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INDEX.
A.
Abbot, Ezra, Professor (Harvard),
catalogue of works on the future state, iii. 718.
Abelard (d. 1142),
idea of omnipotence, i. 411; on realism, ii. 53; on original sin, ii. 169.
Ability,
proper meaning of the word, ii. 291; plenary ability, ii. 152; natural and moral ability, value of the distinction, ii. 265; Pelagian doctrine, ii. 152; Semi-Pelagian or Arminian doctrine, ii. 267; distinguished from liberty, ii. 291; when does ability limit obligation, and when does it not, ii. 153, 251; iii. 233. See Inability.
Absolute and Infinite, the,
philosophical definition of, i. 347; conclusions drawn from those definitions, i. 347 ff.; fallacy of those conclusions, i. 349.
Absolute Power,
scholastic doctrine, i. 409.
Absolution,
merely declarative, iii. 762; doctrine of Romanists, iii. 494, 753, 758, 764; arguments against, iii. 764; not sustained by John xx. 23, iii. 761.
Active and passive Obedience of Christ, iii. 142.
Acts,
when are they free? ii. 285; moral character of, ii. 304; of Christ, different classes of, ii. 394.
Adam,
his original state, ii. 92, 116; die fall, ii. 123; the effects of. his fall on himself, ii. 129; on his posterity, ii. 192; the representative of his race, ii. 197: a type of Christ, iii. 153.
Administrator
of the sacraments, iii. 514.
Adult Baptism,
qualifications for, iii. 541.
Adultery,
Scriptural ground of divorce, iii. 393.
Advent, Second, of Christ,
church doctrine of, iii. 792; its antecedents, iii. 800 ff.; its concomitants, iii. 837 ff.; objections urged against the church doctrine, iii. 796; objection founded on Matthew xxiv. and xxv., iii. 797; premillenial advent theory, iii. 861; objections to it, iii. 862 ff.; expectation of the Apostles concerning the Second Advent, iii. 867.
Agassiz, Professor (Harvard),
his avowal of theism, i. 222 definition of species, ii. 80, iii. 778; condemnation of Darwinism, H. 15.
Agobard (Bishop of Lyons, d. 840)
number of the sacraments, iii. 497.
Agricola (d. 1566),
on good works, iii. 238.
Alexander, Joseph Addison, Professor (d. 1860).
on vicarious suffering, ii. 508; on the end of the world, iii. 841; on hell, iii. 875.
2Alexander, Stephen, Professor (Princeton),
on knowledge of God, i. 365.
Alford, Dean,
desertion a Scriptural ground of divorce, iii. 395; on the distinction between “believing” and “eating” in the reception of the Lord’s Supper, iii. 644.
Alger, William Rounseville,
his definition of Rationalism, iii. 719; makes Christ, in his answer to the Sadducees, teach simply a future life, iii. 719, 720; Paul’s doctrine of the intermediate state, iii. 729; denies a resurrection of the body, iii. 771 f.; on the Hindu theory of the universe, iii. 786; merges the second advent of Christ into the spiritual manifestation of his power, iii. 793.
Ambrose (d. 397),
all sinned in Adam, ii. 151; desertion a ground of divorce, iii. 396; the intermediate state, iii. 739: on purgatory, iii. 755.
Amsdorf (d. 1565).
on good works, iii. 239.
Amyraut (d. 1664),
on mediate imputation, ii. 205 f.; on hypothetical redemption, ii. 322.
Analogy of Faith,
distinguished from tradition, i. 113; analogy of Scripture as a rule of interpretation, i. 187.
Anaxagoras (d. 428 B.C. ),
philosophy of, i. 226.
Anaximander (d. 546 B.C.),
philosophy of, i. 318.
Anaximenes (556 B.C. ),
philosophy of, i. 318.
Ancyra (A.D. 314),
Council of, iii. 374.
Andradius (d. 1575),
sinfulness can be predicated only of acts of the will, ii. 106, 178; venial sins not really sins, iii. 234.
Angels,
their nature and orders, i. 637 ff.; their employments and powers, i.. 639; guardian, i. 640; evil angels, i. 343; their power and agency, i. 644; demoniacal possessions, i. 645.
Annihilation
of the world? iii. 852; of the wicked? iii. 872 ff.
Anselm (d. 1099),
his dogmatic method, i. 5; his “Cur Deus Homo?” ii. 486; the relation of reason and faith, i. 74; his ontological argument, i. 204; on the Trinity, i. 479; on realism. ii. 53; on original sin, ii. 169; on redemption, ii. 486; on sin and grace, ii. 715: on the righteousness of Christ, iii. 154.
Anthropology,
the Scriptural, ii. 3 ff.; Sehleiermacher’s, ii. 447; of the Hindus. i. 314.
Anthropomorphism,
in what sense true, i. 339; in what sense essential to Theism, 1.3-13
Antichrist,
was to come before the second advent of Christ, iii. 812; a power and not necessarily an individual, iii. 813, 814: described by St. Paul in 2 Thessalonians, an ecclesiastical power, iii. 814 ff.; his prophecy fulfilled in the Papacy, iii. 815 ff.; there may be many antichrists, iii. 822; the antichrist of Daniel, iii. 823; of the Apocalypse, iii. 825; antichrist and Babylon compared, iii. 830; Romish doctrine, iii. 831 ff.
Antinomianism, iii. 241.
Antiquity of Man,
modern doctrine of, ii. 33-11.
Apocalypse,
modes of interpreting, iii. 826 the antichrist of, iii. 825 ff.
Apollinaris (d. 390),
on the person of Christ, ii. 400.
Apostles,
nature of their office, i. 139; iii. 764; the office of, temporary i. 140 f.; not priests, iii. 689.
Apostolical Constitutions,
their origin and authority, iii. 3450, on the marriage relation, 385.
Aquinas, Thomas (1224-1274 ),
on the attributes of God, i. 369 on the infinity of God, i. 384; eternity, i. 386; relation of knowledge and power in God, i. 394; on dependence on God, i. 592; on divine “concursus,” i. 600; false miracles, i. 631 on original sin, ii. 171; human nature of Christ, ii. 388; on grace, ii. 716; on faith, iii. 49, 54, 87, 94; invocation of saints, iii. 282; image worship, iii. 298, 301; desertion a ground of divorce, iii. 396; on falsehood, iii. 444; on the sacraments, iii. 489, 493, 496; an purgatory, iii. 751; on resurrection, iii. 776.
Aretas,
on the intermediate state, iii. 739.
Argyll, Duke of,
limits the efficiency of God to the sphere of law, i. 623; ii. 25; distinction between the natural and the supernatural, i. 6.23; ii. 25; his arguments against the Darwinian theory, ii. 17 on miracles, i. 623.
Arianism, i. 144, 452.
Ariminum (A.D. 359),
council of, i. 144.
Aristotle (d. 322 B.C. ),
his philosophy, i. 3.26.
Arles (A.D. 475),
Synod of, condemned Augustinianism, ii. 166.
Arminianism.
its rise, ii. 327; the five points of, condemned by the Synod of Dort, ii. 327, 724 ff.; Wesleyan Arminianism, ii. 329 doctrine of perfection, iii. 253. See Remonstrants.
Articuli Visitatorii,
on the Eucharist, iii. d73.
Ascension,
of Christ. Scriptural account of, ii. 630; Lutheran doctrine of. ii. 631; the doctrine of the modern advocates of κένωσις. ii.633; the necessity of the ascension, 634.
Assurance,
not essential to faith, iii. 106; attainable, iii. 107; grounds of iii. 107 ff.
Athanasian Creed,
its origin, i. 457, 458.
Athanasius (d. 373),
on Arianism, i. 145; on sin, ii. 151; on union with Christ, i. 581.
Atheism,
proper meaning of, i. 211; in what sense impossible, i. 212. See Materialism and Pantheism.
Atonement,
Scriptural use of the word, ii. 469; the Church doctrine, ii. 563; patristic theories, ii. 564; moral theory, ii. 566; governmental theory, ii. 573; Remonstrant doctrine, ii. 575; German supernaturalists, ii. 576; mystical theory, ii. 581; modern views, ii. 589; extent or design of the atonement, ii. 544; arguments in support of the Augustinian doctrine on that point, ii. 546-555; objections to the Augustinian doctrine, ii. 554 ff. See Satisfaction. Authors referred to (all vol. ii.): Baur, 577; Beman, 578; Bushnell, 568, 570; Coleridge, 568; Dorner, 583, 588; Flatt, 577; Gieseler, 572, 582; Grotius, 573, 575; Limborch, 576; Münscher, 582; Oetinger, 587; Osiander. 586; Park, 578; Schaff: 591; Scotus Erigena, 584; Schwenkfeld 586; Storr, 577, 578; Young. 567.
Attributes of God,
their nature, i. 368; now they differ, i. 371; their classification, i. 374; Authors referred to (all vol. i. ): Abelard 411; Aquinas, 369, 371, 384. 386, 394; Augustine, 368, 371 384, 386, 391, 394, 401; 4Bohme, 382; Bruch, 396, 410, 411, 426, 428, 431, 432, 438, 439; Calovius, 402; Calvin, 409; Cicero, 366, 416; Clemens Alexandrinus, 374, 419; Cousin, 382; Des Cartes, 377, 409; Endemann, 438; Episcopius, 382; Gerhard, 395; Grotius, 419; Hegel, 417; Heidegger, 395; Hollaz, 370, 438; Howe, 382; Jamieson, 387; Kant, 377; Keckermann, 409; Klaiber, 432; Leibnitz, 374; Mansel, 371, 378, 380, 381 f.; Martensen, 372; McCosh, 378; Musculus, 409; Nitzsch, 411; Origen, 419; Quenstedt, 370, 373, 384, 386, 391, 402; Schleiermacher, 389, 395, 402, 410, 411, 417, 428; Schweitzer, 411, 417, 439; Scotus Erigena, 371, 394; Spinoza, 394, 412; Stapfer, 419; Strauss, 382, 389, 394, 402, 410 ff., 414; Tertullian, 419; Turrettin, 391, 402; Twesten, 433, 434; Wegscheider, 415; Wolf, 419; Young, 426; Zwingle, 409.
Atwater, Lyman Hotchkiss, Professor (Princeton),
on the wine question, iii. 616.
Auberlen, Professor Carl August (d. 1864),
on the Apocalypse, iii. 826; on Antichrist, iii. 829; on the national preservation of the Jews, iii. 800.
Augustine (d. 403),
identifies knowledge and power in God, i. 371, 394; infinitude of God, i. 386; eternity, i. 386; knowledge and foreknowledge, i. 401; on the Trinity, i. 464, 466, 479; creation “ex nihilo,” i. 554; mediate and immediate creation, i. 557; on the image of God, ii. 96; on sin, the philosophical and moral element of his doctrine, ii. 157 ff. imputation of Adam’s sin, ii. 163; demands of the law, ii. 185; on election, ii. 330: conviction of sin, ii. 672; efficacious grace, ii. 680; on faith, iii. 43, 53; division of the decalogue, iii. 273; on oaths, iii. 311; on marriage, iii. 374, 409; on prohibited marriages, 409; on divorce, iii. 39'2, 396; on falsehood, iii. 444; pious frauds, iii. 448; on false miracles, iii. 453; number of the sacraments, iii. 497; their efficacy, iii. 502; on the Eucharist, iii. 678; on purgatory, iii. 751, 755, 769; on the resurrection, iii. 775 f.; on annihilation of the world, iii. 853.
Augustinianism,
its fundamental principles, ii. 333; the power of this system in history, ii. 333; proof of Augustinianism, ii. 334–348; specially taught by Christ, H. 346; objections considered, ii. 349.
Authority, Human,
limits of, iii. 358.
Austin, John,
on the ground of the right of property, iii. 422.
B.
Babbage, Charles,
on miracles, i. 622; on Hume’s argument, i. 633.
Babylon
and Antichrist, iii. 830.
Bachman, John,
on immutability of species, ii. 79.
Bähr,
on the Jewish Sabbath, iii. 337
Baier, John William (d. 1694),
on sin, ii. 180; on the Word of God, iii. 481; on baptism, iii. 518; on the destruction of the world, iii. 853.
Bailey, Samuel,
on faith, iii. 46.
Baptism,
its mode, iii. 526 ff.; mode not essential, iii. 526; classic usage 5 of the word, iii. 526; its usage in the Septuagint, iii. 528; with the fathers, iii. 536; in the New Testament, iii. 531; formula of baptism, iii. 539; subjects of, iii. 540; qualifications for adult baptism, iii. 541; of infants, iii. 546-558; whose children are to be baptized, iii. 558-579; efficacy of, iii. 579; Reformed doctrine, iii. 579; as a condition of salvation, iii. 584; as a means of grace, iii. 588; as a duty, iii. 586; Lutheran doctrine of its necessity, iii. 604; Romish doctrine, iii. 609. Authors referred to (all vol. iii.) Augustine, 534; Baier, 518; Baird, 562; Blair, 564 ff.; Blanchini, 534; Calvin, 581, f. 596; Chemnitz, 608; Conant, 5.27, 530; Cremer, 537; Dale, 527; Edwards, 563, 569, 570, 571, 575; Ellicott, 595, 597; Fritzsche, 529, 539; Gerhard, 519, 605-608; Gregory Nazianzen, 537; Guericke, 542; Hengstenberg, 595 Krauth, 605, 608; Lücke, 595; Luther, 605-607; Mason, 546; Mather, 568, 57.2; Moor, de, 562 f.; Palfrey, 567, 569; Palmer, 543; Paræus, 572 Perrone, 610; Robinson, 534 f.; Scapula, 528; Stephen, 527; Suicer, 537; Vitringa, 562; Wahl, 529; Waterland, 597 ff.
Baptismal Regeneration,
meaning of, iii. 591; John iii. 5 and Titus iii. 5, iii. 591-599; Waterland on, iii. 597; arguments against, iii. 599 ff.; Lutheran doctrine, iii. 604; Romish doctrine, iii. 609.
Barclay, Robert (d. 1690),
his influence, i. 89; his doctrine, i. 93-96.
Barker, Professor George F (Yale),
on the correlation of physical and vital forces, i. 286, 296.
Barnard, President Frederick A. P. (Columbia College),
arguments against materialism, i. 291 ff.
Basil the Great (d. 379),
on the subordination of Christ, i. 463, 464; on purgatory, iii. 754.
Baumgarten, Siegmund Jacob (d. 1757),
on the marriage of a wife’s sister, iii. 416.
Baumgarten - Crusius, Professor Ludwig Frederick Otto (d. 1843),
on John iii. 5, iii. 594.
Baur, Ferdinand Christian (d. 1860),
sin limitation of being, i. 305, ii. 133; on the Romish doctrine of sin, ii. 177; on the Trinity, ii. 428; on Dorner’s doctrine of Christ, ii. 433; on the rationalistic view of justification, iii. 196; oneness of God and man, iii. 199.
Bayle, Peter (d. 1706)
on continuous creation, i. 580.
Beale, Doctor Lionel S., F. R. S.
(” Life, Matter, and Mind “),
on vitality, i. 270; against the correlation of physical, vital, and mental forces, i. 281, 293.
“Bear Sin,”
Scriptural meaning of, ii. 505, 512.
Beausobre et 1’Enfant,
on innocent deception, iii. 441.
Beghards,
mysticism of, i. 74, 77; communism of, iii. 430.
Beguines,
mystic religionists, i. 74.
Being,
meaning of the word, i. 367; of God, i. 367.
Belgic Confession (A.D. 1561),
on original sin, ii. 229; on satisfaction of Christ, ii. 481; on efficacy of the sacraments, iii. 501; teaches Calvin’s doctrine of the Lord’s Supper, iii. 630, 631; manducation of the body of Christ is faith, iii. 643.
Belief in Christ,
what it is to believe in Christ. iii. 691; is the sinner required to believe that Christ loves him? iii. 99.
Bellarmin, Cardinal Robert (d. 1621),
the Scriptures incomplete, i. 105; obscure, i. 107; the church the infallible teacher, i. 111; marks of the church, i. 13.5; on the image of God, ii. 96; the original state of man, ii. 104; on original sin, ii. 178, 179; efficacious grace, ii. 678; on faith, iii. 87, 89; infused or inherent righteousness, iii. 130, 139, 1 d2; concession as to imputed righteousness, iii. 146; nature and merit of good works, iii. 166, 234, 242; invocation of saints, iii. 282; worship of images and relics, iii. 299, 300; efficacy of the sacraments, iii. 490; they operate “ex opere operato,” iii. 511; on the doctrine of intention, iii. 515; on Antichrist, iii. 832 ff.
Benedict XIV. (d. 1758),
on the marriage of clergy, iii. 376.
Bengel, John Albert (d. 1751),
on John iii. 5, iii. 594; on the Revelation, iii. 826.
Berger, Otto,
on materialism, i. 274.
Bernard of Clairvaux (d. 1153),
mysticism ot; i. 79; efficacy of
the sacraments, iii. 502; on the
intermediate state, iii. 739.
Beza, Theodore (d. 1605),
on sin, ii. 209; on I Peter iii. 18, 19, ii. 620; on the Roman law of marriage, iii. 413.
Bible
the Word of God. i. 37; its inspiration and infallible authority, i. 153 ft:; only rule of faith and practice, i. 151; recognizes the authority of intuitive truths, i. 15; its relation to philosophy and science, i. 5b–59; the basis of education,
353; the people have a right to have it taught in all schools supported by their money, in 353; source of its power, iii. 470. See Scriptures.
Bickersteth,
on the millennium, iii. 864.
Biel, Gabriel (d. 1495),
sacramental grace, iii. 512.
Bishop, Joel Prentiss,
on civil marriage, iii. 375; on divorce, iii. 403; on affinity iii. 420.
Blackstone,
on right of property, iii. 424, 425.
Blair, John (d. 1771),
on terms of church membership, iii. 564.
Blanchini,
the Gospels, iii. 534.
Body, Human,
created, ii. 42; relation to the
soul, ii. 44; realistic dualism, ii.
46; trichotomy, ii. 47. See
Resurrection.
Boehme, Jacob (d. 16.24),
as a mystic, i. 83; as a pantheist, i. 382.
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus (d. 524),
on heaven, iii. 748.
Bonaventura (d. 1274),
Psalter of the Virgin Mary, iii. 287.
Bonnet,
on the resurrection, iii. 772.
Braniss,
on Schleiermacher, ii. 444.
Brentius, John (d. 1570),
on the person of Christ, ii. 409
Brethren of the Common Lot, i. 74.
Bretschneider, Carl Gottlieb,
on post-baptismal sins, ii. 484 on 1 Peter iii. 18, 19, ii. 620 on Hegelianism, iii. 78; on the last judgment, iii. 844.
Brochmann,
on miracles, i. 632.
Brooks,
on the Second Advent, iii. 864.
Brown, David,
on the Second Advent. iii. 844 863.
7Brown, Thomas (d. 1820),
theory of causation, i. 208.
Brownists,
theory of the church, iii. 545, 569.
Bruch (Strasburg),
omniscience of God, i. 396; will and power identical in God, i. 410, 411; justice of God, i. 425, 426; love of God, i. 428; truth of God, i. 438 f.
Bruno,
number of the sacraments, iii. 497.
Bryant, James Henry,
on the Stoics, iii. 767.
Bucan,
on regeneration, iii. 23.
Buchner, Ludwig,
on materialistic atheism, i. 284.
Burnet, Bishop Gilbert (d. 1715),
on the marriage of the clergy, iii.
376; on the Eucharist, iii. 637.
Bushnell, Horace,
on the atonement. ii. 568, 570.
C.
Calderwood,
on Sir William Hamilton, i, 301.
Call, the external,
made only in the gospel, i. 30, ii. 646; what it contains, ii. 641 it is addressed to all, ii. 642; its universality consistent with God’s sincerity and with the doctrine of election, ii. 643, 644; Lutheran doctrine, ii. 645. See Vocation.
Calvin, John (d. 1564),
on the knowledge of God as innate, i. 194; on absolute power, i. 409; on the Trinity, i. 466 on the theory of dependence, i. 593; on the agency of evil spirits, i. 648; on the image of God, ii. 98; on imputation of Adam’s sin, ii. 209; on the meaning of the word “regeneration,” iii. 3; on faith, iii. 90, 101; on justification, iii. 131–134; against Osiander, iii. 181 good works imperfect, iii. 233; on monastic vows, iii. 3191 321; celibacy and marriage, iii. 369, 371, 373; “the husband of one wife,” iii. 389; on the efficacy of the sacraments, iii. 501; of baptism, iii. 581; on Titus iii. 5, iii. 596; his doctrine on the Lord’s Supper, iii. 628, 629; and as stated in the Consensus Tigurinus, 631, 640; denies “the local presence” of Christ’s body in the Eucharist, iii. 642; avows his agreement with Zwingle and Œcolampadius, iii. 647.
Campbell, Honourable Archibald,
on the intermediate state, iii. 741; prayers for the dead and purgatory, iii. 752.
Canon of Scripture,
how determined, i. 152.
Canon Law,
on desertion as a ground of divorce, iii. 396.
Capital Punishment,
enjoined in the Scriptures in case of murder, iii. 363.
Cappel, Louis, Professor at Saumur,
on mediate imputation, ii. 205.
Carlstadt, Andrew (Bodenstein) (d. 1541),
mystical, i. 81.
Carpenter, William Benjamin,
on the correlation of physical and vital forces, i. 264; admits what he denies, i. 265, 266; on the criterion of identity of species, ii. 80.
Carthage, Council of (A.D. 412, 418),
condemned Pelagius, ii. 155; decided against perfectionism, iii. 251.
(A.D. 416)
declared baptism of infants to be necessary for their salvation, iii. 746.
Cassian, John (d. 440, circa),
leader of the semi-Pelagians, ii. 165; justifies falsehood when uttered with a good Intention, iii. 449.
8Catechism
in families, iii. 572.
Catechumens,
their instruction, iii. 541.
Cause,
definition of, i. 208; Hume’s definition, the modification of that definition by Dr. Brown and Stuart Mill, i. 208; the common idea of causation, i. 209; kinds of causes, ii. 289; efficiency of second causes, i. 605, ii. 658, 659; final causes, i. 227; doctrine of sufficient cause, ii. 306.
Celibacy
not a higher state than marriage,
iii. 368 ff.; of the clergy, iii, 371; Paul’s doctrine on the subject, iii. 373; history of the practice in the church, iii. 374; doctrine and practice of the Greek Church, iii. 376.
Certainty
as to the occurrence of free acts, ii. 284; called moral necessity, ii. 285; consistent with liberty, ii. 295 ff.
Certainty
of salvation, iii. 110.
Chalcedon, Council of (A.D. 451),
condemned Eutychianism, ii. 388, 404; on the marriage of priests, iii. 376.
Chalmers, Dr. Thomas (d. 1847),
on prayer, iii. 693, 694.
Charenton, Synod of (A.D. 1631), on imputation of Adam’s sin, ii. 206.
Charlemagne (d. 814),
his opposition to image worship, iii. 297.
Chemnitz (d. 1586),
miracles less important than doctrine, i. 632; original sin, ii. 171; denies the ubiquity of Christ’s body, ii. 410; on the efficacy of the sacraments, iii. 507.
Children,
relative duties of parents and children, iii. 349 ff.; religious instruction of, iii. 352 ff.; of believers, members of the church under both dispensations, iii. 552-557; they are the proper subjects of baptism, iii. 546–558; whose children are entitled to baptism? iii. 558-579; practice of the Church of Rome in the baptism of children, iii. 559; practice of Protestant churches ii. 561; theory and practice of the Reformed churches on this subject, iii. 573 f .
Christ,
his divinity,
proof of, from the Old Testament, i. 483-495; from Genesis, i. 485; from the other historical books, i. 487; from the Psalms, i. 491; from the prophets, i. 492; from the New Testament, i. 495-521; from the sense in which he is called Lord, i. 495; from his being held up as the object of all the religious affections, i. 497; from his authority as a teacher, i. 499; from his power over rational creatures, i. 501; from his control over nature, i. 503; from the nature of his promises, i. 502; from the writings of John, i. 504; from those of Paul, i. 511; from the other apostolic writings, i. 520;
his person,
points of analogy between the union of soul and body in man and the union of the divine and human natures in Christ, ii. 378; the essential elements of the doctrine of Christ’s person, ii. 380; he has a true body and a rational soul, ii. 381; he has a perfect human nature and a perfect divine nature, and is one person, ii. 380 ff.; the hypostatical union, ii. 387-391; consequences of that union, ii. 392-394; the acts of Christ, how distinguished, ii. 394; object of worship as the God-man: erroneous 9doctrines, ii. 397; Ebionite, ii. 398; Gnostic, ii. 399; Apollinarian, ii. 400; Nestorian, ii. 401; Eutychian, ii. 402; Monothelite doctrine, ii. 404; Re-formed doctrine, ii. 405; Lutheran doctrine, ii. 407 f.; later forms of the doctrine, ii. 418; Socinus’s doctrine, ii. 418; Swedenborg’s, ii. 421; Dr. Isaac Watts’s doctrine, ii. 423; modem view, ii. 428; pantheistical Christology, ii. 429; theistical forms, Thomasius, ii. 432; Ebrard, ii. 434; Gess, ii. 435; Schleiermacher, ii. 441 ff.; on the offices and work of Christ as our Redeemer, see the proper headings.
Christianity,
Ullmann’s view of its nature, i. 174; part of the common law of all Christendom, iii. 344.
Chronology of the Bible,
not settled, ii. 40.
Chrysostom (d. 407),
on miracles, iii. 453; on the word ” Eucharist,” iii. 613; on the intermediate state, iii. 739.
Church, The
Romish definition of, i. 111, 130, iii. 543; its infallibility as a teacher, i. 111, 1.29, 133; Gallican and Papal theories as to the organs of the Church’s infallibility, i. 112; arguments against the Romish doctrine, i. 137-150; Protestant doctrine, i. 134, iii. 545; distinction between the invisible and visible Church, i. 134; importance of this distinction, i. 135; proof of the Protestant doctrine, i. 137 ff.; the visible Church a divine institution, iii. 547; essentially the same under all dispensations, iii. 549; children of believers members of, iii. 552; Puritan theory of, iii. 544, 569; not a democracy but the kingdom of Christ, ii. 596, 604 f.; Church and state, ii. 605, iii. 340, 543; a means of grace, 230; cannot bind the conscience, iii. 237; obedience due to it, iii. 360; its organization, iii. 361; does not consist exclusively of communicants, iii. 578; prerogatives of iii. 361.
Cicero (d. 43 B.C. ),
on the existence of God, i. 194 , design in the world, i. 2.26; on the Stoics, i. 245; on justice, i. 416; on incest, iii. 413; God the author of law, iii. 426; calls death a “sempiternum malum,” iii. 869.
Circumcision,
a seal not only of the national covenant, but also of the covenant of grace, ii. 246, iii. 552 ff.; its spiritual import, ii. 247, iii. 554; a sign of church membership, iii. 555.
Civil government,
a divine institution, iii. 357; its form providentially determined, iii. 358; limits of its authority, iii. 359.
C1arke, Doctor Samuel (d. 1729),
ontological argument, i. 206; on the self-determining power of the will, ii. 295.
Clausen, J.,
on the “Descensus ad inferos,” ii. 6.21.
Clement of Alexandria (d. 215 circa),
God like man, i. 374; justice of God, i. 419; innate sin, ii. 151; catechetical teacher, iii. 542.
Clement of Rome (d. 100, circa),
“Apostolical Constitutions,” iii. 385.
Clement XI.,
his bull “unigenitus” against the Jansenists, ii. 680.
Cœlestius,
associate of Pelagius, ii. 152.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (d. 1834),
on inspiration, i. 168, 180; on justice, ii. 568.
Commandments,
First, iii. 277; Second, iii. 290 , Third, iii. 305; Fourth, iii. 321; Fifth, iii. 348; Sixth, 10iii. 362; Seventh, iii. 368; Eighth, iii. 421; Ninth, iii. 437; Tenth, iii. 463.
Common Consent,
its authority in matters of faith, i. 115; no criterion of tradition, i. 123; not the ground of the right of property, iii. 424.
Common Grace,
meaning of, ii. 654; proof of the doctrine, ii. 660–670; the effects of, ii. 670; how distinguished from the doctrine of sufficient grace, ii. 654; Lutheran doctrine of, ii. 656.
Common Schools,
and the Bible, iii. 353.
Communion of Attributes,
meaning of, ii. 379, 392; Lutheran doctrine, ii. 407.
Communion, Christian,
Scriptural terms of, ii. 607; these cannot rightfully be altered by human authority, ii. 607; nothing can properly be required for admission to the Church which is not necessary for ad-mission to heaven, ii. 607; nothing indifferent can properly be made a term of Christian communion, iii. 265.
Community of Goods,
in the Church at Jerusalem, iii. 428; modern Communism, iii. 430.
Comte, Auguste (d. 1857),
his positive philosophy, i. 254; as all our knowledge is through the senses, it is confined to physical phenomena and their relations, i. 255; these relations of sequence and resemblance are uniform, i. 255; no liberty, no force or efficiency, no mind, no God, i. 260 ff.; Huxley’s judgment of Comte, i. 261.
Conant, T. J.,
on Christian baptism, iii. 527 ff.
Concupiscence,
meaning of, ii. 172.
“Concursus,”
doctrine of, i. 598–605.
Condillac (d. 1780),
his modification of Locke’s philosophy, i. 253.
Confession, auricular,
an element of the Romish sacrament of penance; it must in. elude all sins known to the penitent, must be to a priest, and is a necessary condition of forgiveness, iii. 493, 758 f.
Confirmation,
as a rite in the early Church, iii. 492; as a Romish sacrament, iii. 493.
Congruity,
doctrine of, ii. 677 ff.
Consciousness,
authority of, i. 276, 280, 340.
Constable, H. (Prebendary),
on future punishment, iii. 869 on the annihilation of the wicked, iii. 872 ff.
Constance, Council of (A.D. 1415.),
decreed withholding the cup from the laity in the Eucharist, iii. 621.
Constantinople, Council of,
(A.D. 380)
on the Holy Spirit, i. 457.
(A.D. 681)
against the Monothelites, ii. 405.
(A.D. 754)
on the use of images, iii. 297
Consubstantiation,
different meanings of, iii. 672, 676; why the word is objected to by Lutherans, iii. 672.
Consummation
of Christ’s kingdom, iii. 859.
Contentment, iii. 463.
Contingency,
doctrine of, ii. 282.
Continued Creation,
doctrine of, i. 577, ii. 217 ff.
Converted Polygamists. iii, 387.
Conviction of Sin, ii. 273, 672.
Correlation of Forces,
meaning of, i. 263; of different physical forces, i. 263; of physical and vital forces, i. 264 ff. of physical and mental, i. 271 arguments against the theory as applied to physical, vital 11and mental forces, i. 284 ff.; concessions of the advocates of the theory: Professor Tyndall, i. 251; Professor Huxley, ii. 6 ff.; Professor Barker, i. 297; Wallace, i. 295, 297.
Cosmogony,
of Plato, i. 325.
Cosmological Argument,
founded on the doctrine of a sufficient cause, i. 208; true idea of causation, i. 209; proof that the world is an effect, i. 211; objections to the argument, i. 212.
Councils,
Ancyra (A.D. 314),
marriage of deacons, iii. 374.
Ariminum (A.D. 359),
was Arian, i. 144.
Arles (A.D. 475),
condemned Augustinianism, ii. 166.
Carthage (A.D. 412),
condemned Pelagianism, 155.
Carthage (A.D. 416),
condemned Pelagianism, ii. 155; on baptized infants, in. 746.
Carthage (A.D. 418),
condemned Pelagianism, 155, iii. 251.
Chalcedon (A.D. 451),
on marriage of priests, iii. 376.
Charenton (A.D. 1631),
on imputation, ii. 206.
Constance (A.D. 1415),
decreed witholding the cup from the laity, ill. 621.
Constantinople (A.D. 381),
on the Holy Ghost, i. 457.
Constantinople (A.D. 680),
against the Monothelites, ii. 405.
Constantinople (A.D. 754),
on images, iii. 297.
Diospolis (A.D. 405),
upheld Pelagianism, ii. 155.
Elvira (A.D. 305),
celibacy of the clergy, iii. 374 on images, iii. 296.
Ephesus (A.D. 431),
condemned Pelagianism, ii. 155; on the Virgin Mary, iii. 285.
Florence (A.D. 1439),
“limbus infantum,’ iii. 745; heaven, iii. 749.
Frankfort (A.D. 794),
on images, iii. 297.
Jerusalem (A.D. 415),
upheld Pelagianism, ii. 155.
Lyons (A.D. 1274),
“limbus infantum,” iii. 745.
Nice (A.D. 325), i. 453 ff.
Nice (A.D. 787),
on images, iii. 297.
Orange (A.D. 529),
condemned Semi-Pelagianism, ii. 168.
Seleucia (A.D. 359),
Arian, i. 144.
Trent (A.D. 1545),
ii. 174 and elsewhere.
Trullo (A.D. 692),
on marriage of priests, iii. 376.
Valence (A.D. 529),
condemned Semi-Pelagianism, ii. 168.
Cousin, Victor (d. 1867),
reason impersonal and universal, i. 62; ontological argument, i. 207; pantheism of, i. 300; on the Ionic School, i. 319; the Infinite must be all things, i. 382; on realism, ii. 53; sin limitation of being, ii. 134.
Covenant
of works, why so called, ii. 117 f.; parties to it, ii. 121; promise, ii. 118; condition, ii. 119; penalty, ii. 120; in what sense still in force, ii. 122.
of Redemption,
why distinguished from the Covenant of Grace, ii. 358; parties, ii. 359; condition, ii. 361; promise, ii. 362.
of Grace,
why so called, ii. 354; different views of its nature, ii. 355, 356; parties to it, ii. 363; its 12mediator, ii. 364; its condition, ii. 364; its promises, ii. 365; the same under all dispensations, ii. 366; the promise of eternal life made under the Old Testament, ii. 368, iii. 716 f.; faith in the Redeemer the condition of salvation from the beginning, ii. 371; the different aspects under which the Mosaic law is presented in the New Testament, ii. 375; characteristics of the New Testament dispensation, ii. 376.
Covenant, Half-way, iii. 567.
Cox, John,
on the Second Advent, iii. 868.
Creation,
theories as to the origin of the universe, i. 550; Scriptural doctrine, i. 553; mediate and immediate creation, i. 556; proof of the doctrine of a creation “ex nihilo,” i. 558 ff.; objections to the doctrine, i. 562; design of the creation, i. 565; Mosaic, account of, i. 568; objections to, i. 569; geology and the Bible, i. 570 ff.; importance of the doctrine of creation, i. 562, iii. 321.
Creationism, ii. 70.
Cremer, Hermann,
on βαπτίζειν, iii. 537.
Cross,
legend of its discovery, iii. 459 ff.
Cumming, Dr. John,
on Romish miracles, iii. 456; Christ’s kingdom on earth is the heaven promised in the Bible, iii. 866.
Cunningham, Principal William (d. 1861).
Westminster Catechism more explicit on the doctrine of imputation than the Confession, ii. 209; on obedience to the State, iii. 360.
Cup
withheld from the laity, iii. 635.
Curcellæus, Stephanus,
on the satisfaction of Christ, ii.486, on imputation of righteousness, iii. 191.
Cutler, Dr. Benjamin Clarke,
on communion with Christ, iii. 638.
Cuvier,
definition of species, ii. 80.
Cyprian, Thascius Cæcilius (d. 258),
on the Holy Spirit, i. 529; on hereditary corruption, ii. 151 on prayers for the read, iii. 754.
Cyril of Jerusalem (d. 386),
two sacraments, iii. 497; wood of the true cross, iii. 459; prayers for the dead, iii. 754; denies that the world is to be annihilated, iii. 853.
D.
Daillé, Jean (d. 1670),
the fathers on the intermediate state, iii. 739.
Dale, Dr. James Wilkinson,
on baptism, iii. 527.
Dana, Professor James Dwight,
Mosaic cosmogony, i. 571 ff.; definition of species, ii. 81; permanence of, ii. 87.
Daniel,
Antichrist of, iii. 823 ff.
Darwin, Charles,
on the origin of species, ii. 12; diversity of species determined by natural selection, ii. 13 what is meant by that, ii. 13; the theory ascribes intelligent effects to unintelligent causes, ii. 15; it effectually banishes God from the world, ii. 15 it is purely hypothetical, assuming the possible to be actual, ii. 19; Darwin admits that there are insolvable difficulties in the way of his theory, ii. 27; Agassiz’s condemnation of it, ii. 15; Huxley’s judgment of it, ii. 20; Professor Owen’s judgment, ii. 25; judgment 13of Mr. Wallace, the friend of Darwin, ii. 9.
Daub, Karl (d. 1836),
philosophical theology, i. 6.
Death,
meaning of, as the wages of sin, ii. 120; natural death in the ease of a man a penal evil, ii. 154, 161; spiritual, nature of, ii. 244; universality of natural death a proof of original sin, ii. 248.
Decalogue
in what sense a perfect rule, iii. 271; tables of. iii. 272; the two forms of, iii. 272; rules of interpreting, iii. 272; preface to, iii. 27.5.
Deception,
when allowable, iii. 440 ff.
Decrees of God,
definition of, i. 535; their end or final cause, one purpose, i. 537; eternal, immutable, i. 538; free, i. 539; certainly efficacious, i. 540; relate to all events, i. 542; include free acts, i. 543; objections, incompatible with free agency, i. 545; inconsistent with the holiness of God, i. 546; destroys the motive to exertion, and is fatalism, i. 548.
“Decreta Gratiani,”
contain the spurious “donatio constantini M.” of imperial dignity to the Pope, iii. 451.
Deism,
what it is, i. 34; what it denies and what it admits, i. 35 ff.; history of, in England, France, Germany, 42 f.; works on, i. 44.
Delitzsch, Professor Franz (Leipzig),
on preëxistence, ii. 65; on the unity of the human race, ii. 88; his “Commentary on Hebrews” a defence of church doctrine concerning the work of Christ, ii. 498; vicarious punishment, ii. 507, 512; expiation of sin is by punishment, ii. 509; affirms all the essential points in the Church doctrine concerning the satisfaction of Christ, ii. 543; on regeneration, iii. 25, 201; on faith, iii. 45; on the Sabbath, iii. 326; on marriage, iii. 380; on a future life revealed in the Old Testament, iii. 718.
Demerit,
distinguished from guilt, ii. 476.
Demoniacal Possession, i. 645.
De Moor,
on mediate imputation, ii. 207, 214; on faith, iii. 61; on the baptism of heathen children under the care of missionaries, iii. 562.
Dens, Peter (d. 1775),
on vows, iii. 316; on hindrances to marriage, iii. 379, 400; on falsehood, iii. 443, 447.
Dependence,
doctrine of, i. 592.
Depravity,
total, ii. 233.
Des Cartes, Reneé (d. 1650),
his ontological argument, i. 205 God as infinite may be known, i. 338; meaning of his aphorism, “cogito ergo sum,” i. 361, 377; un absolute power, i. 409.
“Descensus ad inferos,”
meaning of the term as used in the Apostles’ Creed, ii. 616; Psalm xvi. 10 and 1 Peter iii. 18, 19, ii. 617, 618; Romish doctrine on this subject, ii. 621; Lutheran doctrine, ii. 620, 621 f.
Design,
its nature, i. 215; ground of the conviction that it supposes an intelligent author, i. 216; evidences of design in the world, i. 217–226; objections to the argument from design for the existence of God, denial of final causes, i. 227; the objections of Hume and Kant, i. 228; answer to those objections, i. 229; objection from malformations, i. 230; from useless organs, 14i. 230; from the operations of instinct, i. 231.
Destruction
of the wicked, meaning of, iii. 874.
Detraction,
meaning of, iii. 438.
Development of Doctrine,
in what sense true, i. 117; modern doctrine of historical development, i. 118; as held by some Romanists, i. 120.
Development, Natural,
doctrine of Epicurus, i. 246; the nebular hypothesis, i. 551; theory of Lamarck, ii. 11; “Vestiges of Creation,” ii. 11; Darwin, ii. 12; Huxley, ii. 22; Darwin in reference to the varieties of plants and animals, ii. 23.
De Wette,
on common grace, ii. 658; on desertion as a ground of divorce, iii. 395; on homicide from patriotic motives, iii. 446; on the restoration of all things, Acts iii. 21, iii. 841.
Diderot, Denys (d. 1784),
the Encyclopedist, i. 253.
Diest, Henri à,
on the image of God, ii. 98.
Dionysius, the Areopagite,
a pseudonym for an unknown writer of the fifth century. the father of medieval mysticism, i. 70; a Neo-Platonist, i. 71; the principles of his philosophy, i. 71 f.; great influence of his writings, i. 73.
Discernment,
spiritual, ii. 261.
Dispensation,
the right of, as claimed by Romanists, iii. 269.
Dispensations,
different, of the Church, ii. 373.
Dispositions,
meaning of the word, ii. 107; distinguished from conscious acts, ii. 108; have moral character in virtue of their nature, ii. 111–114 , objections considered, ii. 114.
Divine Government,
theories of, i. 591.
Divinity of Christ,
as revealed in the Old Testament, i. 483 ff.; in the New Testament, i. 495; object of the religious affections, i. 497; his relation to his people and to the world, i. 499 ff.; authority over rational creatures, i. 501; nature of his promises, i. 502; his control over nature. i. 503; direct assertion of, in particular passages, i. 504 ff.
Divorce,
nature and effects of, iii. 391; Old Testament laws of, iii. 391; Christ’s law, iii. 391 , adultery and desertion the only Scriptural grounds of, iii. 393 ff.; doctrine of the Church of Rome, iii. 397; laws of different Protestant nations, iii. 401; of the several States of this Union, iii. 403; duty of the Church in reference to persons divorced on unscriptural grounds, iii. 404.
Docetæ,
the person of Christ, ii. 400.
Döderlein, John Christopher (d. 1792),
on conversion, ii. 730.
Dogmatism,
meaning of the term, i. 5, 44; a form of Rationalism, i. 44; as illustrated by Wolf, i. 45; objections to, i. 46
Döllinger, Ignatius (Munich),
on the philosophy of the Ionic school, i. 318; of the Eleatic School, i. 320; of the Stoics, i. 320; of Plato, i. 322; of Aristotle, i. 326.
Dominicans,
inclined to Augustinianism in their theology, ii. 171, 174; their doctrine on grace as represented by Aquinas, ii. 716; opposed the doctrine of the 15immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary, iii. 288.
Dominion
over the creatures, ii. 97, 102.
Dorner, Professor Isaac Augustus,
on the ubiquity of Christ’s human nature, ii. 410; admits the connection of Luther’s doctrine of the person of Christ with his doctrine of the Eucharist, ii. 415; “the foundation of the new Christology laid by Schelling, Hegel, and Schleiermacher,” ii. 428; on the parallel between Adam and Christ, ii. 538; on Philo’s doctrine of the Logos, ii. 583; on the oneness of God and man, iii. 20; on Luther’s doctrine of good works as the necessary effects of faith, iii. 239; on the design of the Lord’s Supper, iii. 676; on the meaning of ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη in Mark xiii. 30, and Luke xxi. 32, iii. 800.
Dort, Synod of (A.D. 1618),
on the sinner’s inability, ii. 259; sanctions infralapsarianism, ii. 317; on efficacious grace, ii. 681; its decisions on the five points of Arminianism, ii. 725; on the baptism of heathen children, iii. 562; on the Lord’s Supper, iii. 634.
Douglass, Bishop John (d. 1807), on church miracles, iii. 453.
Drew, Samuel (d. 1833).
on the resurrection, iii. 776.
Dualism,
realistic, ii. 46.
Duelling, iii. 368.
Duffield, Professor John Thomas ( Princeton),
on the pre-millennial adveut of Christ, iii. 861.
Dwight, Doctor Sereno O. (d. 1850),
on admission to church membership, iii. 563.
E.
Ebionites,
their doctrine of Christ, ii. 398.
Eberhard, John August (d. 1809),
conversion effected by the power of self-reformation, ii. 730.
Ebrard, Professor J. H. A.,
on the person of Christ, ii. 434; self-limitation of the Logos, ii. 435; guilt removed by punishment, ii. 477, 496; not two natures in Christ, ii. 625, 633; more in man than is revealed in consciousness, ii. 687; nature of regeneration, iii. 22, 657; justification as the act of God founded on regeneration, iii. 201; meaning of the words δίκαιος and δικαοῦν, iii. 202; in what sense CLrist is received in the Lord’s Supper, iii. 657 ff.; on Antichrist, iii. 836.
Ecclesiology,
the fifth part of theology, i. 32.
Eckart, Henry (d. 1328),
one of the mediæval mystics, i. 77.
Eckermann, Jacob Christopher Rudolph (d. 1836),
conversion effected by the power of self-reformation, ii. 730.
Eclecticism,
in a sense mystical, i. 62.
Edward VI. (d. 1553),
articles of, on the Eucharist, iii. 636; liturgy of, prayers for the lead, iii. 743.
Edwards, President Jonathan (d. 1758),
teaches fully the common doctrine on the imputation of Adam’s sin, ii. 207; justifies that imputation on the assumption that Adam and his descend-ants are really one, ii. 208; his peculiar theory of identity, ii. 217; on justification, iii. 116, 148; his views on the conditions of full communion, iii. 563, 569; while insisting on evidence of regeneration, he did not call for a detail of the religious experience of the candidate, iii. 571.
the younger (d. 1801),
on the atonement, ii. 578.
16Efficacious Grace.
distinct from the providential efficiency of God, ii. 665; why so called. ii. 675; its efficacy not due to the cooperation of the human will, ii. 677; not to the congruity of the influence to the state of the mind, ii. 677 ff.; nor to the non-resistance of its subjects, ii. 680; but to its nature as the almighty energy of the Spirit, ii. 680; hence (1) it is mysterious, ii. 683; (2) it is not moral suasion, ii. 684; (3) it acts immediately, not through the truth although generally with it, ii. 684; it is physical as opposed to moral, ii. 685; it is irresistible, or certainly efficacious, ii. 687; the soul is passive, i.e., the subject, not the agent of the change effected, ii. 688; the effect (regeneration) is instantaneous, ii. 688; on the part of God, an act of sovereign grace, ii. 688; proof of all this from Scripture and experience, ii. 689-709; objections to the doctrine, ii. 709 f.; history of the doctrine of grace, ii. 710; Pelagian doctrine, ii. 711; Semi-Pelagian, ii. 712; scholastic period, ii. 714; Tridentine (Romish) doctrine, ii. 717; Synergistic controversy in the Lutheran church, ii. 720; Remonstrant (Arminian) controversy in the Reformed Church, ii. 724; hypothetical universalism of the French theologians, ii. 726; Supernaturalists and Rationalists, 728.
Eisenmenger, John Andrew (d. 1704),
on the Jewish doctrine of the intermediate state, iii. 734; on purgatory as held by the Jews, iii. 768.
Eleatic School,
philosophy of, i. 319.
Election
unto life, its objects, not communities, not classes, but individuals, ii. 333; it is to holiness and eternal life, ii. 341; is not founded on works, seen or foreseen, ii. 338, 345; but on the good pleasure of God, ii. 341, 343, 345; the words of Jesus, ii. 346; objections to the doctrine, ii. 349 ff.
Elements
to be used in the Lord’s supper iii. 615.
Ellicott, Bishop Charles J.,
on 1 Timothy iii. 2, iii. 388; on baptismal regeneration, iii. 596 f.
Elliot, Dr. Charles (b. 1792),
“Delineation of Romanism,” iii. 376.
Eliot, Sir Gilbert (d. 1777),
letter to Hume on the evidence
of design in the world, i. 225.
Elvira, Council of (A.D. 305),
condemned the use of pictures in churches, iii. 296; on the celibacy of the clergy, iii. 374.
Elysium, iii. 717.
Emanations,
Neo-Platonic, i. 71.
Emmons, Dr. Nathaniel (d. 1840),
his doctrine of absolute dependence, i. 594; God creates the volitions of men, ii. 282, 659; God the only cause, ii. 732; forgiveness of sin the only benefit received from Christ, ii. 484; on regeneration, iii. 7, 15.
Encyclical Letter of Pius IX.,
forbidden to be read in France, yet read by the Archbishop New York in his cathedral, iii. 561.
End of the World, the,
passages of Scripture relating to iii. 851; the destruction pre-dieted is not annihilation, iii. 852;, the world, in this connection, is not the universe, iii. 853.
17Endemann,
on the truth of God, i. 438.
Enfantin, Barthelemy Prosper (d. 1864),
the Socialist, a pantheist, iii. 430. England, Church of,
different views of its theologians on regeneration, iii. 28; on the intermediate state, iii. 743; teaches that believers eat the body and drink the blood of Christ elsewhere than in the Lord’s Supper, iii. 640.
Entail, Laws of, iii. 427.
Enthusiasm,
meaning of the word, i. 61.
Envy, iii. 464.
Ephesus, Council of (A.D. 431),
condemnation of Pelagius, ii. 155; declared the Virgin Mary to be the “Mother of God,” iii. 285.
Epicurus (d. B.C. 270),
his philosophy, i. 246; his cosmogony identical with that of modern materialists, i. 246.
Epiphanius (d. 403),
of Salamis, on image worship, iii. 296.
Episcopius, Simon (d. 1643),
if God’s essence be infinite it must include all essence, i. 382; no express promise of eternal life in the Old Testament, ii. 366; on perfectionism, iii. 253; understands John iii. 5 of the baptism of John, iii. 594.
Erasmus (d. 1536),
on Luther’s two mistakes, iii. 320.
Erdmann, John Edward,
his definition of saving faith, iii. 45; of faith in general, iii. 46.
Eschatology, iii. 711 ff.
the fourth part of theology, i. 32; the topics which it embraces, i. 32.
Eschenmayer,
makes faith a special organ for
the eternal and holy, iii. 44.
Escobar, Antonio, the Jesuit (d. 1669),
teaches that a promise does not bind, unless there was an intention to keep it when it was made, iii. 445, 446.
Eternal Generation of the Son,
statement of the doctrine by the Nicene Fathers, i. 468; generation made to relate to the person and not the essence, i. 468; it is eternal and of necessity, i. 469; meaning of John v. 26, i. 470; judgment of Luther and Calvin on these explanations, i. 466. See Sonship of Christ.
Eternity of God,
Scriptural doctrine, i. 385; philosophical view i. 386; in what sense it excludes succession, i. 386, 387; modern speculative doctrine, i. 389.
Eucharist,
(εὐχαριστία, gratitude, thanksgiving) the common Greek and ecclesiastical designation of the Lord’s Supper, which see.
Eusebius (d. 340),
of Cæsarea, condemned the worship of images, iii. 296.
Eutychianism,
doctrine of Eutyches, who taught that there is but one nature in Christ, ii. 402.
Evans, Thomas,
doctrines of the Orthodox Friends, i. 90 ff.
Everlasting,
meaning of the word, iii. 876.
Evil,
its nature as physical and moral, i. 429, ii. 131; theories of, i. 430 ff.; ii. 131-149; not necessary i. 431; not the necessary means of the greatest happiness, i. 432; not unavoidable in a moral system, i. 434; Scriptural account of its origin, i. 435; Pantheistic doctrine of i. 305 ff., 430. See Sin.
Evil Angels, i. 643.
Evil, the Social, iii. 406.
Evolution,
doctrine of, ii. 4 ff.
18Ewald, Professor, John Ludwig (d. 1822),
admits that reconciliation to God must precede reformation, iii. 197.
Exaltation of Christ,
what it includes, ii. 626; Lutheran doctrine of ii. 631; the doctrine of some modern theologians, ii. 633.
“Exercise Scheme,” ii. 282, iii. 7.
Existence of God,
in what sense a matter of intuition, i. 194; in what sense a matter of proof, i. 202; the proof of, i. 204 ff.
Expiation,
meaning of the word ii. 478; effected by vicarious punishment, symbolically by the sacrifices of the Old Testament, really by the death of Christ, ii. 478, 501, 507, 509.
Extreme Unction,
one of the seven sacraments of the Romish Church, iii. 495.
F.
Facts,
of theology found in the Bible, i. 10, 15; full induction needed, i. 12; principles to be inferred from them, i. 13; their authority admitted, i. 57; scientific men often invest their theories or conjectures with the authority due only to facts, ii. 20, 21, 27, 28.
Fairbairn, Principal Patrick (Glasgow),
on expiatory sacrifices, ii. 501.
Faith,
etymology of the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin words by which it is expressed, iii. 42; its generic idea is trust, iii. 43; the general and limited senses of the word, iii. 44; not to be considered simply in relation to religious truth, iii. 45; definitions of, founded on its subjective nature, iii. 45; definition founded on the nature of its object, iii. 53; definitions founded on the nature of the evidence on which it rests, iii. 57; it is a conviction founded on testimony or authority, iii. 60 , proof of that position, iii. 63 ff.; religious faith, different kinds of, historical, temporary, and saving, their specific difference, iii. 67 ff.; what is meant by the testimony of the Spirit which is the foundation of saving faith, iii. 69 ff.
Faith and Knowledge,
the difference between the two, iii. 46, 75, i. 353; knowledge essential to faith, i. 353, iii. 84; the impossible and the irrational cannot be believed, i. 352 f., iii. 83; what is true in religion cannot be false in philosophy, iii. 78; Lutheran doctrine on that point, iii. 79; the incomprehensible or what is above reason may be believed, iii. 81; Romish distinction between explicit and implicit faith, iii. 86.
Faith and Feeling,
faith is not founded on feeling. iii. 49, 88; it is not determined by the will, iii. 49; religious, however, not mere assent, iii. 89; it includes knowledge, assent, and trust, iii. 91.
Faith and Love,
Protestant doctrine that true faith is always attended by love, iii. 93; the Romish doctrine of “fides informis et fides formata,” which makes love the essence of faith, iii. 94.
The Object of Faith,
distinction between “fides generalis” and “fides specialis,” iii. 95; the special object of saving faith is Christ, i.e., receiving the testimony of God concerning Him, iii. 96; Christ in all his offices the object of faith, iii. 99; is the sinner required to believe that Christ loves him? iii. 99 ff.
19Faith and Justification,
Protestant doctrine, iii. 170; Arminian doctrine, iii. 167; Romish doctrine, iii. 166; faith the condition of the efficacy of the sacraments, iii. 500; prayer of faith, iii. 703.
Effects of Faith,
conscious union with Christ, iii. 104; justification, iii. 105; participation of the life of Christ, iii. 105; peace with God, and assurance of his love, iii. 106; holy living, iii. 108; certainty of salvation, Romans, viii., iii. 110. — Authors referred to (all vol. iii.): Aquinas , 49, 54, 61, 82, 87, 94; Augustine, 43, 53, 60; Bailey, 46; Bellarmin, 87, 89, 94, 95, 96; Bretschneider, 77; Calvin, 90, 101, 102; Celsus, 58; Delitzsch, 45; Erdmann, 45, 46; Eschenmayer, 44; Hamilton, 48, 55, 60; Hase, 57, 87; Heinsius, 42; Howe, 61; Kant, 46; Leibnitz, 62; Locke, 46; Lombard, 53, 94; Luther, 79, 80, 95; McCosh, 55; Meiklejohn, 46; Moor, de, 61; Morell, 44; Newman, 88; Nitzsch, 49; Origen, 58; Owen, 61; Pearson, 62; Reid, 43; Richardson, 43; Strauss, 57, 87; Tertullian, 78; Theodoret, 49; Turrettin, 61, 100; Twesten, 57.
Fall of Man,
the Scriptural account of, not an allegory, or myth, but a historical record, ii. 123; tree of life, ii. 124; tree of knowledge, ii. 125; the serpent, ii. 127; nature of the temptation, ii. 128; the effect of Adam’s first sin, ii. 129.
Falsehood,
definitions of, iii. 439 ff.; kinds of, iii. 444; mental reservation, iii. 445 ff.; pious frauds, iii. 448 ff.; forgeries, iii. 450 ff.; false miracles, iii. 452 ff.
False Swearing, iii. 305.
False Witnessing, iii. 438.
Family Catechizing, iii. 572.
Faraday, Michael (d. 1867),
persistence of force, i. 264.
Fatalism, i. 548; ii. 280.
Fathers, The,
on the distinction between πίστις and γνῶσις, i. 5; the authority due to them, i. 125, 126; on the authority of the Scriptures i. 109, 158; on tradition, i. 108, 109; on the Trinity, i. 448 ff.; on the person of Christ, i. 453 ff.; the Platonizing fathers, i. 450; on sin, ii. 149 ff.; on the work of Christ, ii. 564 ff.; on the sacraments, iii. 486; on the intermediate state, iii. 733; on the end of the world, iii. 853.
Faustus of Rhegium (d. 485 circa),
leader of the Semi-Pelagian party in France, ii. 166.
Feeling,
its relation to faith, iii. 50, 51, 88; its authority in matters of religion, i. 65.
Fénélon, Archbishop (d. 1715),
sided with the Quietists, i. 87; his submission to the Pope, i. 87
Fichte, John Gottlieb (d. 1814),
made the doctrine of creation the fundamental error of all false philosophy and religion, i. 562.
Fichte, J. H.,
miracles absurd and impossible, ii. 452.
Filial Duties, iii. 349.
Final Causes,
necessarily excluded by Pantheists and Materialists, i. 227, 566; ii. 8, 16, 18; iii. 695 ff.
Finney, President Charles G.,
on regeneration, iii. 8 ff.; happiness the highest good, iii. 9; all virtue consists in the purpose or intention of the mind, iii. 9; theory of perfection, iii. 255; perfection the condition of salvation, iii. 256.
Five Points of Arminianism, iii.186.
Flacius, Matthias, Illyricus (d. 1575),
his history and services, iii. 6; his peculiar doctrine on original
sin and regeneration, iii. 6
20Flatt, Charles Christian (d. 1843),
on the atonement, ii. 577; admitted something supernatural in conversion, ii. 730.
Fletcher, John (d. 1785),
as all men under condemnation through Adam, so all justified through Christ, ii. 329; Christian perfection is not full conformity to the law given to Adam, but to the evangelical law, iii. 192, 254.
Flint Instruments,
discovery of, urged as proof of the antiquity of man, ii. 38.
Florence, Council of (A.D. 1439),
decided that unbaptized infants at death “descendunt in infernum,” iii. 745; on the state of believers after death, iii. 749.
Flügge,
on the patristical doctrine of the intermediate state, iii. 739 ff.; on purgatory, iii. 769.
“Fœderati,”
who were so considered by the Reformed theologians, iii. 573 ff.
Force,
inseparable from substance, i. 262, 377; all physical forces correlated, i. e., convertible one into another and quantitively equivalent, i. 263 ff.; all such forces resolvable into motion, i. 263; held to be indestructible, i. 264; correlation of physical and vital force, i. 264 ff.; of physical and mental force, i. 271; arguments urged in support of this hypothesis, i. 268, 285 ff.; arguments against the theory, i. 275; it is against consciousness, i. 276; contradicts intuitive truths, i. 280; and the facts of experience, i. 282; the doctrine is atheistic, i. 284; physical and vital or mental forces heterogeneous, and are incapable of correlation, i. 291, 295; witnesses against. the theory: Professor Joseph Henry. i. 292; Doctor Beale, i. 293; Doctor Stirling i. 287; Mr. Wallace, i. 295, 297; Professor Agassiz. i. 222; President Barnard, i. 291; Professor Tyndall, i. 291 Doctor McCosh, i. 210; President Porter, of Yale College, i. 298; and all mankind, learned and unlearned, from the beginning of the world, save a handful of Materialists.
Foreknowledge,
how distinguished from knowledge in God, i. 400; extends to all events, i. 397; foreknowledge of free acts denied by Socinius and some of the Remonstrants, i. 400; how reconciled with free agency, i. 545.
Foreordination. See Decrees.
Forgeries,
sanctioned by the Church of Rome, iii. 450; testimony of the late Abbé Gratry on that point, iii. 453.
Form of Concord,
its origin and object, ii. 721, 408; on original sin, ii. 228; on inability, ii. 258; on the person of Christ, ii. 408-412; satisfaction of Christ, ii. 480; sufferings of Christ confined to his human nature, ii. 483; “descensus ad inferos,” ii. 620; humiliation of Christ, ii. 622 f.; on the ascension of Christ, ii. 631; external call, ii. 646; the Spirit operates only in the word, ii. 656 f.; on regeneration, iii. 29; on justification, iii. 115, 132; active and passive obedience included in the righteousness of Christ which is imputed to believers, iii. 149; on good works, iii. 232, 240; on the Eucharist, iii. 664 ff., 668, 669.
Formula Consensus Helvetica (A.D. 1675),
its origin and design, ii. 206; on mediate imputation, ii. 206 and hypothetical redemption, ii. 322, 727.
21Fossil Human Remains, ii. 35.
Fourier, Francis Charles Mary (d. 1837),
his plan of social organization, iii. 431.
Fos, George (d. 1690),
the Quaker, i. 88.
France, Synod of,
condemned the doctrine of mediate imputation, ii. 206; on the Eucharist, iii. 630, 640.
Franciscans, or Scotists,
disciples of Duns Scotus (d. 1308), the opponents of Thomas Aquinas, ii. 174; Semi-Pelagians, ii. 174; defended against the Dominicans (or Thomists), the doctrine of the immaculate conception of the Virgin, iii. 288.
Frankfort, Council of (A.D. 794),
condemned the worshipping of images, iii. 297.
Frauds,
kinds of, forbidden in the eighth commandment, iii. 434; pious frauds sanctioned by the Church of Rome, iii. 448.
Free Agency,
its nature and conditions, ii. 278, 285, 288, 296 f.; different theories of, necessity, ii. 280; contingency, ii. 282; and certainty, ii. 284; definition of the terms, will, ii. 288; motive, ii. 289; cause, ii. 289; liberty, H. 290; difference between liberty and ability, ii. 291; between self-determination and the self-determining power of the will, ii. 294; proof that the freedom of an act is consistent with the certainty of its occurrence, ii. 295 ff.; free agency consistent with fore-ordination, i. 545; ii. 254.
Freund, Wilhelm,
“sacramentum,” iii. 4R5, 486.
Friends, (Quakers),
origin of their society, i. 88; doctrine of. i. 89; as to the Inward Light given to all men, i. 92; Barclay’s views, i. 93.
Friends,
recognition of, in heaven, 781.
Fritzsche, O. F. (Zurich),
βαπτίζειν τινὰ εἰς τινα, iii. 539.
Frohschammer,
on traduction and create n, ii, 73.
Fulbert (d. 1028),
number of the sacraments, iii. 497.
Future Life,
Protestant doctrine of, iii. 713; revealed under the Old Testament, iii. 716 ff.
Future Punishment,
its nature, iii. 868; everlasting, iii. 868 ff.; objections to the Church doctrine, iii. 878 ff.
G.
Gallic Confession,
on original sin, ii. 228; on inability, ii. 259; the efficacy of the sacraments due to the Spirit’s influence, iii. 501; on infant baptism, iii. 573; design of baptism, iii. 580; affirms Calvin’s doctrine of the Lord’s Supper, iii. 630.
Generation, Eternal,
of the Son of God, Nicene doctrine of, i. 468; concerns the person, not the essence, i. 468; Scriptural arguments in support of the doctrine, i. 469 ff.; eternal sonship of Christ, proof of, i. 471 ff.
Generation, Spontaneous, ii. 4.
modern doctrine of, ii. 5; Professor Huxley’s teachings, ii. 6; Professor Tyndall’s utterances, ii. 8, 9.
Generic Humanity,
meaning of the term, ii. 54; application of the theory to the doctrine of original sin, u. 217 ff.; to the person of Christ, ii. 449; iii. 650, 651; to the Eucharist, iii. 656.
Geneva Catechism,
definition or a sacrament, iii. 22487, 501; nature and effects of baptism, iii. 580.
Gentiles, Calling of the,
means in the Scriptures the conversion of the world, iii. 800; it is to precede the second advent of Christ, iii. 800 ff.; it is the work assigned to the Church as now organized and endowed, iii. 804.
Geology
and the Bible, i. 570.
Gerhard, John (Lutheran, d. 1637),
on the simplicity of God, i. 395; lying wonders true miracles, i. 630; miracles, unless wrought in support of truth, prove nothing, i. 632; definition of sin, ii. 180; on the ubiquity of Christ’s human nature, ii. 624, 632; on the sense in which the offer of salvation is universal, ii. 645; the ministry of John the Baptist belongs to the new dispensation, iii. 412; intentional deception not involved in Christ’s conduct at Emmaus, iii. 441; nature of the sacraments, iii. 488, 489; in the case of infants, baptism is the ordinary means of regeneration, iii. 519; effects of baptism, iii. 606; its necessity, iii. 605; faith the necessary condition of the efficacy of baptism, iii. 608; the sense in which he admits the local presence of Christ’s body In the Eucharist, iii. 670; the body of Christ received in the Eucharist prepares the bodies of believers for the resurrection, iii. 676
Gerhardt, Paul (d. 1676),
his hymns, ii. 525; iii. 229.
Gerson, John Charlier (Chancellor of the University of Paris, d. 1429),
mystical, i. 79; advocated the doctrine of the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary, iii. 288.
Gesenius, Frederick Henry William (d. 1842),
on the literal meaning of the third commandment, iii. 305.
Gess, F. W.,
on Schleiermacher’s ii. 444.
Gess, W. F. (Breslau),
on the person of Christ, ii. 431 435 ff.
Gieseler, John Charles Ludwig (d. 1854),
on the Nicene doctrine of the Trinity, i. 463; on the parallel between Christ and Adam as presented by some of the fathers, ii. 151; why the monks opposed Augustine, ii. 165; doctrine of the fathers on the qualifications of Christ as a Saviour, ii. 573; patristic doctrine of the physical effect on the human race of the incarnation, ii. 582; on the Decretals of Isidore, iii. 451.
Gnostics,
general principles of their philosophy, i. 450, ii. 399; matter eternal and the source of sin.
God,
different theories of the origin of the idea, i. 191; in what sense is the knowledge of God innate, i. 191 ff.; proof of his existence, i. 204 ff.; anti-theistic systems, i. 241-334; can God be known? i. 335; difference between knowing and comprehending, i. 337; proof that the idea we form of God, by ascribing to him the perfections of our own nature, is correct, i. 339 ff.; grounds on which Sir William Hamilton and Dean Mansel teach that God cannot be known. i. 346 ff.; if God is not an object of knowledge, He cannot be an object of faith, i. 352; answer to the arguments of Hamilton and Mansel, i. 356 ff.: necessity of a supernatural revelation to any adequate knowledge 23of God,” i. 364; definitions of God, i. 366 ff.; divine attributes, nature of, i. 368 ff.; classification of, i. 374; God’s relation to the universe, i. 591 ff., ii. 22; his personality, i. 216, 238, 239, 379.
Gomarus (a leader in the Synod of Dort),
taught a two-fold covenant, one with the visible, the other with the invisible Church: the sacraments belong to the former, iii. 564.
Goodness of God,
includes benevolence, love, mercy, and grace: the difference between them, i. 427; relation of the goodness of God to the existence of evil, i. 429; different theories on the subject, i. 430 ff.
Good Works,
their nature, iii. 231, 236; Romish doctrine, 233; works of supererogation, iii. 234; distinction between precepts and counsels, iii. 235; necessity of good works, iii. 238; controversy in the Lutheran Church on this subject, iii. 238 f.; antinomianism, iii. 241; relation of good works to rewards, iii. 241; Romish doctrine, iii. 241; Protestant doctrine, iii. 243 f.
Gospel. See Call.
Gottschalk (d. 867),
condemned by the Latin Church in the ninth century for teaching the doctrines of Augustine, ii. 168.
Gousset, Cardinal,
the Eucharist produces grace by its inherent virtue, iii. 677; the eating of Christ’s flesh (John vi. 48-65 ) is not spiritual but by the mouth, iii. 682; participation of the Lord’s Supper not necessary to salvation, iii. 683; the Eucharist a sacrifice, iii. 687; on the state of Rebaptized infants after death, iii. 745, 746; the future punishment of the wicked everlasting, iii. 748; he admits that the general belief of the Romanists is that the fire which is everlasting is material, iii. 748; on purgatory, iii. 750.
Government,
of God extends over all his creatures and all their action, i. 575; the doctrine stated, i. 581; proof of it, i. 583 ff.; its relation to the free acts of men, i. 588; to sin, i. 589; different theories concerning its nature, deistical theory, i. 591; theory of entire dependence, i. 592; of no efficiency in second causes, i. 595; of preëstablished harmony, i. 597; of “concursus,” i. 598; the Scriptural doctrine, i. 605 ff.; distinction between the providential efficiency of God and the operation of the Spirit, i. 614, ii. 665.
Grace,
meaning of the word, ii. 654; why the supernatural influence of the Spirit is called grace, ii. 654; distinct from the moral influence of the truth, ii. 655, 660 ff.; common grace granted to all men, ii. 654, 668 ff.; Lutheran doctrine on that subject, ii. 656; rationalistic doctrine, ii. 657; effects of common grace, ii. 670; Wesleyan doctrine of sufficient grace, ii. 329; Remonstrant doctrine, ii. 327; Semi-Pelagian doctrine, ii. 712; scholastic distinction between preventing, cooperating, and sanctifying, and habitual grace, ii. 716; Tridentine doctrine, ii. 717; the synergistic controversy, ii. 120; Arminian controversy and action of the Synod of Dort, ii. 724.
Grace, Efficacious,
why so called; different answers 24to that question, ii. 675; according to the Augustinian doctrine it is the Almighty power of the Spirit, ii. 680, 682; hence it is mysterious, ii. 683; not moral suasion, ii. 684; acts immediately, ii. 684; in one sense physical, ii. 685; it is irresistible, ii. 687; its effect (regeneration) instantaneous, ii. 688; the soul passive therein, ii. 688; it is an act of sovereignty, ii. 688; proof of the doctrine, ii. 689 ff.; objections considered, ii. 709 ff.
Grant, Sir Alexander,
on the Stoics, iii. 767.
Gratry, Abbé,
the popes have often erred in their “ex cathedra ” judgments, iii. 452; the doctrine of papal infallibility sustained by forgeries and fraud, iii. 452; recanted these assertions before he died, iii. 452.
Gray, Professor Asa (of Cambridge, Massachusetts),
on the Darwinian theory, ii. 18.
Green, Professor William Henry (Princeton),
on the chronology of the Old Testament, ii. 40.
Gregory, the Great (d. 604),
opposed image worship, iii. 297; gave definite form to the doctrine of purgatory, iii. 769.
Gregory, Nazianzen (d. 389),
on the prevalence of the Arian apostasy, i. 144; his use of the word “baptism,” iii. 537.
Gregory of Neo-Cæsarea (d. 265 circa),
was opposed to the worship of images, iii. 297.
Gregory of Nyssa (d. 400),
on purgatory, iii. 755.
Gregory the VII. (d. 1085), enforced the celibacy of the clergy, iii. 375.
Grotius, Hugo (i. 1645),
denied the inspiration of the historical books of Scripture, i. 156: his work on the satisfaction of Christ, ii. 573; God to be regarded, in the matter of atonement, as a governor, ii. 573; he taught the governmental theory, ii. 574, 575, iii. 188, 189; denies that Theism is involved in moral obligation, iii. 261; did not admit the perpetuity of the law of the Sabbath, iii. 326; on the general prevalence of the division of time into weeks, iii. 327; understands John iii. 5 of the baptism of John, iii. 594.
Guericke, Professor H. E. F. (Halle),
represents the Church of Rome as making original sin merely negative, ii. 177; on the inconsequence in the Lutheran doctrine of election, ii. 724; on the French Socialists, iii. 431; the point of difference between the Reformed and Lutherans on the efficacy of the sacraments, iii. 501; on the catechetical schools of Alexandria, iii. 542.
Guilt,
meaning of the word, ii. 476; inseparable from sin, ii. 188; differs from demerit or ill-desert and from criminality, ii. 189, 476; may be removed by expiation, ii. 496.
Gury, John Peter (1856),
when lying is justifiable, iii. 443;
on mental reservation, iii. 445. Guyon, Madam (d. 1717), i. 86.
Guyot, Professor Arnold (Princeton),
on the Mosaic account of the creation, i. 573.
H.
Hades,
meaning of the word ii. 616 f., iii. 717; the Jewish doctrine of, iii. 737; the patristic doctrine as stated by Hippolytus. iii. 739.
25Hahn, Doctor Augustus,
on the doctrine of impanation, iii. 649.
Half-way Covenant,
controversy on the subject, iii. 567.
Hamilton, Sir William (d. 1856),
on Cousin’s philosophy, i. 304; on the veracity of consciousness, i. 340; invincibility of belief involves the truth of the thing believed, i. 340; his arguments against transcendentalism, or the philosophy of the Infinite, i. 346 ff.; God, because infinite, cannot be known, cannot be conscious, cannot know, cannot be cause, cannot be a person, i. 347 ff.; makes God an object of faith but not of knowledge, i. 352; the Bible, he says, gives regulative, not absolute, knowledge of God, i. 354; arguments against his whole theory, i. 356 ff.
Harmony, Preëstablished,
theory of, i. 597.
Hartley, Doctor David (d. 1757),
a disciple of Locke, i. 249; his explanation of sensation and thought, i. 250.
Hase, Doctor Charles Augustus (Jena),
on Monism, ii. 731; on the nature of faith, iii. 57; definition of implicit faith, iii. 87; the Lutheran doctrine of justification, iii. 115.
Hasse, J. A.,
his exposition of Anselm’s doctrine of grace, ii. 715.
Heathen,
the rule by which they are to be judged, i. 27, 28; they are to be converted to the faith of Christ, iii. 800; and by the ministry of the church, iii. 804; no Scriptural doctrine derived from a heathen source, iii. 785.
Heaven,
usage of the word in Scripture, ii. 630; designates a place as well as a state, ii. 630; Scriptural doctrine of, iii. 855, 859; is the consummation of the kingdom of Christ, iii. 859; recognition of friends in, iii. 781; Romish doctrine of, iii. 748.
Hebrews,
analysis of the epistle to the, ii. 496.
Heidegger, John Henry (d. 1698),
confounds power and knowledge in God, i. 395.
Heidelberg Catechism,
on original sin, ii. 229; the satisfaction of Christ, ii. 481; definition of saving faith, iii. 90; its special object, Hi. 101; definition of justification, iii. 114; on the use of images in churches, iii. 304; definition of the sacraments, iii. 487; on the efficacy of baptism, iii. 580; on the Lord’s Supper, iii. 633.
Heine, Heinrich,
his avowal of Hegelianism, iii. 430.
Hell,
meaning of the word, ii. 616; Scriptural doctrine of, iii. 875; objections to that doctrine answered, iii. 878; Romish doctrine of, iii. 747.
Helvetic Confession, First,
on the efficacy of the sacraments, iii. 501; on the Lord’s Supper, iii. 627.
Helvetic Confession, Second,
on original sin, ii. 228; inability, ii. 258, 259; person of Christ, ii. 405; satisfaction of Christ, ii. 481; divine nature impassible, ii. 483; efficacious grace, ii. 681; justification, iii. 114; against the use of images, iii. 304; the sense in which the knowledge of the Scriptures is necessary to salvation. iii. 469 , nature of the sacraments, iii. 487; the administrator of the sacraments, iii. 514; proper subjects of infant baptism, iii. 26573; on the efficacy of baptism, iii. 579; on the Lord’s Supper, iii. 634, 636, 639, 641 f.
Henderson, Doctor Ebenezer,
vindication of the reading θεός, in First Timothy iii. 16, i. 518.
Hengstenberg, Professor E. W.,
on the religious character of the Jewish Sabbath, iii. 337; the importance of its continued observance, iii. 348.
Henke, Henry Philip Conrad (d. 1809),
conversion effected by the power
of self-reformation, ii. 730.
Henry, Professor Joseph (Washington, D. C.),
protests against the denial of the distinction between physical force and mind, i. 292; on vitality, i. 293.
Heraclitus (504 B.C. ),
philosophy of, i. 318.
Herbert, Lord (d. 1648),
father of Deism in England, i. 42.
Herschel, Sir John Frederick William,
disposed to merge physical forces
into divine efficiency, iii. 694.
Herzog, Professor John Jacob (Erlangen),
on celibacy, iii. 375; on marriage, iii. 397; on communism, iii. 432; on the number of the sacraments, iii. 497.
Hilary of Poictiers (d. 368),
the Nicene doctrine of subordination of the Son to the Father, i. 465.
Hildebert (d. 1134),
number of the sacraments, iii. 497.
Hindus,
their origin, i. 309; their literature, i. 310; their religion, pantheistic, i. 312; its effect on their character and civilization, i. 313, 316; the contrast between Greece and India as stated by Max Müller, i. 316.
Hippolytus,
on Hades, iii. 739 E
Hobbes,
a materialist, i. 248.
Hofmann, Professor I. C. C. (Erlangen),
his low view of sacrifices controverted by Delitzsch ii. 498; on John iii. 5, iii. 554, Holiness of God, i. 413.
Hollaz (Lutheran, d. 1713),
on the attributes of God, i. 370 on the plan of salvation, ii. 325; election founded on the foresight of faith, ii. 326; the supernatural inherent power of the word, ii. 657, iii. 480; administrator of the sacraments iii. 514; on the annihilation of the world, iii. 853.
Homicide,
when justifiable, iii. 364
Hook, Walter Farquhar (Vicar of Leeds),
on Mariolatry, iii. 287.
Hopkins, President Mark (Williams’ College),
on the Sabbath, iii. 347.
Hopkins, William, F. R. S.,
his argument against the Darwinian theory in “Fraser’s Magazine,” ii. 21 f.
Host, the,
name given by Romanists to the consecrated wafer, iii. 614; the object of divine (and, therefore), idolatrous worship in the Romish Church, iii. 681.
Howe, John (Puritan divine, d. 1705),
the sense in which a necessary Being must include all being, i. 382; on the ground of faith, iii. 61.
Hudson, C. P.,
on the annihilation of the wicked, iii. 869.
Hugo, of St. Victor (d. 1141),
evangelical mystic, i. 79; speaks of Baptism and the Eucharist as the two principal sacraments, iii. 497.
Human Testimony,
conditions of its validity, i. 633
Human Race.
See Man; and Species.
Humanity Generic.
See Generic Humanity.
27Hume, David (d. 1716),
principles of his philosophy, i. 212 ff.; the admitted master of the modern school of scientific materialism, i. 253; his doctrine of causation, i. 208, 213 f.; his arguments against the proof of the existence of God, i. 213, 228; his argument against miracles, i. 633.
Humiliation of Christ,
common doctrine of, ii. 610; Lutheran doctrine, ii. 621; Romish doctrine, ii. 621; in what sense He was made under the law, ii. 612; in what sense He endured the wrath of God, ii. 614; in what sense He descended into hell, ii. 616; the modern doctrine of “kenosis,” ii. 625.
Hunt, Reverend John (Curate of St. Ives),
his essay on Pantheism, i. 302; on Spinoza’s doctrine of virtue, i. 305.
Hutter, Leonard (Lutheran, d. 1616),
election, ii. 326; on the perseverance of the saints, ii. 723.
Huxley, Professor Thomas Henry,
on Comte, i. 258, 261; correlation of physical and vital forces, i. 268; vitality due to the peculiar aggregation of lifeless elements, i. 269; the same principle applied to mental phenomena, i. 271; denies being a materialist, i. 272; on spontaneous generation, i. 282, ii. 5, 6; admits that “organization is not the cause of life, but life the cause of organization,” iii. 698.
Hybrids,
the sterility of, ii. 29.
Hylozoism, i. 245.
Hymns
on the satisfaction of Christ, ii. 526.
Hypostatical Union,
nature of, ii. 387; meaning of the word “nature ” when it is said that the divine and human natures are united in the person of Christ, ii. 387; no transfer of the attributes from one nature to the other, ii. 390; in what sense the union is personal, ii. 390; consequences of the hypostatical union, ii. 392 ff.; what is meant by the communion of attributes, ii. 392; Lutheran doctrine on the subject, ii. 407.
Hypothetical Redemption,
a theory proposed by some of the French theologians, ii. 321, 726; condemned by the Swiss churches and by the Reformed generally, ii. 322.
I.
Idea, the,
of God, its origin, 1. 191.
Ideas,
meaning of in Plato’s philosophy, i. 323; their relation in his system, to God and to the actual, i. 324 f.
Identity,
President Edwards’ theory of,
ii. 217; different kinds of, iii. 775.
Idolatry,
nature of, iii. 291.
Ignatius,
controversy concerning the genuineness and importance of his letters, iii. 450; regarded the Eucharist as “the antidote of death” as it secures the resurrection of believers, iii. 649.
Ignorance,
different kinds of, i. 350.
Image of God,
different views taken of its nature, ii. 96; the sense in which man was created in that image, ii. 96; Romish, Lutheran, and Reformed doctrine on the subject, ii. 97 f