou little flock, Nor," by E. Massie, 1866, p. 143. (4.) " 0 little flock, be not afraid," in J. D. Burns's Memoir and Remains, 1869. p. 226. [J. M.] Altus Prosator, Vetustus. St Columba. This very curious hymn'was first made known to modern scholars by the late Dr. J. II. Todd, iu Fasc. ii. p. 205 of the Liber Hymnorum edited by him in 1869 for the Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society, where it is given with a prose translation by the editor. A rhymed version of this by Dr. W. Macllwaine is given in his Lyra Hibernica Sacra, Belfast, 1878, commencing, "The Father exalted, ancient of days, unbegotten," and the Latin text is reprinted in the Appx. thereto. In 1882 the Marquess of Bute issued a prose AMA2ING LOVE 55 version, together with the original text and valuable notes thereon ae The Altus of S. Columba, edited with Prose Paraphrase and Notes by John, Marquess of Bute, Edinb., Blackwood, 1882. [W. T. B.] Alway in the Lord rejoice. /. 8. B. Monsell. [Joy in the Lord.] Written in Italy and 1st pub. in his Spiritual Songs, 1857 and 1875, in 8 st. of 4 1. It is based on the Epistle for the 4th S. in Advent. It has not come into C. U. in G. Brit. In the Ainer. College Hyl.,K. Y., 1876, No. 314, st. i.-iv. and vii. are given with slight alteration. Am Grabe stehn wir stille. C. J. P. Spitta. [Burial of the Dead."] 1st pub. in Series i. of his Psalter und Harfe, Leipzig, 1833, p. 140 (ed. 1838, p. 155), in 6 st. of 4 1., entitled "At the Grave." Taken by his colleague, Pastor Borchers, as the text of his oration at Spitta's funeral, Sunday, Oct. 1, 1859 (Miinkel's Spitta, 1861, pp. 283-284). Included as No. 2918 in Kuapp's Ev. L. 8. ed. 1850. Translation in C. U. :— The precious seed of weeping. An excellent tr., as No. 98, by Miss Winkworth in her C. B. for England, 1863. Thence, unaltered, as No. 236 in Allon's Supp. Hymns, 1868, as No. 554 in the Pennsylvania Luth. Ch.Bk., 1808, and as No. 1010 in the American Meth. Episco. Hymnal, 1878. Other trs. are :— (1.) •' Now weeping at the grave we stand," by Mist Winkworth, 1858, p. 118. (2.) "Beside the dark grave standing," by M. Massie, 1860, p. 138. [J. M.] Am I a soldier of the Cross? 1. Watts. [Holy Fortitude.'] Appended to lite Sermons, pub. in 1721-24, in 3 vols., vol. iii., and intended to accompany a sermon on 1 Cor. xvi. 13. It is in 6 st. of 4 1., and entitled " Holy Fortitude." In Spurgeon's O. O. II. Bit., No. 671, st. v. and vi. are omitted, but the rest are unaltered. Orig full text in all editions of Watts's Works. In the New Cong., No. 623, it is given in an abbreviated and slightly altered form as — "Are ice the soldiers of the Cross ? " This is also found in Snepp's Songs of G. & G., 1872, and olher collections. It dates as early as the Leeds II. Bk., 1853. Tho American use of this hymn is extensive. Am I poor, do men despise me? [Contentment.'] An anonymous hymn from the American S. S. Union Collection, given in the Meth. F. C. S. 8. II. Bh., No. 268. Amazing grace, how sweet the sound. J.Newton. [Grace.'] No. 41,Bk.i. of tho Olney Hymns, 1779, in 6.st. of 4 L, entitled "Faith's Review and Expectation," and based upon i. Cbron. xviii. 16, 17. Iu G. Brit, it is unknown to modern collections, but in America its use is extensive. It is far from being a good example of Newton's work. Amazing love! transcendent grace. Joseph Irons. [Predestination.] 1st pub. in his Zion's Songs, (fee, 3rd ed. 1825, No. 146, and thence into Snepp's S. of G. & G.y 1872, No. 678, unaltered. 56 AMBROSIUS Ambrosius (St. Ambrose), second son and third child of Ambrosius, Prefect of the Gauls, was b. at Lyons, Aries, or Treves— probably the last—in 340 a.d. On the death of his father in 353 his mother removed to Rome with her three children. Ambrose went through the usual course of education, attaining considerable proficiency in Greek; and then entered the profession which his elder brother Satyrus had chosen, that of the law. In this he so distinguished himself that, after practising in the court of Probus, the Praetorian Prefect of Italy, he was, in 374, appointed Consular of Liguria and Aemilia. This office necessitated his residence in Milan. Not many months after, Auxentius, bishop of Milan, who had joined the Arian party, died; and much was felt to depend upon the person appointed as his successor. The church in which the election was held was so filled with excited people that the Consular found it necessary to take steps fur preserving the peace, and himself exhorted them to peace and order: when a voice suddenly exclaimed, "Ambrose is Bishop," and the cry was taken up on all sides. He was compelled to accept the post, though still only a catechumen; was forthwith baptized, and in a week more consecrated Bishop, Dec. 7, 374. The death of the Emperor Valentinian I., in 375, brought him into collision with Justina, Valentinian's second wife, an adherent of the Arian party: Ambrose was supported by Gratian, the elder son of Valentinian, and by Tlieodosius, whom Gratian in 379 associated with himself in the empire. Gratian was assassinated in 383 by a partisau of Maximus, and Ambrose was sent to treat with the usurper, a piece of diplomacy in which he was fairly successful. He found himself, however, left to carry on the contest with the Arians and the Empress almost alone. He and the faithful gallantly defended the churches which the heretics attempted to seize. Justina was foiled : and the advance of Maximus on Milan led to her flight, and eventually to her death in 388. It was in this year, or more probably the year before (387), that Ambrose received into the Church by baptism his great scholar Augustine, once a Manichaean heretic. Theodosius was now virtually head of the Roman empire, his colleague Valentinian II., Justina's son, being a youth _of only 17. In the early part of 390 the news of a riot at Thessalonica, brought to him at Milan, caused him to give a hasty order for a general massacre at that city, and his command was but too faithfully obeyed. On his presenting himself a few days after at the door of the principal church in Milan, he was met by Ambrose, who refused him entrance till he should have done penance for his crime. It was not till Christmas, eight months after, that the Emperor declared his penitence, and was received into communion again by the Bishop. Valentinian was murdered by Arbo-gastes, a Frank general, in 392; and the murderer and his puppet emperor Eugenius were defeated by Theodosius in 394. But the fatigues of the campaign told on the Emperor, and he died the following year. Ambrose preached his funeral sermon, as he had done that of Valentinian. The loss of these two AMBROSIUS friends and supporters was a severe blow to Ambrose ; two unquiet years passed, and then, worn with labours and anxieties, he himself rested from his labours on Easter Eve, 397. It was the 4th of April, and on that day the great Bishop of Milan is remembered by the Western Church, but Rome commemorates his consecration only, Dec. 7th. Great he was indeed, as a scholar, an organiser, a statesman; still greater as a theologian, the earnest and brilliant defender of the Catholic faith against the Arians of the West, just as Athanasius (whose name, one cannot but remark, is the same as his in meaning) was its champion against those of the East. We are now mainly concerned with him as musician and poet, "the father of Church song" as he is called by Grimm. He introduced from the East the practice of antiphonal chanting, and began the task, which St. Gregory completed, of systematizing the music of the Church. As a writer of sacred poetry he is remarkable for depth and severity. He does not warm with his subject, like Adam of St. Victor, or St. Bernard. "We feel," says Abp. Trench, " as though there were a certain coldness in his hymns, an aloofness of the author from his subject." A large number of hymns has been attri • buted to his pen; Daniel gives no fewer than 92 called Ambrosian. Of these the great majority (including one on himself) cannot possibly be his; there is more or less doubt about the rest. The authorities on the subject are the Benedictine ed. of his works, the Psalterium, or Hymnary,ot Cardinal Thoma-sius, and the Thesaurus Hymnohgicus of Daniel. The Benedictine editors give 12 hymns as assignable to him, as follows:— 1. Aeterna Christi munera. 2. Aeterne rerum Conditor. 3. Consors Paterni luminii. 4. Deus Creator omnium. 6. Fit porta Christi pervia, 6. Illuminans Altissimus. 7. Jam surgit hora tertia. 8. 0 Lux Beata Trinitas. 9. Orabo mente Dominum. 10. Somno refectis artubus. 11. Splendor Paternae gloriae. 12. Veni Redemptor gentium. Histories of these hymns, together with details of trs. into English, are given in this work, and may be found under their respective first lines. The Bollandists and Daniel are inclined to attribute to St. Ambrose a hymn, Grates tibi Jesu novas, on the finding of the relics of SS. Gervasius and Protasius. These, we know, were discovered by him in 386, and it is by no means unlikely that the bishop should have commemorated in verse an event which he announces by letter to his sister Marcellina with so much satisfaction, not to say exultation. A beautiful tradition makes the Te Deum laudamus to have been composed under inspiration, and recited alternately, by SS. Ambrose and Augustine immediately after the baptism of the latter in 387. But the story rests upon a passage which there is every reason to consider spurious, in the Chronicon of Dacius, Bp. of Milan in 550. There is nafcint of such an occurrence in the Confessir XJSt. Augustine, nor in Pauliuue's life of £?«.' Ambrose, AMEN TO ALL nor in any authentic writing of St. Ambrose himself. The hymn is essentially a compilation, and there is much reason to believe, with Merati, that it originated in the 5th cent, in the monastery of St. Honoratus at Lerins. [Te Deum.] [R. T.] Amen to all that God hath said. C. Wesley. [Divine Holiness, and Human Depravity.] Appeared in Hymns and Sacred Poems, 1742, in 36 st. of 4 1., in three parts, and entitled " Unto tho Angel of the Church of the Laodiceans." In 1780, J. Wesley compiled the following centos therefrom lor the Wes.H.Bk.:— 1. God of unspotted purity. Composed of st. iii., iv., v., vi., viii.-xi. of Part i. 2. 0 let us our own works forsake, of st. iii., viii., ix., x., of Part ii. 3. Saviour of all, to Thee we bow. Composed of st. i.-vi. of fart iii. All these centos have passed into numerous hymnals in G. Brit, and America. Orig. text in P. Works, 1868-72, vol. ii. p. 358. American Hymnody. Psalmody rather than Hymnody was the usage of America prior to 1800. The famous Bay Psalm Book, or New England Version of 1640, published at Cambridge, New England, by Stephen Day, was tho first volume printed in these Colonies; and from its rarity the few extant copies of the first edition are very highly valued. Isaiah Thomas, the founder of the American Antiquarian Society, supposed that " not less than seventy editions were printed in Boston, London, and Edinburgh/' The revision of that version by Thomas Prince in 1757 met with less favour (and is scarcer) than the original, which about that time began to be superseded by the Version of Tate & Brady. Of Tate & Brady's Version many editions, with Supplement of Hymns, mostly by Watts, were printed at Boston between 1750 and 1800. Towards tho end of the century numerous editions of Watts's Psalms and Hymns appeared, chiefly in New England, and continued to appear after the publication of the amended versions of Watts's Psalms, by Joel Barlow, in 1785, and Timothy Dwight, in 1800. Hymn-compiling began after the Revolution, and its course can best be followed under the headings of the several religious bodies. I. Protestant Episcopal Church. -— The Episcopal Church issued, in 1789, the Version of Tate & Brady with twenty-seven hymns, to which thirty more were added in 1808. These were superseded by an abridged version of the Psalms, mostly from Tate & Brady, in 1833, and a Collection of Hymns, numbering 212, published previously in 1827. The latter, entitled H. of the Prot. Episc. CJi. set forth in General Convention in the years 1789,1808, and 1826, and commonly known as the Prayer-Book Collection, except for its originals, hardly deserved the repute it long enjoyed. It continued to be used exclusively in the Sunday services for 35 years, and was bound up with the Prayer Book till 1871. AMERICAN HYMNODY 57 After 1861, in some dioceses Hymns Ancient and Modern, or one or two Selections from it or other sources, were allowed. In 1866, sixty-six Additional Hymns were put forth; and in 1871 the present Hymnal. This, although a great advance upon the Prayer Bk. Collection of 1826, does not compare favourably with the leading Anglican books of to-day. It was slightly revised* and not materially improved, in 1874. The voluntary system of the English Church with regard to Hymnody has unfortunately not been permitted to her American daughter, who is in consequence far behind in hymnic knowledge, activity, and taste. Of private collections which might be used at week-night services, &c, we may mention Dr. C. W. Andrews's Church Hymns, of 1844 and 1857, and Hymns for Church and Home, 1859-60. The latter did much in preparing the way for the Hymnal of 1871-4. II. Presbyterians.—This body, in common with the Congregationalists, for a long time used Watts chiefly. Their first official Psalms and Hymns appeared in 1828-29, and amended editions of it in 1830-1834, and in 1843. The Church Psalmist of 1843, with the Supplement of 1847, was long the chief manual of the New School body. Among prominent extant collections, the Presbyterian Hymnal, of 1874, is to be distinguished from the inferior Hymnal of the Presbyterian Church of 1867. Of books not put forth by authority, nor strictly denominational, and which have been used by Congregationalists and others as well as by Presbyterians, Leavitt's Christian Lyre of 1830-1 contained originals, and is of historic importance. The same is true of Thomas Hastings's Spiritual Songs, 1831, 2, 3, in which the hymns of the three leading American writers—Hastings, Ray Palmer, and S. F. Smith—first appeared. Dr. C. S. Robinson's Songs for the Sanctuary, 1865, and his Spiritual Songs, 1878, aim rather at popular usefulness than literary accuracy, and have won great success. On the other hand, The Sacrifice of Praise, 1869, was carefully edited with notes. The late Dr. E. F. Hatfield, one of the leading hymnological scholars of America, produced in The Church Hymn Book, 1872, a work exceptionally trustworthy for texts, dates, and ascriptions of authorship. No less valuable in these respects is Hymns & Songs of Praise, published in 1874 by Drs. Hitchcock, Eddy, and Schaff; these three eminent compilers having expended on it much care, skill, and taste. These two books, though not so widely circulated as some others, are essential to every hymnic library. III. Congregationalists.—The first Congregational compilation which shewed thought and research was the Hartford Selection of 1799—by Nathan Strong and others—a work of unusual merit for its day. It contained many originals, as did also Nettle-ton's Village Hymns, 1824, which was long and widely used, and exerted an influence of considerable importance. Its Missionary Hymns, then a new feature, were numerous, and drawn largely from Hymns for the Monthly Concert, Andover, 1823, an important but 58 AMERICAN HYMNODY almost unknown tract l>y L. Bacon (q. v.). Worcester's Watts's, and Select Hymns, 1823, long held a prominent place. So did Mason and Greene's Church Psalmody, 1831. Bacon's Supplement to Dwight, 1833, kept DwighVs Watts in use till the Connecticut Congregational Psalms and Hymns appeared in 1845. Abner Jones compiled Melodies of the Church in 1832, and his son Darius E. Jones, Temple Melodies, in 1851, and Songs of the New Life, 1809. Mr. H. W. Beecher's Plymouth Collection, 1855, represented the original mind of its editor, and has many points of interest. The Sabbath Hymn Book, 1858, prepared by Professors Park and Phelps of Andover, though careless in authorship and texts, was the most attractive and valuable of American hymnals to its date. Elias Nason's Congregational Hymn Booh, 1857, and sundry others of lesser note, appeared in Boston. The year 1880 marks the reaction from the excessive bulk of 1200 to 1500 hymns to about 600 in the Oberlin (Ohio) Manual of Praise, Mr. C. H. Richards's Soncfs of Christian Praise, and Hall and Lasar's Evangelical Hymnal. The last named shows a new departure no less in its large use of recent material and following of English models, than in the admirable carefulness of its editing, and in a biographical index, covering thirty-three double columns, of authors, translators, and composers. The index is based upon that compiled by Major Crawford and the Rev. J. A. Eberle for the Irish Ch, Hymnal, 1876, IV. Baptists.—The Baptists soon abandoned the exclusive use of Psalms, and commenced the compilation of independent collections of hymns. A Philadelphia Collection of theirs, published in 1790, cites one of Newport, Rhode Island, still eorlier. Of Joshua Smith's Divine Hymns, a ninth edition bears date 1799. In New York, too, John Stanford issued a collection of 200, chiefly from Rippon, in 1792, and gave authors' names. The Boston Collection, 1808, Parkinson's, 1S0D-17, and Maclays, 1810, were of note, and Winchell's Arrangement of Watts, with Supplement, 1817-32, had a great sale. The Psalmist by Baron Stow and S. F. Smith, published in 1843, was an exemplary work, and met with general acceptance throughout the north, as did Manly's Baptist Psalmody, 1850, in the south. The Baptist Harp, 1849, and Devotional Hymnal of 1864, are of some iinpoitance. A great many 32mos. and 48mos. of revivalistic character—the Virginia Selection, Dover Selection, Mercer's Chester, &c.— have been in use. Of more sober type is Lins-ley and Da vis's Select Hymns, 1836. The leading books to-day are the Baptist Hymn Booh, Praise Booh, and tho Service of Song, all of 1871. In addition to purely Baptist collections, editions of the chief Congregational Collections for the use of Baptists have had an extensive sale. These include the Church Psalmody of Mason and Greene, the Plymouth Collection of H. W. Beecher, and The Sabbath Hymn Booh of Park and Phelps. Collections by Free Will Baptists appeared in 1832 and 1858, and by The Old School, or Primitive Baptists in 1836 and 1858. The older of the two Baptist sects calling themselves Chbis- AMERICAN HYMNODY tians, made a large beginning in 1805 with the collection of Elias Smith and Abner Jones. Of their later collections the most noteworthy is the Christian Hymn Booh, Boston, 1863. The other body of this name has its strength in the South and West. It has used a book compiled by its founder, Alexander Campbell, and another published at Dayton, Ohio. V. Methodists.—American Methodists used, at first a Pocket Hymn Booh (a reprint of that by Spence which was attacked by J. Wesley), the 10th ed. of which appeared in 1790, and the 27th in 1802. In 1802 it was revised by Coke and Asbury. The latter issued a Supplement to it in 1810. In 1836 an official book, excluding all others for Sunday services, was issued, and another in 1849. These were displaced by the Methodist Hymnal, 1878. The Southern Methodist Episcopal Hymns of 1847 took less liberties with the texts, and adhered more closely to John Wesley's great collection than its Northern successor. The Methodist Protestant body has had 'three hymn-books, published respectively in 1837, 1859, and 1871. The Wes-leyan Methodists and the African Methodists also use compilations of their own. Many books, Methodist in character if not in name, and adapted to camp-meetings and the like, came out about the beginning of the century and later, containing effusions, not a few of which had certain rude and fervid elements of poetic merit. Eminent among these was a Baltimore Collection of about 1800, several pieces from which are still in use. This type is now represented by the numerous Gospel Songs, &c, of America, and Sacred Songs and Solos (Sankey) in England, which are indeed spiritual songs, rather than hymns; having immense temporary popularity and influence, but are rather Jonah's gourds than plants of permanent standing in the song-garden. Tho splendid provision, both in quantity find quality, made by Charles Wesley, seeing, hero as in England, to have deterred those who followed his views and methods from attempting to produce serious hymns after his pattern in any considerable measure. VI. Universalists.—The Univeisalists have been very active, and their activity, began very early. In 1792 they issued two ool-lections, that of Richards (q. v.) and Lane, in Boston, and one in Philadelphia. In 1808 appealed 415 Hymns composed by different authors (Hosea Ballon, Abner Knee-land, and four others) at the request of the General Convention of Universalists, an inferior work, as works produced under such circumstances usually are. Among later books are those of Ballou and Turner, i821; S. and It. Streeter, 1829 ; Hosea Ballon, second collection, 1837; Adams & Chapiu's Hymns for Christian Devotion, 1846 ; /. G. Adams, 1861 ; and Prayers and Hymns, 1868. All these contain originals. VII. Unitarians.—The Unitarians have been still more prolific in compiling, and in composing nearly as much so, but not in the same perfunctory way, and with far greater success. Possessing a large share of the best blood and brain in the most cultivated section of AMERICAN HYMNODY America, they exhibit a long array of respectable hymnists whose effusions have often won the acceptance of other bodies, and must be largely represented in these pages. Special service has been done at home by Dr. A. P. Putnam, of Brooklyn, whose admirable Singers and Songs of the Liberal Faith (1875), though a large volume, docs not exhaust the subject, but is to be supplemented by another. Amongst their most notable collections, usually from Boston, are Belknaps, 1795; SewalVs (New York), 1820; Greenwood's, 1830-35; that of the Cheshire Association (Connt.), 1844; Dr. J. F. Clarice's, 1844-55; Drs. Hedge & Huntington's, 1853; S. Longfellow and S. Johnson's Book of Hymns, 1846-48, and Hymns of the Spirit, 1864; and the Unitarian Hymn Book, 1869. The last is the most widely used, but is by no means the one of most marked character, careful editing, or general literary merit. VIII. Boman Catholic—The Roman Catholic Church in tho United States has done nothing worthy of mention, unless the reprint, with additions, of E. Caswall's Lyra Catholica of 1849 be regarded as a selection for congregational purposes. IX. Lutherans,—-Snch Lutherans ao in the latter part of the 18th cent, used tho English tongue were supplied by the pious efforts of Dr. Kunze, 1795, of Strebeck, 1797, and of Williston, 1806; and later by the various collections of tho Tennessee, Ohio, and General Synods; by those of the New York Miuisterium, 1814-34; and by tho Minis-terium of Pennsylvania, 1865. The latter, prepared with unusual care, was revised in 186$ as the Church Book of the General Council. X. Reformed Dutch.—The Reformed Dutch, now the "Reformed" body, had their own version of tho Psalms as early as 1767, and issued successive collections of Psalms and Hymns, in 1789,1814,1831, and 1850. These were superseded and greatly improved upon by their Hymns of the Church, 1869. XI. German Reformed.—This body, which in common with the Reformed Dutch has of late dropped from its title all that indicated its distinctive origin, has produced or included one or two hymnists, but no collection of note. XII. The productions of several small denominations— Adventists, United Brethrent &c.— offer no special claim to notice beyond the fact that the collections of the Moravians are mainly based upon those of England, and that those of Monnondom might fill a chapter as literary curiosities, but cannot be considered here. XIII. Comparatively few American hymnists have collected their verses in book form. Thus, in many cases, the only way, and that an insecure one, of indicating the original text of any hymn is by referring to the place of first publication so far as known. The number of such authors of hymns, and it may be added of compilations, is fur greater than would be supposed by those who have not carefully studied the subject, and hitlierto it has been inadequately treated. C. D. Cleveland's Lyra Sacra Americana, 1868, by no means covers the ground. This is the more to be regretted, as that work has become the AMERICAN HYMNODY 59 text book for the higher American hynmody of the hymnal compilers of Great Britain. Mr. Rider's Lyra Americana is but a meagre and random selection. In the present work it is designed to mention, though with inevitable baldness and brevity, all writers and hymns that have made any extended and lasting mark, including some lyrics, out of a number unduly largo, that unfortunately are anonymous. The books'chiefly, though by no means exclusively, taken as a basis for this survey, are the following; together with the total number of hymns in each, and the number embraced in each total of hymns of a purely American origin, tho percentage being about one in seven. Hymnals. Prayer Book Coll., 1826 . Episcopal Hymnal, 1871. Methodist Episcopal H., 1849 Methodist Hymnal, 1878 Baptist Psalmist, 1843 . Baptist Hymn Bk., 1871 . Baptist Praise Bk., 1871. Baptist Service of Song, 1871 Plymouth Collection, 1855 Sabbath Hymn Bk., 1853 Robinson's S. for Sanctuary, 1865 Hatfield's Ch. Hymn Bk., 1872 Hitchcock's Collection, 1874 Presbyterian Hymnal, 1874 Reformed Hys. of the Ch., 1800 Oberlin Manual, 1880 C. II. Richards's Coll., 1880 Evang. Hymnal, 1880 Total Hymns. 212 520 1148 1117 1180 1000 1311 1129 1374 1290 1344 1464 1416 972 1007 595 660 613 American Hymns. 21 40 50 140 175 162 290 100 250 180 245 160 190 108 146 110 140 28 XIV. The English use of American hymns has been, until recent years, very limited, and mainly confined to the older collections of the English Nonconformists, and the Unitarian Hymnals. In the two hundred and fifty hymns of the higher order of merit in American hymnody, which are now in common use in Great Britain, are found choice selections from all the leading denominations in the States, and ranging from the earliest productions of President Davies to the latest of Dr. Ray Palmer and Bishop Coxe. The marked success which has attended the few translations from the Latin and German that have been embodied in English Hymnals attests their merit, and indicates a wealth of hymnic power in our midst which should be more fully developed and utilized. In Great Britain the noblest forms of American Hymnody are known to the few ,* whilst the Gospel Songs of our re-vivalistic schools are tho mainstay of similar efforts in the mother country. Our review is materially increased by this extensive use of the more ephemeral form of our hymnody; success compelling attention where literary merit has failed to do so. XV. The alphabetical arrangement required by a Dictionary precludes that grouping of the American work which would best set forth its nature and extent. In this Dictionary tho hymns are annotated under their respective author's names. To assist, however, in ascertaining the full extent of American Hymnody, the subjoined synopsis, arranged in Denominational and Chronological order, has been compiled:— 60 AMERICAN HYMNODY Synopsis of American Hymnody. 1. Protestant Episcopal Church. Alexander Viets Griswold, D.D. . Francis Scott Key . . . John De Wolf .... Henry Ustic Onderdonk, D.D. Sarah J. Hale .... Wm. Augustus Muhlenberg, D.D. James Wallis Eastburn George Washington Doane, D.D. . William Croswell, D.D. William R. Whittingham, D.D. . Roswell Park, D.D. GeoTge Burgess, D.D. . Charles William Everest, M.A. . Harriett E. B. Stowe . Christopher Christian Cox, M.D. . John Williams, D.D. . Arthur Cleveland Coxe, D.D. • Edward A. Washburn, D.D. Frederick D. Huntington, D.D. . Eliza Scudder .... AMERICAN HYMNODY 1766-1843 1719-1843 1786-1862 1789-1858 1795-1879 1796-1879 1797-1819 1799-1859 1804-1851 1805-1879 1807-1869 1809-1866 1814-1877 1812 1816-1882 1817 1818 1819-1881 1819 1821 Presbyterians. SamsonOccom .... 1723-1792 Samuel Davies .... 1723-1761 Thomas Hastings, Mus. Doc. . 1784-1872 Josiah Hopkins, D.D. . . . 1786-1862 Henry Mills, D.D. . . . 1786-1867 Nathan S. S. Beman, D.D. . . 1786-1871 David Nelson, M.D. . . .1793-1844 Jane L. Gray .... 1796-1871 James W. Alexander, D.D. . . 1804-1859 Edwin F. Hattield, D.D. . . 1807-1883 Joseph A. Alexander, D.D. . . 1809-1860 Alfred A. Woodhull, D.D. . . 1810-1836 Deodatus Dutton, Jun. . cir. 1810-1832 Thomas Mackellar . . .1812 George Duflield, Jun., D.D. . . 1816 Elizabeth Lee Smith . . . 1817 Elizabeth Prentiss . . . 1818-1878 Robert Morris, LL.D. . . . 1818 Philip Schaff, D.D. . . .1819 Anson D. F. Randolph . . . 1820 Aaron Robarts Wolfe . . . 1821 Charles S. Robinson, D.D. . . 1829 Hervey Doddridge Ganse . . 1822 Catherine H. Johnson. 3. Congregationalists. Mather Byles, D.D. . . . 1706-1788 Nathan Strong, D.D. . . . 1748-1816 Timothy Dwight, D.D. . . . 1752-1817 Joel Barlow.....1755-1812 Phoebe Hinsdale Brown. . . 1783-1861 Asahel Nettleton, D.D. . . 1783-1843 William Allen, D.D. . . . 1784-1868 Charles Jenkins . . . .1786 Thomas H. Gallaudet, LL.D. . 1787-1851 Emma C. Williams . . . 1787-1870 Leonard Withington, D.D. . . 1789 Eleazar T. Fitch, D.D. . . . 1791-1871 Augustus L. Hillhouse . . 1792-1859 William Mitchell. . . . 1793-1867 William B. Tappan . . . 1794-1849 John G. C. Brainerd . . . 1796-1828 Joseph Steward . . . cir. 1799 Abby Bradley Hyde . . . 1729-1872 Thomas C. Upham, D.D. . . 1799-1872 Jared B. Waterbury, D.D. . . 1799-1876 William Cutter . . . . 1801-1867 Leonard Bacon, D.D. . . . 1802-1881 Nehemiah Adams. . . .1806 George Barrell Cheever, D.D. . 1807 Ray Palmer, D.D. . . .1808 Daniel C. Colesworthy • . . 1810 Russell Sturgis Cook ... . 1811-1864 Ellas Nason.....1811 George N. Allen .... 1812-1877 Samuel Wolcott, D.D. . . . 1813-1886 Charles Beecher . . . .1815 Zachary Eddy, D.D. J . . . 1815 Mary Torrey . . . .1817-1869 James Henry Bancroft . . . 1819-1844 Leonard Swain, D.D. . . . 1821-1869 Henry Martyn Dexter, D.D. . .1821 Jeremiah E. Rankin, D.D. . .1828 Horatio R. Palmer, Mus. Doc. . 1834 4. Baptists. Philip Bliss . Caroline L. Smith . Thomas Baldwin, D.D. . John Leland Oliver Holden Robert T. Daniel . Adoniram Judson, D.D. Lydia Sigourney . Benjamin Cleveland Joseph Belcher, D.D. . Nathaniel Colver, D.D. James Davis Knowles . Sarah B. Judson . John Newton Brown, D.D. George Barton lde, D.D. Samuel F. Smith, D.D. . Lydia Baxter Robert Turnbull, D.D. . Henry S. Washburn Sewell S. Cutting, D.D. Sidney Dyer Jacob R. Scott . Edmund Turney, D.D. . Sylvanus D. Phelps, D.D. James N. Winchell . Maria F. Anderson Basil Manly, Jun., D.D. William McDonald Edwin T. Winkler, D.D. Robert Lowry, D.D. Enoch W. Freeman Christopher R. Blackall, M.D. W. H. Doane Joseph Henry Gilmore . Stephen P. Hill . Gurdon Robins . • II. C. Ayres. Will. E. Witter . Mary Ann Baker. S. A. Collins. 5. Methodists. Hannah Flagg Gould . George Perkins Morris . Thomas H. Stockton, D.D. Samuel Y. Harmer William Hunter, D.D. . David Creamer Thomas 0. Summers, D.D. Elvina M. Hall . Fanny J. Van Alstyne . Robert A. West . Harriett A. Phillipi . 6. TJniversalists. James Freeman, D.D. . George Richards . Hosea Ballou Abner Kneeland . John Greenleaf Adams . Edwin Hubbeli Chapin, D.D. J. H. Hanaford 7. Unitarians. John Quincey Adams . James Flint. D.D. John Pierpont Andrews Norton, D.D. . Eliza Lee Follen . Sarah White Livermore Samuel Gilman, D.D. . Nathaniel L. Frothingham. D.D. Henry Ware, Jun., D.D. Caroline Gilman . William Cullen Bryant. William B. O. Peabody, D.D.. William H. Furness, D.D. Ralph Waldo Emerson . Thomas Gray, Jun., M.D. William P. Lunt, D.D. . Frederick H. Hedge, D.D. Henry W. Longfellow . Sarah E. Miles . Stephen G. Bulfinch, D.D. Oliver W. Holmes, M.D. Edmund H. Sears, D.D. . Sarah M. Marchesa Ossoli Theodore Parker . Chandler Robbins, D.D. James F. Clarke, D.D. . Abiel Abbot Livermore . 1838-1876 cir. 1852 . 1753-1825 . 1754-1841 . 1765-1844 . 1773-1840 . 1788-1850 . 1791-1865 Cir. 1792-. 1794-1859 . 1794-1870 . 1798-1838 . 1803-1845 . 1803-1868 . 1806-1872 . 1808 . 1809-1874 . 18( 9-1877 . 1813 . 1813-1882 . 1814 Cir. 1815-1861 . 1816-1872 . 1816 cir. 18W . 1819 cir. 1820 • 1820 . 1823 . 1826 cir. 1829 . 1830 . 1831 . 1831 Cir. 1836 . 1813-1883 Cir. 1849 . 1854 1789-1865 1802-1864 1808-1868 1809 1811-1877 1812 1812-1882 1818 1823 1849 1808 cir. 1759-1835 , 1755-1816 1771-1852 1774-1844 1810 1814-1880 1767-1848 1779-1855 1785-1866 1786-1853 1787-1860 1789-1874 1791-1858 1793-1870 1794-1843 1794 1794-1878 1799-1847 1802 1803-1882 1803-1849 1805-1857 1805 1807-1883 1807 1809-1870 1809 1810-1876 1810-1850 1810-1860 1810-1882 1810 1811 AMERICAN HYMNODY AMPLEST GRACE 61 Robert Cassle Walerstorl. 1812William H Burl igh .. 1812-1871Jones Very .. 1813-1880Charles Timothy Brook*t. 1813Lucy E. Akerman.. 1816-1874Samuel Longfellow. 1819James Russell Lowell. 1819Samuel Johnson .1822-1882Octavius B. Frothingbara1822Inward Everett Hale1822Thomas W. Hipginson1823William H. Hulbert1827William J. Loring.Joseph P. Bartrum.8. Reformed Dutch.George W. Bethune, D.D. .1805-1862Sarah E.York1819-1851Alexander R. Thompson, D.D.18229. German Reformed.KdwinH.Nevin,D.D. .1814Henry Harbaugb, D.D.1817-186710. Various.Henry Alline1748-1784Samuel J. Smith .1771-1835Lucius M. Sargent1786-1867William Russell .1798-1873James Gilborne Lyons, LL.D.C 1800-1868Erastus G. Benedict, LL.D. .1800-1880Charles Dexter Cleveland, LL.D. .1802-1869John Greenleaf Whittier1807Martha Cooke .1807-1874William G. Clark1810-1841Mary S. B. Shindler (Dana) .1810Alice Cary . .1820-1871Anna Warner . . .C. 1822Phoebe Cary. . . . •1824-1871Robinson Porter Dunn, D.D.1825-1867Lucy Ijarcom . .1826Grace Webster Hinsdale1832Emily Miller .1833Annie Hawks . . . .1835Caroline W. Sewall [or Seward]C. 1836Margaret Elizabeth Winslow1836Isaac Beverley Woodbury .1819-1858Emma Campbell .C. 1863Frances Mace .1852Harriet McEwan Kimball .C. 1866Ellen E. Gates.To any one desirous of grasping the whole subject of American Hymnody, the foregoing synopsis will be of value. By reading the various articles in the chronological order given, the rise and growth of the hymnological literature of the various denominations may be determined, and the relative importance of each writer can be ascertained. XVI. In conclusion I would add that nothing like an adequate survey of the field of American Hymnody has been attempted, within my knowledge, until now. I haye aimed to mention every hymn of native origin which has come into at all extended use, and to give some account of the writer of each. The material has been gathered from all quarters, and, of course, under difficulties. I cannot hope to have attained absolute accuracy or completeness, though the effort in their direction has been strenuous. The limits assigned to the American portion of this Dictionary necessitated severe compression, and gave room for little beyond the dryest facts, names, dates, titles, and first lines. But these annotations when taken together can hardly have failed to notice any author or hymn whose merit has been generally or widely recognized; and they will make it apparent that the subject is larger than would be suspected by those by whom it has not been Studied. Acknowledgments are due to Dr. Ray Palmer, Bishop Coxe, nnd several moie of the authors here mentioned, and to the representatives of some now deceased; to Dr. R. D. Hitchcock, President of the Union Theological Seminary, New York; to the late Dr. E. F. Hatfield, of New York; to Mr. Hubert P. Main, of the firm of Biglow and Main; to David Creamer, Esq., of Baltimore, the pioneer of hymnology in America; and to others, for help kindly given in the preparation of these Notes, and the Annotations on American hymns and hymn-writers throughout this Dictionary. [P. M. B.] Amidst the cheerful bloom of youth. [Youth for God.'] An anonymous hymn in the American Presb. Ps. & Hys., 1843, and the American Presb. Ps. & Hys. for the Worship of God, Richmond, 1867, in 5 st. of 4 1. Amidst the mighty, where is he. John Morison. [Cross and Consolation,'] 1st appeared as No. 29 in the Draft Scottish Translations and Paraphrases, 1781, as a version of Lam. hi. 37-40, in 4 st. of 4 lines. The only variation in the public worship edition issued in that year by the Ch. of Scotland and still in use is from pine to clothes in st. ii., 1.2. In the markings by the eldest daughter of W. Cameron (q.v.) ascribed to Morison. From the 1781 it has passed into a few modern hymnals, and is included as No. 286 in Kennedy, 1863, slightly altered. [J. M.] Amidst Thy wrath, remember love. I. Watts. IPs. xxxviii.] 1st pub. in his Psalms of David, 1719, in 10 st. of 4 1., with the title " Guilt of Conscience and Relief; or Repentance and Prayer for Pardon and Health." Various arrangements of stanzas are given in modern hymnals, no collection repeating it in its full form. In America it is generally known as " Amid Thy wrath," &c. Amidst us our Beloved stands. O. H. Spurgeon. [Holy Communion.] Written for and 1st pub. in his O. O. H. Bh. 1866. It is in one or two American collections. Amilie Juliane. [Emilie Juliane.] Among the deepest shades of night. Ann Gilbert, nee Taylor. [A Child's Hymn.] Appeared in Hymns for Infant Minds, by J. and A. Taylor, 1810, in 5 st. of 4 1., and entitled " Thou God seest me." It is found in various collections for children. Orig. text in Stevenson's H. for Ch. and Home, with " to hell" for "in hell," st. iv., 1.1. It is sometimes given as " Amongst the deepest shades." Amplest grace with Thee I find. A. M. Toplady. [Christmas.] 1st pub. in his Poems on Sacred Subjects, Dublin, 1759, pp. 73-4, in 8 st. of 4 1., and headed " On the Birth of Christ." Although not in C. U. in G. Britain, it has passed into a few American collections, and usually in an abbreviated form. Orig. text in Sedgwick's reprint of Toplady's P. Works, Lond., 1860. [W. T. B.1 62 ANA2TA2EH2 'HMEPA 3Avaardcrecos fjfiipa. This is the first of eight Odes which form the great hymn commonly known as •' The Golden Canon, or The Queen of Canons/'of St. John of Damascus. The Odes alternate with those of St. Cosmas in the Greek Office for Easter Day in the Pentecostarion, and each is sung in order in the service as appointed therein. The date of its composition was probably the middle of the eighth century, St. John having died about A.r>. 780. The design of the series of Odes which constitute the Canon is to set forth the fact of the Kesurrection, its fulfilment of ancient types and figures and prophecies, and the benefits which it has brought to mankind; out of which arises the call for praise and thanksgiving. This is accomplished in the following manner:— Ode i. The fact of the Resurrection; a new Passover; therefore rejoice, iii. This is the New River from the Rock: and the New Light, iv. This is the Salvation seen by Ilabakkuk, the male that opens the womb, the yearling Lamb, the Antitype of the ark; therefore, rejoice, v. He is Risen, bring praises, not ointments; haste to meet the Bridegroom, vi. Ho has broken from Hades, and with it has brought freedom to man. vii. He came from the fiery furnace like the Holy Three, the Holy Women found Him, therefore keep the Festival, viii. Yea, on this morn of praise, taste the vine's new fruit, and keep the Festival, ix. Arise, shine! praise Him, thou New Jerusalem, He is ours to the end; we therefore praise Thee, " 0 Christ, our Pascha." Although a complete Greek Canon consists of nine Odes, only eight are given in this Canon for Easter, and in other Canons of the great Festivals. By a rigid rule the Odes must follow the order and keynote of nine Scripture Canticles, one, for example, being the Bcnedicite, and another Jonah's prayer. No. ii. Canticle is of a severe and threatening character, and is therefore omitted from Festival Canons. Hence the omission of an Ode based thereupon in this Canon for Easter; and why (as in the Canon for Christmas Day) Ode ii. is also missing. (See Greek Hymnody, § xvi. 11, and Xpiarbs yevvara'i for the series of Canticles.) The complete Office, as sung in the Greek Church every Easter Day, was included by Dr. Littledale in his Offices from the Service Boohs of the Holy Eastern Church, 1863, pp. 86-97, together with a literal tr., pp. 209-224. The Canon is also found in the Abbe Migne's Patrologia, torn. xciv. p. 839. Dr. Neale introduces his tr. in his Hys. of the Eastern Church with the quotation of a most striking and eloquent description of an Easter morning in Athens, when, with great rejoicing, this Canon is sung:— " As midnight approached, the Archbishop, with his priests, accompanied by the King and Queen, left the church, and stationed themselves on the platform, which was raised considerably from the ground, so that they were distinctly seen by the people. Everyone now remained in breathless expectation, holding their un-lighted tapers in readiness when the glad moment should arrive, while the priests still continued murmuring their melancholy chant in a low half-whisper. Suddenly a single report of a cannon announced that twelve o'clock had struck, and that Easter day had begun; then the old Archbishop, elevating the cross, exclaimed in a loud exulting tone, • Christos anesti, Christ is risen!' and instantly every single individual of all that host took up the cry, and the vast multitude broke through and dispelled for ever the intense and mournful silence which they had maintained so long, with one spontaneous shout of indescribable joy and triumph, 4 Christ 'HMEPA is risen! Christ is risen!' At the same moment, the oppressive darkness was succeeded by a blaze of light from thousands of tapers, which, communicating one from another, seemed to send streams of fire in all directions, rendering the minutest objects distinctly visible, and casting the most vivid glow on the expressive faces, full of exultation, of the rejoicing crowd; bands of music struck up their gayest strains ; the roll of the drum through the town, and further on the pealing of the cannon announced far and near these *glad tidings of great joy'; while from hill and plain, from the seashore and the far olive grove, rocket after rocket ascending to the clear sky, answered back with their mute eloquence, that Christ is risen indeed, and told of other tongues that were repeating those blessed words, and other hearts that leapt for joy; everywhere men clasped each other's hands, and congratulated one another, and embraced with countenances beaming with; delight, as though to each one separately some wonderful happiness had been proclaimed;—and so in truth it was;—and all the while, rising above the mingling of many sounds, each one of which was a sound of gladness, the aged priests were distinctly heard chanting forth a glorious old hymn of victory in tones so loud and clear, that they seemed to have regained their youth and strength to tell the world how 'Christ is risen from the dead, having trampled death beneath His feet, and henceforth the entomb'd have everlasting life.'" Mr. Hatherley,in his annotated and musical edition of the Hys. of the Eastern Church, 1882, has pointed out that this writer was wrong in regarding this Canon as the "glorious old hymn of victory." The glorious old hymn in one stanza is : Xptcrrbs hviarq 4k vetcp&v (Littledale, p. 87), which Dr. Littledale ha3 rendered:— " Christ has risen from the dead, t Death by death down doth He tread, And on those within the tombs He bestoweth life." (p. 210.) It is after this has been repeated several times, and certain ceremonies are performed, that the great Canon of St. John of Damascus is sung. The eight Odes of this Canon, the first of which has taken a permanent position in the hymnals of most English-speaking countries, are:— Odo i. 'Avatrrdo'ccos 7]fX¬ pa. 'Tis the day of Resurrection. By J. M, Neale in Hys. of 1he E. Church, 1862, p. 42, in 3 st. of 8 1. (3rd ed. p. 38). it was first pub. as a hymn for congregational use in the Parish Hymn Book, 1863, No. 52, beginning, "The Day of Resurrection." From that date it grew in general esteem and has been extensively adopted, sometimes with the opening line as above, and again as by Dr. Neale. Orig. tr. in //. E. Church, p. 42. Blank verse tr. in Dr. Littledale's Offices, $c, p. 211. The break in the refrain, st. iii., is copied from the original. Ode iii. Act/re vSfia vla/iev. Come and let us drink of that New River. By J. M. Neale, from his Hys. of the E. Ch., p. 44; -also blank verse tr. in Dr. Littledale's Offices, $c, of the H. E. Ch., p. 212. Ode iv. 'Eiri T7js Betas QvKaKrjs. Stand on thy watch-tower, Habakkuk the Seer. By J. M. Neale, Hys. of the E. Ch., p. 45; also blank verse tr. in Littledale's Offices, §c, p. 213. Ode v. 'Opdpiaafiev 6pdpov fia64os. Let us rise in early morning. By J. M. Neale, from Hys. of tlie E. Ch., p. 46 ; also blank verse tr. in Littledale's Offices, p. 214. Of Dr. Neale's tr., st. i.-iii. are given as No. 266 in Willing's Bk. of Common Praise, 1872. Ode vi. KarrjKdes iu rols Karwrdrois. Into the dim earth's lowest parts descending. By J. ANATOLIUS M. Ncale, Hys. of the E. Ch., p. 47; also blank verse tr. in Littledale's Offices, $•- From this account, derived from Anth.Graec. Garm. Christ, p. xli., it will be seen that his poems cannot be considered " the spring-promise " of the age of the Canons (Neale). A few of his hymns have been translated by Dr. Neale in his Hys. of the E. C7*.,and Dr. Littledale, in the Offices of the H. E. Ch.: see Co